基于可靠性增长的硬件产品保修期优化

针对硬件产品全面生产和使用过程中存在的可靠性增长,应用上一代各批次产品售后故障数据建立描述同代各批次产品之间可靠性增长规律的AMSAA模型,并将该模型应用于预测下一代产品的可靠性水平。以此为基础,构建由指数形式保修效益函数和线性形式保修费用函数组成的保修利益目标函数,企业售后维修成本为约束条件的保修期优化模型,设计产品的最优保修期。家用空调的算例分析验证了方法的可行性,与以试生产阶段产品达到的可靠性水平确定的保修期相比,该方法充分挖掘了产品的质量改进潜能,所设计的保修期有显著延长。更多还原     

关于脆性岩体岩爆成因的理论分析

大型工程开挖中,高地应力环境下高储能脆性岩体通常会通过脆性破裂快速释放应变能,产生岩爆。针对这类岩爆现象进行了一系列理论探讨,认为:(1)开挖条件下脆性岩体的岩爆破坏主要为张破裂或者张剪性破裂,破裂角一般较小,呈薄片状或刀口状。笔者认为开挖产生次生张应力和压剪应力条件下微裂纹裂尖出现张应力是可能的,因此采用格里菲斯强度理论研究开挖岩体破裂是有效的; (2)以格里菲斯强度理论为基础,分析了岩体在二维和三维情形下的岩爆破裂应力判据和破裂角,指出在有张应力的条件下,岩体的剪破裂角会减小,直至为零,这就解释了开挖面附近薄片状、刀口状破裂现象的原因; (3)分析了脆性岩体岩爆破裂的能量过程,指出张性破裂所耗能量较小,而张剪性和压剪性破裂耗能较高。认为岩爆破裂消耗的能量主要转化为新生裂纹的表面能和破裂碎片的动能,并指出表面能所占比例较动能为小。由此解释了脆性岩体岩爆破坏以动力效应为主的特征; (4)本文理论分析成果的工程应用价值在于:可以预示开挖脆性岩体破裂部位、破裂方式和破裂范围; 提出岩爆破裂的张性应力控制依据。     

在以Cu/Re镀膜为过渡层的铁衬底上沉积金刚石膜

本文采用热丝ＣＶＤ法在以Ｃｕ／Ｒｅ镀膜为过渡层的铁衬底上沉积金刚石薄膜,研究了以Ｒｅ作为铁衬底上沉积金刚石膜的过渡层的制备工艺及其对沉积金刚石膜的影响。实验结果表明：在铁 底上难以直接镀上铼膜,但 铜上镀铼比铁衬底上镀铼要容易得多,且镀铼层质量好。以Ｃｕ／Ｒｅ复合膜为过渡层,以巴基管为成核剂可以在铁衬底上沉积出质量很好的金刚石膜。     

X射线衍射法测定滑石粉中石棉成分

使用X射线衍射法,通过石棉的2θ特征峰进行判断,分析滑石粉中可能存在的石棉成分。结果表明,样品中不含温石棉、铁石棉和青石棉,并对温石棉和绿泥石进行了有效区分。方法快速,灵敏,可有效用于滑石粉中石棉的测定。     

Keteniminium-Driven Umpolung Difunctionalization of Ynamides

A three-component Pd-catalyzed coupling of ynamides, aryl diazonium salts, and aryl boronic acids for the synthesis of novel triaryl-substituted enamides is described. This transformation represents the first example of an umpolung regioselective unsymmetrical syn-1,2-diarylation/aryl-olefination of ynamides. The aryl moieties of the diazonium salt (electrophile) and boronic acid (nucleophile) are explicitly incorporated in the electrophilic α- and nucleophilic β-position, respectively, of the ynamide, resulting in a single isomer of the N-bearing tetrasubstituted olefin. The scope is broad (68 examples), showing excellent functional-group tolerance. DFT calculations substantiate the rationale of the mechanistic cycle and the regioselectivity. The chemoselectivity and synthetic potential of the enamide products were also studied.     

