量子电动力学—粒子模拟极端等离子体动力学研究

新一代拍瓦激光装置有望将激光强度提升至10²³~10²⁴ W·cm^-2,在此极端强场条件下非线性量子电动力学效应对等离子体动力学过程产生重要影响.相对论电子在强电磁场作用下会同步辐射大量伽马光子,当后者穿过超强电磁场时会级联产生正负电子对.与此同时,这些量子电动力学效应也会反作用于激光等离子体相互作用过程,如辐射阻尼严重影响电子运动过程.为了研究这样极端的等离子体动力学,我们介绍最近几年发展的量子电动力学数值模拟模块,并将其耦合到传统的粒子模拟程序中,即量子电动力学-粒子模拟程序.由于大量新辐射的光子和产生的正负电子对会造成模拟粒子数目的不断增加,我们发展了粒子融合技术来减小模拟规模.利用此量子电动力学-粒子模拟程序,我们对极端强场激光物质相互作用以及极端天体物理现象开展了数值模拟研究.     

通过掺杂柔性二胺单体增强聚酰亚胺性能:分子动力学模拟

聚酰亚胺(PI)被视为一类以其卓越性能而闻名的高性能聚合物材料。传统聚酰亚胺的一个关键问题是其熔体的加工性能较差。在本研究中,设计了一种新的聚酰亚胺单体Am-Di,其特点是由氮原子连接的苯环组成的柔性结构。通过详尽的研究,我们对Am-Di掺杂到聚酰亚胺中对其玻璃化转变温度、均方位移、力学性能和相对介电常数等性质的影响进行了深入探讨。结果表明,在聚酰亚胺体系中,掺杂新型二胺可以加速聚酰亚胺分子链的运动,从而降低聚酰亚胺体系的玻璃化转变温度。在Am-Di掺杂量为20%的情况下,PI-20%表现出最高的弹性模量(4.505Gpa),比纯PI高1.2倍。此外,随着掺杂比例的增加,聚酰亚胺的相对介电常数降低。这些发现表明,Am-Di的掺杂对聚酰亚胺材料的性能具有积极影响,特别是在增强机械性能和调控电气性能方面,为进一步改进聚酰亚胺材料的设计和应用提供了有价值的见解。     

Coupling dynamic characteristics of simplified model for tethered satellite system

Acta Mechanica Sinica - The evolution of the attitude angle and the mechanical energy exchange between the bus system and the solar sail via the connecting wires are the main manifestations of the...     

A Highly Efficient Dimeric Manganese‐Catalyzed Selective Hydroarylation of Internal Alkynes

We have developed a general and site‐predictable manganese‐catalyzed hydroarylation of internal alkynes in the presence of water, under an air atmosphere without the involvement of ligand. The unique catalytic feature of this reaction is highlighted by comparison with other widely used transition metal catalysts including palladium, rhodium, nickel, or copper. The simple operation, high efficiency and excellent functional group compatibility make this protocol practical for more than 90 structurally diverse internal alkynes, overcoming the influence of both electronic and steric effect of alkynes. Its exclusive regio‐ and chemoselectivity originates from the unique reactivity of the manganese‐based catalyst towards an inherent double controlled strategy of sterically hindered propargyl alcohols without the installing of external directing groups. Its synthetic robustness and practicality have been illustrated by the concise synthesis of bervastatin, a hypolipidemic drug, and late‐stage modification of complex alkynes with precise regioselectivity.     

光泵THz激光器复合型输出耦合镜的设计和研究

阐述了平行和楔形衬底复合型输出耦合镜(HOC)的反射率、透射率和损耗的计算方法,特别引入了品质因子进行损耗分析,可正确评价HOC质量的优劣。模拟了楔形衬底中楔角的变化对F-P效应调制的改善程度,楔角增大到0.3°时,HOC的透射率对波长和衬底厚度的微小变化不再敏感。楔形衬底使输出THz光斑在y方向上发生畸变,但0.3°楔角时输出光斑仍可保持较好的高斯形状。     

Smart supramolecular vesicles based on glutathione-reactive pillar[6]arene and acid-labile prodrug: Dual drug loading and sequential release

Glutathione thiol-reactive pillar[6]arene (TWP6) is designed and synthesized as the first example of reducing agent-reactive host molecule. TWP6 shows high affinity binding towards suitable anti-tumor drugs and guests. Doxorubicin-based acid-labile prodrugs and TWP6 are used to construct supramolecular vesicles, which are also loaded with camptothecin. The supramolecular vesicles loaded with two drugs demonstrate glutathione- and acid-responsive drug release as well as sequential release to both stimuli types. Supramolecular vesicles show combination therapeutic effect towards tumor cells in vitro.     

小波降噪技术在差分吸收光谱浓度检测中的应用

为了实现对工业气体SO₂的浓度进行监控,基于紫外差分吸收光谱法开发了SO₂在线检测系统。针对系统噪声和Mie散射使吸收光谱叠加带来的误差,本文提出采用小波变换降噪技术代替传统光谱处理方法中的多项式平滑滤波技术来提高检测精度。通过对应用了Symlets、Daubechies、Coiflet和Biorthogonal这4种不同小波函数的实验数据分析和对传统小波阈值选取方式的改进,最终确定了基于rigisure阈值的小波阈值去噪的信号处理方法,并提出一种新的信噪比量来衡量信号处理的效果。这种方法可以快速可靠地处理光谱信号,处理后所得的监测浓度准确度基本控制在1.5%以内。在实验室环境下和工业现场环境下的大量实验结果表明本方法能有效的减小噪声对SO₂浓度监测带来的影响。     

基于Shan-Chen模型的格子Boltzmann方法在微流动模拟研究中的应用

对格子Boltzmann方法的本质及Shan-Chen模型的核心机制进行了全面阐述, 并从应用实例角度对基于Shan-Chen模型的格子Boltzmann方法在微流动模拟方面的有效性、适应性进行了详细分析. 结果表明, Shan-Chen模型易于耦合微观条件下占主导作用的微观力, 拓宽了格子Boltzmann方法在微流动模拟方面的应用. 同时, Shan-Chen模型在润湿性边界条件表征方面的优势, 使得这种方法在微结构表面的滑移效应模拟方面具有很好的应用前景.