β-环糊精修饰的壳聚糖对氯酚吸附的动力学和热力学

制备了β-环糊精(β-CD)修饰的壳聚糖(CS)—β-环糊精-6-壳聚糖(CS-CD), 并用傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱仪, 扫描电镜(SEM), X 射线衍射(XRD)仪和比表面分析仪(BET)进行了表征. 详细研究了其对2-氯酚(2-CP)、2,4-二氯酚(DCP)和2,4,6-三氯酚(TCP)的吸附行为和机理. 研究表明其吸附较好地满足Langmuir 和Freundlich 吸附模型, β-环糊精的引入能够较大地提高吸附效率, 2-CP、DCP和TCP在CS-CD上吸附的最大吸附量分别为14.51、50.68和74.29 mg·g^-1. 动力学研究表明其吸附速率快, 在1 h内能达到吸附平衡, 并符合假二级动力学模型. 计算出了热力学参数ΔG⁰、ΔH⁰和ΔS⁰的值, ΔG⁰为负值表明吸附剂对氯酚的吸附是一个自发的过程. 电解质和溶液pH值对吸附的影响说明在吸附过程中主要是氯酚与吸附剂之间形成了氢键, 并进一步讨论了可能的吸附机理. 改性吸附剂易重复利用, 重复使用六次后的质量和吸附效率与初次相比分别保持在90%和82%以上, 然而CS的质量有较大的损失, 吸附效率也明显降低.     

La1-xSrxMnO3复合氧化物制备、表征和苯完全催化氧化性能

采用柠檬酸络合法合成了一系列La1-xSrxMnO3(x为0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.7和0.9)复合氧化物,并将其用于苯的完全催化氧化. 通过XRD、TPD、TPR等测试技术研究了Sr的加入对稀土复合氧化物结构及氧化-还原性能的影响. 结果表明,对Mn钙钛石体系而言,Sr的加入未产生氧空位,只是提高了Mn离子的价态. 过多Sr的掺杂既影响ABO3结构的形成,也影响Mn4+的氧化-还原性能,同时对苯的完全氧化产生了不利的影响. 实验证明,Sr的加入量为x在0.2～0.3时活性最佳.     

Efficient epoxidation reaction of terminal olefins with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by an iron (II) complex

A highly active iron (II) complex that catalyzed epoxidation of terminal olefins with hydrogen peroxide was described. The catalytic system displayed excellent catalytic ability for the selective oxidation of terminal olefins to epoxides with high selectivity (up to 97.8%) in CH₃CN at 25?°C. The catalytic activity of three similarly structural iron (II) complexes was comparatively studied. The effect of various auxiliary ligands on epoxidation was investigated in detail.     

Comparative studies on hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate catalyzed by short- and long-alkyl-multiamine metallomicelles

Four short- and long-alkyl-multiamine ligands L¹–L⁴ have been synthesized and characterized. The catalytic efficiency of complex CuL¹ and functional metallomicelles CuL²–CuL⁴ were comparatively investigated for the hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) in buffered solution at 30 °C. The ternary kinetic model for metallomicellar catalysis was suggested to analyze the experimental data. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters k^′_N, K_T and pK_a were obtained. The results indicated that the complexes with 1:1 ratio of ligands L²–L⁴ to copper(II) ion were the kinetic active catalysts, and the deprotonized Cu(II) complex formed by activated water molecule was the real active species for BNPP catalytic hydrolysis. The real rate constant of the reaction catalyzed by CuL¹–CuL⁴ was 4.00 × 10⁻⁶, 7.44 × 10⁻⁵, 1.42 × 10⁻⁴ and 4.10 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹, respectively. The effects of ligand and microenvironment on the hydrolytic reaction of BNPP have been discussed in detail.     

La1-xCexSrNiO4(0≤x≤0.7)的合成、表征及Nox分解催化性能的研究

采用柠檬酸法合成了一系列含Ce的La1-xCexSrNiO4,发现Ce在A位的取代量能够达到30%.大量Ce取代La后,不仅改善了无氧条件下对NO分解的活性,还提高了LaSrNiO4在有氧条件下的催化活性.在体积分数为6.0%的O2存在下,La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4对NO分解比活性高达1.58 μmol/(s·m2)(1 123 K),表明La1-xCexSrNiO4是一种很有潜力的NO消除催化剂.     

一类多涡卷混沌吸引子及电路设计

提出了一种产生多涡卷混沌吸引子的方法并给出了相应的电路设计.该方法由若干个分段线性函数构成混沌系统的非线性函数,构造不同的分段数可以获得不同数量的涡卷混沌吸引子.数值仿真和EWB仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性. 关键词： 多涡卷混沌吸引子 分段线性函数 电路设计 电路实验结果     

自函数回归法: 连续一级反应的热动力学研究

根据热动力学基本原理,推导出了连续一级反应热动力学自函数递推方程,从而建立了一种新的连续一级反应的热动力学研究法---自函数回归法.应用该法分别研究了丁二酸二乙酯和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯皂化反应的热动力学。     

Catalytic reduction of NO_x by CO on hydro-talcites-derived mixed oxides Co AIM and MgAlM (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu)

Two series of mixed oxides, CoAlM and MgAlM (M= Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) , were prepared by calcining their corresponding hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLc) . The ratio of Mg: Al: M (or Co: Al: M) was 3:1:1. The catalytic activity of all samples for the reaction of NO CO was investigated. The results showed that the activity of CoAlM was much higher than that of MgAlM. The structure and the property of redox were characterized by XRD and H2-TPR. The results indicated that only MgO phase was observed after calcining MgAlM hydrotalcites, and the transition metals became more stable. The spinel-like phase appeared in all of CoAlM samples after the calcination, and the transition metals were changed to be more active, and easily reduced . The activities of three series of mixed oxides CoAlCu obtained from different preparation methods, different ratio of Co:Al:Cu and at different calcination temperatures, were studied in detail for proposing the mechanism of reaction. The ability of adsorption of NO and CO     

Ni-Ce-O/ZrO2催化剂上甲烷低温催化燃烧

Ni-Ce-O/ZrO2催化剂上甲烷低温催化燃烧;甲烷;催化燃烧;NiO;CeO2     

Schiff碱铜配合物模拟过氧化物酶的研究

两种Schiff碱铜配合物首次作为过氧化物酶的模拟物用于催化过氧化氢氧化苯酚的反应;分析了配合物的特征光谱;研究了Schiff碱铜配合物的催化氧化机理,建立了催化氧化反应动力学数学模型;讨论了过氧化氢／催化剂摩尔比、体系温度、体系pH和胶束微环境对催化反应速率的影响．结果表明：这两种Schiff碱铜配合物在不同的反应条件下均表现出过氧化物酶催化的特征．