用双波长可见光谱法快速测定半纤维素提取液中糖的含量

传统的Douglas比色法(间苯三酚-冰醋酸显色法)只能测定水溶性聚戊糖或戊糖,该研究对上述方法进行了改进,通过采用双波长技术实现对总糖和戊糖、己糖含量的同时测定。研究发现,425 nm是戊糖和己糖的等摩尔吸收波长,553 nm是戊糖的特征吸收波长,以上述二波长为基础大大简化了双波长法的计算公式。半纤维素提取液中干扰物质的光谱结果显示,提取液中的木素和葡萄糖醛酸对戊糖和己糖的测定结果都没有显著干扰。结果表明,该方法测定总糖和戊糖、己糖的含量都具有较高的精度和准确性,回收率为97.4%~101.9%。该方法简单、快速,非常适用于阔叶木和禾本科植物半纤维素提取液中混合糖含量的同时测定。     

A generalized flexibility matrix based approach for structural damage detection

In this paper, a new structural damage detection approach based on changes in the generalized flexibility matrix is presented. The generalized flexibility matrix is first introduced; its sensitivity and change are then used to detect structural damage location and damage extent. Compared with the original flexibility matrix based approach, the effect of truncating higher-order modes can be considerably reduced in this new approach. Finally, a numerical example for a simply supported beam is used to illustrate the effectiveness of this proposed method.     

Stress evolution and lattice distortion induced by thickness variation and lattice misfit in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3−δ films

La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO_3?δ thin films with different thicknesses are prepared in order to investigate the structural variation induced by film thickness and lattice misfit. The X-ray diffraction results show the in-built stress evolution from a full strained thin layer (～10 nm) to a completely relaxed thick layer (～150 nm), which can be well explained by the Poisson effect. Raman spectroscopy measurements reveal the complicated correlation between the Jahn–Teller (JT) distortion and film thickness. Important octahedron modes reflecting JT distortion are completely caused by the relaxed layer. It is observed that broad JT bands are formed in the films with large thickness of the relaxed layer and the residual stress in the layer leads to an obvious blue shift. In contrast, for films with the thin relaxed layer, JT modes are present as a sharper structure and move to low frequency, indicating towards a much better oxygen stoichiometry.     

Microstructure and high-temperature corrosion behaviors of aluminide coatings by low-temperature pack aluminizing process

Aluminide coatings were produced on carbon steel and Fe-5Cr-Mo alloy at a relatively lower temperature below 600 °C in shorter treatment time by a combination of surface refinement process and pack aluminizing process. Repetitive ball impact, generated by mechanical vibration, caused the top-layer refinement of substrates in a conventional pack aluminizing process. The effects of temperature and treatment time on the formation of aluminide coatings were analyzed. The microstructure of the coatings was investigated by SEM, AFM and XRD. The aluminide coatings were one-layer, compacted structure with ultrafine grains and uniform elemental distribution. High-temperature oxidation and sulphidation tests were carried out at 600 °C in air for 200 h and 10% SO₂ + Ar gas mixture atmosphere for 50 h, respectively. The mass gains and spallation indicated that the aluminide coatings significantly improved the high-temperature oxidation and sulphidation resistance.     

Deposition of quasi-crystal Al-doped ZnO thin films for photovoltaic device applications

Quasi-crystal aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were prepared by in situ radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering (sputtering without annealing) on glass substrates. The influence of deposition parameters on the optoelectronic and structural properties of the in situ deposited quasi-crystal AZO films was investigated in order to compare resulting samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that the quasi-crystal AZO thin films have excellent crystallization improved with increase of the RF power and substrate temperature, with an extremely preferential c-axis orientation exhibit sharp and narrow XRD pattern similar to that of single-crystal. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images show that quasi-crystal AZO thin films have uniform grains and the grain size increase with the increase of RF power and substrate temperature. Craters of irregular size with the columnar structure are observed in the quasi-crystal AZO thin films at a lower substrate temperature while many spherical shaped grains appeared at a higher substrate temperature. The average optical transmittance of all the quasi-crystal AZO films was over 85% in the 400-800 nm wavelength range. The resistivity of 4.176 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm with the grain size of 76.4891 nm was obtained in the quasi-crystal AZO thin film deposited at 300 °C, under sputtering power of 140 W.     

Core/shell structured ZnO/SiO2 nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic property

ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by a simple chemical synthesis route. Subsequently, SiO₂ layers were successfully coated onto the surface of ZnO nanoparticles to modify the photocatalytic activity in acidic or alkaline solutions. The obtained particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and zeta potential. It was found that ultrafine core/shell structured ZnO/SiO₂ nanoparticles were successfully obtained. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/SiO₂ core/shell structured nanoparticles in Rhodamine B aqueous solution at varied pH value were also investigated. Compared with uncoated ZnO nanoparticles, core/shell structured ZnO/SiO₂ nanoparticles with thinner SiO₂ shell possess improved stability and relatively better photocatalytic activity in acidic or alkaline solutions, which would broaden its potential application in pollutant treatment.     

The optoelectronic properties of silicon films deposited by inductively coupled plasma CVD

Hydrogenated amorphous and microcrystalline silicon films were deposited by inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) at low substrate temperatures using H₂-diluted SiH₄ as a source gas. High-density plasma generated by inductively coupled excitation facilitates the crystallization of silicon films at low temperatures, and microcrystalline silicon films were obtained at the substrate temperature as low as 180 °C. The columnar structure of the films becomes more and more compact with an increase of their crystallinity. The reduction of hydrogen content in the films causes a narrowing of the optical bandgap and an enhancement of the absorption with increasing the substrate temperature. The microcrystalline silicon films show two electronic transport mechanisms: one is related to the density of state distribution in the temperature region near room temperature and the other is the variable range hopping between localized electronic states close to the Fermi level below 170 K. A reasonable explanation is presented for the dependence of the optoelectronic properties on the microstructure of the silicon films. The films prepared at a substrate temperature of 300 °C have highly crystalline and compact columnar structure, high optical absorption coefficient and electrical conductivity, and a low hydrogen content of 3.8%.     

Equilibrium queueing strategies of two types of customers in a two-server queue

We consider a single queue with two identical servers and two types of customers. The high-type customer is more delay-sensitive but brings less workload to the system than the low-type customer. We obtain the equilibrium queueing strategy for each type of customers.     

A class of permutation quadrinomials

In this paper, we investigate the permutation behavior of a class of quadrinomials. Each term of these quadrinomials has a Niho-type exponent, and two sets of coefficient triples making the quadrinomials to be permutations are obtained. We use a substitution to transform the permutation problem into the root distribution problem in the unit circle of certain quadratic and cubic equations.     

Wavelet estimations for mixed densities under multiplicative censoring

Using compactly supported wavelets, Chaubey et al consider L²-risk estimation for mixed density under multiplicative censoring (Chaubey YP, Chesneau C, Doosti H. Adaptive wavelet estimation of a density from mixtures under multiplicative censoring. Statistics, 2015, 49: 638-659). In this paper, we try to discuss L^p-risk (1 ≤ p<∞) estimation for that statistical model of the linear and nonlinear wavelet estimators respectively. Our results can be seen as an extension of the work of Chaubey et al.