Thinking and Turing's test

The questions raised by A. M. Turing in his paper on thought and machines are discussed. Human thought is considered in turn as a concept of normal language usage, as a basic concept of psychology, and as the basis of intellectual activity. It is concluded that neither of these notions of thought identifies something specific that a human being can or cannot do. The imitation game proposed by Turing for deciding whether a machine can think is found to result from an arbitrary empoverishment of the channel of communication between the interrogator and the item under investigation. Turing's notions of thinking are shown to lead to logical difficulties. An alternative view of consciousness, that would place it beyond the reach of any finite test, is finally discussed.     

The accurate dimensional measurements within small internal structures

This paper shows that the dimension of internal structure of a component can be measured remotely to a resolution better than 5 μm by use of the combination of high resolution optical microscopy and image processing.A specialised high resolution, long working distance and diffraction limited lens was used to image within the component. A series of digital images were made to map spatially the interior of the component. An edge detector was then used to localise the specific location of features in order that an accurate internal measurement could be made. A visualisation of the internal surface finish was also achieved.     

The Eta Invariant of Pin Manifolds with Cyclic Fundamental Groups

Periodica Mathematica Hungarica - Let ?= 2ν &;gt; 1. Let M be an orientable manifold of odd dimension m with $\pi _1 (M) = \mathbb{Z}_\ell $ whose universal cover $\tilde M$ is...     

A Survey on Explicit Representation Formulae for Fundamental Solutions of Linear Partial Differential Operators

In the present article, we aim at treating the existence of fundamental solutions of linear partial differential operators with constant coefficients from the viewpoint of setting up explicit formulae yielding fundamental solutions.     

Gr-凝聚环的分次FP-内射维数

引进了分次FP-内射维数，对Gr-凝聚环的分次FP-内射维数作了刻划，将Stentrom等人的若干工作推广到分次环上．     

Field optimized initial state based control of photodissociation

A new scheme for controlling photodissociation through preparation of a variationally optimized linear superposition of field free vibrational eigenstates is applied for selective control of IBr and HI dissociation. The dependence of photodissociation on various field parameters and initial conditions is examined to investigate the mechanistic basis of selective control. The parametric equations of motion approach for determining vibrational dynamics as a function of field parameters without having to solve the time dependent Schrödinger equation explicitly for each field parameter separately is outlined and its use to identify field characteristics which will provide the requisite population mix represented by the optimal linear superposition of vibrational states is advocated.