Diphasic dialysis extraction technique for clenbuterol determination in bovine retina by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Summary A method is described for the extraction of clebuterol from bovine retina samples by diphasic dialysis using gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as the procedure of determination. Following chemical digestion of retinal tissue in alkaline medium at 80°C, clenbuterol is extracted by diphasic dialysis using diethyl ether as solvent at 37°C, for 4 h at 150 rpm. Diethyl ether is evaporated to dryness and clenbuterol determined by GC-MS after butylboronic acid (BBA) derivatization. A detection limit of 2.5 ng g⁻¹, repeatability of 9.0% and reproducibility of 22.9%, with recoveries always >86% (n=5), are achieved as validation criteria.     

钕和镧离子对tRNA圆二色谱的影响

采用圆二色谱方法对钕和镧离子与转移核糖核酸间的相互作用进行了研究,结果显示在1.5～6 μmol/L Nd³⁺或La³⁺离子存在下,tRNA分子CD谱260 nm(+)峰蓝移2～3 nm, 260 nm(+)峰值分别增加6%和20%左右;210 nm(-)峰在不同摩尔比Nd³⁺/tRNA作用下,谱峰蓝移或红移,峰值增加或降低50%左右。结果说明结合在tRNA分子上的Nd³⁺或La³⁺可能引起tRNA分子构象的变化。Eu³⁺对大肠杆菌LeuRS或tRNA^Leu-LeuRS复合物的CD谱具有一定的影响。     

羟自由基(OH)、超氧阴离子(O2-)与线粒体低水平化学发光相关性的研究

以线粒体为模式体系,研究了低水平化学发光的过程和机制。实验发现在一定浓度范围(蛋白0-100毫克/毫升)内,线粒体悬液的发光是随浓度的升高而增强。最适宜的测量条件为35℃和pH=7.A.注入外源性^·OH和^·OH的清除剂证实,OH可起动脂质过氧化反应,且¹O₂是构成发光的体内光子源。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对线粒体发光有调节作用。     

七个倍半萜2-亚甲基-r-内酯的同二色散的研究

Using sesquiterpene lactone rule, the absolute configurations of seven sesquiterpene α-methylene-γ-lactones were confirmed. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, 7 are cis-fused γ-lactones, and compound 5 is trans-fused γ-lactone.     

ρ*混合相依变量的完全收敛性

设{Yi;-∞＜I＜∞}是同分布的ρ*混合随机变量序列,{ai;-∞＜I＜∞}是绝对可加的实数序列,{Xnk;1≤k≤n,n≥1}是行内随机变量为ρ*混合的随机变量组列,令Cnk=EXnkI{|Xnk|≤n1/p}.在适当的条件下建立了{n∑k=1∞∑I=-∞ai+kYi/nα;n≥1}和{n∑k=1(Xnk-Cnk)/n1/p;n≥1)}的完全收敛性.     

Two Alkali Metal Germanophosphates Na3[Ge(OH)(PO4)2]·2H2O and Li2Na[GeO(HPO4)(PO4)]:Crystal Structures and Thermal Stability

Two new alkali metal germanophosphates,namely,Na₃[Ge(OH)(PO₄)₂]·2 H2 O and Li₂Na[GeO(HPO₄)(PO₄)],have been prepared by solvothermal method,and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The title two compounds crystalize in the same orthorhombic space group Pbcm(No.57)and feature similar chain-like structure which is built from zig-zag GeO₆ octahedral thread loop branched by PO₄ tetrahedra.For Na₃[Ge(OH)(PO₄)₂]·2 H₂O,a=10.1650(9),b=13.1975(12),c=6.9751(7)?,V=935.73(15)?³,Z=4,R=0.0356 and wR=0.1109;and for Li₂Na[GeO(HPO₄)(PO₄)],a=6.9855(5),b=14.5809(18),c=6.6620(5)?,V=678.56(11)?³,Z=4,R=0.0286,and w R=0.0762.The partial substitution of Na ions by Li ions not only significantly influences the total structural features and the water molecule contents,but also impacts on their thermal stabilities.Li₂Na[GeO(HPO₄)(PO₄)]is thermally stable up to 400℃,whereas only 150℃ for Na₃[Ge(OH)(PO₄)₂]·2 H2 O.     

Protease Produced by Endophytic Fungi: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the available literature of production, purification, and characterization of proteases by endophytic fungi. There are few complete studies that entirely exhibit the production, characterization, and purification of proteases from endophytic fungi. This study followed the PRISMA, and the search was conducted on five databases: PubMed, PMC, Science Direct, Scopus Articles, and Web of Science up until 18 May 2021, with no time or language restrictions. The methodology of the selected studies was evaluated using GRADE. Protease production, optimization, purification, and characterization were the main evaluated outcomes. Of the 5540 initially gathered studies, 15 met the inclusion criteria after a two-step selection process. Only two studies optimized the protease production using statistical design and two reported enzyme purification and characterization. The genus Penicillium and Aspergillus were the most cited among the eleven different genera of endophytic fungi evaluated in the selected articles. Six studies proved the ability of some endophytic fungi to produce fibrinolytic proteases, demonstrating that endophytic fungi can be exploited for the further production of agents used in thrombolytic therapy. However, further characterization and physicochemical studies are required to evaluate the real potential of endophytic fungi as sources of industrial enzymes.     

NEWTON–GMRES ALGORITHM APPLIED TO COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS

This paper addresses the resolution of non-linear problems arising from an implicit time discretization in CFD problems. We study the convergence of the Newton–GMRES algorithm with a Jacobian approximated by a finite difference scheme and with restarting in GMRES. In our numerical experiments we observe, as predicted by the theory, the impact of the matrix-free approximations. A second-order scheme clearly improves the convergence in the Newton process.     

The influence of the transition metal and the heteroatomic-bridge on the action of metallocene/methyl aluminoxane catalysts in ethylene polymerization and on the properties of the polymer

This work reports a comparative study of the catalytic behaviour for a series of metallocenes derived from Ti, Zr, Hf and Nb, which after activation with methylaluminoxane can polymerize ethylene. Results show that the Zr metallocene with a  (CH₃)₂Si Bridge presents the highest activity, and the metallocenes based on Hf and Nb do not show any significant activity under the tested conditions.