多核钯（Ⅱ）－镍（Ⅱ）（1：1）酞菁对Heck反应的催化研究

使用多核钯（Ⅱ）－镍（Ⅱ）（１：１）酞菁作催化剂催化Ｈｅｃｋ反应，得到１２种较高产率的取代Ｅ－１，２－二苯乙烯、Ｅ－肉桂酸和Ｅ－甲基肉桂酸。催化剂的催化活性可与均相催化剂乙酸钯（Ⅱ）的催化活性相比。本文所用催化剂易制备且可重复使用１４次左右。     

高碘酸盐-硫脲-硫酸反应体系的非线性动力学

研究了KIO4 SC(NH2)2 H2SO4反应体系在封闭、半封闭以及开放系统中的非线性动力学行为.发现在封闭体系中体系的吸光度、铂电极电位和pH值呈现单峰或准振荡现象；在半封闭和开放系统中体系的铂电极电位和碘电极电位均呈振荡现象.封闭、半封闭及开放系统的动力学曲线受体系酸度和初始浓度比值[KIO4]0/[SC(NH2)2]0的影响.对照其在封闭、半封闭和开放系统中的动力学行为,以碘单质产生和消耗驱使的反应动力学可解释该反应体系的复杂现象.     

N80油套管钢应力状态下的CO2腐蚀行为研究

利用交流阻抗技术研究了拉伸、压缩和弯曲三种应力状态下N80油套管钢在饱和CO₂地层水中的腐蚀过程. 结果表明, 三种状态下的阳极电化学阻抗谱均出现了高频容抗弧、中低频感抗弧和低频容抗弧三个时间常数, 其中高频容抗弧与双电层电容和传递电阻有关, 感抗弧对应膜的活性溶解, 低频容抗弧与试样表面膜的生成有关. 随着三种状态下应变的增加, 感抗弧逐渐扩大, 而低频容抗弧则逐渐缩小, 表明应力状态下N80钢的CO₂腐蚀会加剧. 三种状态下的阴极阻抗谱高频均由容抗弧组成, 中低频由Warburg阻抗和容抗弧共同组成, 三种状态下随着应变程度的增加, Warburg阻抗增加, 反应电阻减小, 双电层电容减小, 说明应力会加速阴极反应过程的进行, 从而增加N80钢的CO₂腐蚀速率.     

Kinetic Behaviors of a Competitive Population and Fitness System in Exchange-Driven Growth

We proposed an aggregation model of two species aggregates of fitness and population to study the interaction between the two species in their exchange-driven processes of the same species by introducing the monomer birth of fitness catalyzed by the population, where the fitness aggregates perform self-death process and the population aggregates perform self-birth process. The kinetic behaviors of the aggregate size distributions of the fitness and population were analyzed by the rate equation approach with their exchange rate kernel K1（k,j） = K1kj and K2（k,j） = K2kj, the fitness aggregate＇s self-death rate kernel J1 （ k ） = J1 k, population aggregate＇s self-birth rate kernel J2（ k ） = J2k and population-catalyzed fitness birth rate kernel I（k,j） = Ikj＇. The kinetic behavior of the fitness was found depending crucially on the parameter v, which reflects the dependence of the population-catalyzed fitness birth rate on the size of the catalyst （population） aggregate. （i） In the v ≤ 0 case, the effect of catalyzed-birth of fitness is rather weak and the exchange-driven aggregation and self-death of the fitness dominate the process, and the fitness aggregate size distribution αk（t） does not have scale form. （ii） When v ≥0, the effect of the population-catalyzed birth of fitness gets strong enough, and the catalyzed-birth and self-death of the fitness aggregates, together with the self-birth of the population aggregates dominate the evolution process of the fitness aggregates. The aggregate size distribution αk （t） approaches a generalized scaling form.     

Kinetics of Infection-Driven Growth Model with Birth and Death

We propose a two-species infection model, in which an infected aggregate can gain one monomer from a healthy one due to infection when they meet together. Moreover, both the healthy and infected aggregates may lose one monomer because of self-death, but a healthy aggregate can spontaneously yield a new monomer. Consider a simple system in which the birth/death rates are directly proportional to the aggregate size, namely, the birth and death rates of the healthy aggregate of size k are J1 k and J2k while the self-death rate of the infected aggregate of size k is J3k. We then investigate the kinetics of such a system by means of rate equation approach. For the J1 〉 J2 case, the aggregate size distribution of either species approaches the generalized scaling form and the typical size of either species increases wavily at large times. For the J1 = J2 case, the size distribution of healthy aggregates approaches the generalized scaling form while that of infected aggregates satisfies the modified scaling form. For the J1 〈 J2 case, the size distribution of healthy aggregates satisfies the modified scaling form, but that of infected aggregates does not scale.     

