Influence of the chirp on the intensity distributions of an apertured pulse

Starting from the Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral and the Fourier transform, the propagation expression of a chirped pulse passing through a hard-edged aperture is derived. Using the obtained expression, the intensity distributions of the pulse with different chirp in the near and far fields are analyzed in detail. Due to the modulation of the aperture, many intensity peaks emerge in the intensity distributions of the chirped pulse in the near field. However, the amplitudes of the intensity peaks decrease on increasing the chirp, which results in the smoothing effect in the intensity distributions. The beam smoothing brought by increasing the chirp is explained physically. Also, it is found that the radius of the intensity distribution of the chirped pulse decreases when the chirp increases in the far field.     

苦参碱和槐定碱在多刺激响应性水凝胶薄膜电极上的可调控电化学行为及其逻辑门构建

采用苦参碱(Matrine, MT)和槐定碱(Sophoridine, SR)作为电活性药物分子探针, 考察了聚(N-异丙基)丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)水凝胶薄膜的刺激响应特性; 并通过循环伏安(CV)法和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了PNIPAM在不同外界刺激条件(如温度、 盐浓度和甲醇)下结构的改变. 在25 ℃时, 药物分子MT和SR在玻碳电极上产生较大的氧化峰电流, 随着温度升高至40 ℃, 药物分子探针的氧化峰电流逐渐减小. 考察了不同Na₂SO₄浓度和不同比例甲醇对PNIPAM水凝胶薄膜的影响, 发现MT和SR的氧化峰电流随着Na₂SO₄浓度(00.45 mol/L)和甲醇比例(040%)的升高而减小. 结果表明, MT和SR可作为分子探针研究PNIPAM水凝胶薄膜对环境的三重刺激响应性开关行为, 并可进一步构筑3-输入/2-输出的逻辑门系统.     

Study of the generalization of regularized long-wave equation

Nonlinear Dynamics - A generalization of the regularized long-wave equation is considered, and the existences of smooth soliton, peakon, and periodic solutions are established via the complete...     

Wavelength division demultiplexing by photonic crystal waveguides with asymmetric corrugated surfaces

<正>We propose a new type of wavelength division demultiplexer composed of a photonic crystal waveguide with asymmetric corrugated exit surface.The focus displacement for different symmetric corrugated surfaces is relative to the intensity of the excited surface mode.By systematically investigating the effects of the parameters of the corrugated surface on the focus shift,we demonstrate an on-axis focus by a photonic crystal waveguide with an asymmetric corrugated exit surface at a specific wavelength.The precise equivalences of surface modes at each side of the exit surface are broken.Thus,for the light source with other wavelengths,the emerging beams are off-axis focused at different directions,similar to the function of a wavelength division demultiplexer.     

Effect of methyl substituents on the preferred conformations of Bis(pentadienyl) open metallocenes

Density functional theory (DFT) methods indicated that the preferred geometries, spin states, and energetics of unsubstituted bis(pentadienyl)metal open sandwich complexes (C₅H₇)₂M of the first row transition metals (M = Ti to Ni) are similar to those of the corresponding substituted and more stable (2,4-Me₂C₅H₅)₂M open sandwich complexes with 2,4-dimethylpentadienyl ligands. Structures with two fully bonded pentahapto η⁵-C₅H₇ ligands are energetically preferred for iron and for the transition metals to the left of iron in the Periodic Table. However, for the electron-rich first-row transition metals cobalt and nickel, structures with at least one trihapto η³-C₅H₇ ligand are preferred in order to prevent the electron configuration of the central metal atom from exceeding the favored 18-electrons. For the manganese systems (C₅H₇)₂Mn and (2,4-Me₂C₅H₅)₂Mn the presence of the two methyl substituents is found to have little effect on the complicated potential energy surface with low-energy structures in the doublet, quartet, and sextet spin states.     