阳离子和两性表面活性剂对石英表面润湿性的影响

利用座滴法研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基醚羟丙基季铵盐(C16PC)和两性离子表面活性剂十六烷基醚羟丙基羧酸甜菜碱(C16PB)溶液在石英表面上的润湿性质, 考察了表面活性剂类型及浓度对接触角的影响趋势, 讨论了黏附张力和黏附功的变化规律. 研究发现, 两种表面活性剂在高能的石英表面的吸附造成石英-水的界面自由能(γsl)增大. C16PB通过弱相互作用随机吸附到石英表面, 其增大γsl的能力与降低表面张力(γ1g)的能力相当, 接触角(θ)随浓度变化不大. C16PC 随体相浓度增大能够在石英表面通过静电作用形成定向排列的单分子层, 而后在临界胶束浓度(cmc)附近形成双层结构, 接触角随浓度变化的趋势可分为4个区域, 并通过一个极大值.     

Kinetic evolutionary behavior of catalysis-select migration

We propose a catalysis-select migration driven evolution model of two-species(A-and B-species) aggregates,where one unit of species A migrates to species B under the catalysts of species C,while under the catalysts of species D the reaction will become one unit of species B migrating to species A.Meanwhile the catalyst aggregates of species C perform self-coagulation,as do the species D aggregates.We study this catalysis-select migration driven kinetic aggregation phenomena using the generalized Smoluchowski rate equation approach with C species catalysis-select migration rate kernel K(k;i,j) = Kkij and D species catalysis-select migration rate kernel J(k;i,j) = Jkij.The kinetic evolution behaviour is found to be dominated by the competition between the catalysis-select immigration and emigration,in which the competition is between JD0 and KC0(D0 and C0 are the initial numbers of the monomers of species D and C,respectively).When JD0 KC0 > 0,the aggregate size distribution of species A satisfies the conventional scaling form and that of species B satisfies a modified scaling form.And in the case of JD0 KC0 < 0,species A and B exchange their aggregate size distributions as in the above JD0 KC0 > 0 case.     

Kinetics of Infection-Driven Growth Model with Birth and Death

We propose a two-species infection model, in which an infected aggregate can gain one monomer from a healthy one due to infection when they meet together. Moreover, both the healthy and infected aggregates may lose one monomer because of self-death, but a healthy aggregate can spontaneously yield a new monomer. Consider a simple system in which the birth/death rates are directly proportional to the aggregate size, namely, the birth and death rates of the healthy aggregate of size k are J₁k and J₂k while the self-death rate of the infected aggregate of size k is J₃k. We then investigate the kinetics of such a system by means of rate equation approach. For the J₁>J₂ case, the aggregate size distribution of either species approaches the generalized scaling form and the typical size of either species increases wavily at large times. For the J₁=J₂ case, the size distribution of healthy aggregates approaches the generalized scaling form while that of infected aggregates satisfies the modified scaling form. For the J₁<J₂ case, the size distribution of healthy aggregates satisfies the modified scaling form, but that of infected aggregates does not scale.     

Study on Foaming Properties and Dynamic Surface Tension of Sodium Branched-alkyl Benzene Sulfonates

Foaming properties and the dynamic surface tension (DST) were carried out with aqueous solutions of sodium branched-alkyl benzene sulfonates to elucidate the relationship between foaming properties and surfactant structures. The parameters of the DST (t*, n, R _1/2 ) are correlated with the foaming ability for alkyl benzene sulfonates with benzene ring substituting at positions 2, 4, and 8 of hexadecane. The parameters of the DST (t*, n, R _1/2 ) are correlated with the foaming ability of the same surfactant solutions. The results indicated that the molecular diffusion in the solution, adsorption, and arrangement at the air/water interface were changed with different molecular structures: changing the substituted position of benzene ring from 2 to 8 of hexadecane, the value of t* and n decrease, and the value of R _1/2 increases, which lead to the high dynamic surface activity and high foam volume. The foam stability is correlated with the high surface dilational elasticity and the strength of surface monolayer: changing the substituted position of benzene ring from 2 to 8 of hexadecane, the branched-alkyl chain becomes more flexible, which is characterized by densely packed adsorbed molecules and high film elasticity of the adsorption film. Therefore, the foam stability increases.