A lab-on-disc centrifugal microfluidic system for ultraprecise plasma separation

As the medical community puts forward higher requirements for the speed and convenience of disease diagnosis, point-of-care testing has become a hot research topic to overcome various kinds of healthcare problems. Blood test is considered to be highly sensitive and accurate in clinical diagnosis. However, conventional plasma separation system tends to be bulky and needs professional operations. Moreover, imprecise separation may cause residual biochemical substances such as blood cells to affect the detection results. In this work, to solve these problems, we designed a portable centrifugal microfluidic platform for automatic, rapid and ultraprecise blood separation. The disc consists of multichambers and multi-microchannels where a plasma reservoir and a cell reservoir are connected to each other and collinear with the center of the circle. This structure overcomes the weakness of low separation efficiency (when hematocrit increases) under the traditional blood separation structure (bifurcation structure). As a result, the proposed system achieved 99.9% plasma purity, 99.9% separation efficiency (with a blood hematocrit of 48%) and 32.5% plasma recovery rate in the 50s, which provides a strong guarantee for rapid blood diagnosis and analysis, especially in areas where medical resources are limited.     

纳米器件的非零点能Casimir排斥力

结合边界元方法,利用离散点表面电流及表面磁流的格林函数得到任意三维几何体及任意材料纳米器件互相作用离散点之间的Casimir力.给出浸泡在液体中纳米器件的"非零点能"Casimir效应,分析Casimir排斥力产生的条件,为实际纳米器件之间Casimir效应分析提供新的数值方法.     

Simulation of wing-body junction flows with hybrid RANS/LES methods

In this paper, flows past two wing-body junctions, the Rood at zero angle of attack and NASA TN D-712 at 12.5° angle of attack, are investigated with two Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES) hybrid methods. One is detached eddy simulation (DES) and the other is delayed-DES, both are based on a weakly nonlinear two-equation k–ω model. While the RANS method can predict the mean flow behaviours reasonably accurately, its performance for the turbulent kinetic energy and shear stress, as compared with available experimental data, is not satisfactory. DES, through introducing a length scale in the dissipation terms of the turbulent kinetic energy equation, delivers flow separation, a vortex or the onset of vortex breakdown too early. DDES, with its delayed effect, shows a great improvement in flow structures and turbulence characteristics, and agrees well with measurements.     

Prediction of separation flows around a 6：1 prolate spheroid using RANS/LES hybrid approaches

This paper presents hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large-eddy-simulation (LES) methods for the separated flows at high angles of attack around a 6:1 prolate spheroid. The RANS/LES hybrid methods studied in this work include the detached eddy simulation (DES) based on Spalart–Allmaras (S–A), Menter’s k–ω shear-stress-transport (SST) and k–ω with weakly nonlinear eddy viscosity formulation (Wilcox–Durbin+, WD+) models and the zonal-RANS/LES methods based on the SST and WD+ models. The switch from RANS near the wall to LES in the core flow region is smooth through the implementation of a flow-dependent blending function for the zonal hybrid method. All the hybrid methods are designed to have a RANS mode for the attached flows and have a LES behavior for the separated flows. The main objective of this paper is to apply the hybrid methods for the high Reynolds number separated flows around prolate spheroid at high-incidences. A fourth-order central scheme with fourth-order artificial viscosity is applied for spatial differencing. The fully implicit lower–upper symmetric-Gauss–Seidel with pseudo time sub-iteration is taken as the temporal differentiation. Comparisons with available measurements are carried out for pressure distribution, skin friction, and profiles of velocity, etc. Reasonable agreement with the experiments, accounting for the effect on grids and fundamental turbulence models, is obtained for the separation flows. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10502030 and 90505005).     

Study on an on-line molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography for separation and determination of trace estrone in environment

Estrone is one of the important potential endocrine-disrupting compounds, and the sensitive and reliable analytical methods for the determination of estrone are required for the assurance of human health. In this paper, using estrone as template molecule, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as function monomer, and tetraethoxysilicane as cross-linker, a highly selective molecularly imprinted microsphere was synthesized by surface molecular imprinting technique combined with a sol–gel process. The imprinted material was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared and static adsorption experiments, and the results showed that it exhibited good recognition and selective ability for estrone. A novel method for separation and determination of trace estrone in environmental sample was developed using on-line molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. With a sample loading flow rate of 2.6 mL min⁻¹ for a 9.6-min extraction, the enrichment factor obtained by the slopes of the linear portion in comparison with the direct injection of 10 μL standard sample solution was 1,045. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 5.7 ng L⁻¹, and the relative standard deviations for nine replicate extractions of 5.0 μg L⁻¹ estrone was less than 10.0%. This method was evaluated for quantitative determination of estrone in well and lake water samples spiked at two levels (0.5 and 1.0 μg L⁻¹) with recoveries ranging from 86% to 95%.