Tetra-β-nitro-substituted phthalocyanines: a new organic electrode material for lithium batteries

Tetra-β-nitro-substituted nickel phthalocyanine (TN-NiPc) and hollow phthalocyanine (TN-H₂Pc) were synthesized and investigated as novel organic electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. After the two H atoms in the center of TN-H₂Pc were replaced with Ni atoms, the interactive force between the phthalocyanine rings was reduced, which resulted in a fluffy morphology for the TN-NiPc that was beneficial to the transition of Li⁺. As a result, better electrochemical properties and reversibility were observed in the TN-NiPc electrodes compared to the TN-H₂Pc electrode. The capacity of TN-NiPc electrode was stable at about 280 mAh g^?1 at 0.2 C after 250 cycles at several different current rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1 C. The TN-NiPc based cathode materials may provide new opportunities for organic, flexible, and stable secondary lithium batteries.

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Graphical Abstract The TN-NiPc electrode shows better electrochemical properties than that of TN-H ₂ Pc electrode, which is due to the strong hydrogen bond interaction and π-π interaction of TN-H ₂ Pc molecules, resulting in more dense stacking degree of the phthalocyanine ring and restricting the transport of Li⁺ .

     

汽车多自由度悬架的非线性振动特性

以研究主、副簧组成的悬架系统出发,建立了分段线性非线性悬架系统的动力学模型,运用KB方法求出了此类系统运动的解析解。其幅频响应曲线表明,当缓冲簧间隙适当时,系统非线性特征十分明显,相当于一种缓冲器的趋硬弹簧的作用。同时讨论了非线性弹簧刚度、阻尼系数、地面不平度对共振曲线的影响,分析了轮胎的等效刚度、阻尼系数和质量对系统振动的影响,得到了此类主、副簧组成的悬架结构的运动形式及特征。由理论分析和数值计算画出的幅频特性曲线基本吻合,可为汽车悬架系统的分段线性非线性振动的参数识别、稳定区域的分析研究和优化设计提供理论依据。     

Arsenic speciation in saliva of acute promyelocytic leukemia patients undergoing arsenic trioxide treatment

Arsenic trioxide has been successfully used as a therapeutic in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Detailed monitoring of the therapeutic arsenic and its metabolites in various accessible specimens of APL patients can contribute to improving treatment efficacy and minimizing arsenic-induced side effects. This article focuses on the determination of arsenic species in saliva samples from APL patients undergoing arsenic treatment. Saliva samples were collected from nine APL patients over three consecutive days. The patients received 10 mg arsenic trioxide each day via intravenous infusion. The saliva samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Monomethylarsonous acid and monomethylmonothioarsonic acid were identified along with arsenite, dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid, and arsenate. Arsenite was the predominant arsenic species, accounting for 71.8 % of total arsenic in the saliva. Following the arsenic infusion each day, the percentage of methylated arsenicals significantly decreased, possibly suggesting that the arsenic methylation process was saturated by the high doses immediately after the arsenic infusion. The temporal profiles of arsenic species in saliva following each arsenic infusion over 3 days have provided information on arsenic exposure, metabolism, and excretion. These results suggest that saliva can be used as an appropriate clinical biomarker for monitoring arsenic species in APL patients.

重庆市区域稳定性层次分析模糊综合评价

重庆直辖市建立后 ,其幅员面积由原来的 2 .3万km2 扩大到 8.2万km2 ,原有资源与环境数据已不能满足政府决策的需要 ,因而比较系统地分析评价区域稳定性对重庆直辖市经济发展中长期规划、重大工程选址与布局及移民搬迁 ,实现可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。本文在前人工作的基础上 ,利用层次分析两级模糊综合评判的方法对重庆直辖市全境进行了区域稳定性评价工作 ,编制了区域稳定性评价图。     

基于剩余推力法的地震滑坡永久位移研究

基于剩余推力法思想 ,结合Newmark有限滑动位移法 ,考虑了由于动力作用造成的孔隙水压力变化 ,对一种最为常见的边坡灾害—滑坡 ,提出了一种简便的估算地震动力永久位移的方法。对一实例用该法和快速拉格朗日元 (FLAC3D)进行对比计算 ,结果表明两者的结果基本接近 ,前者要保守一些。这就使得应用剩余推力法这一常规方法对滑坡进行真正意义上的动力时程分析成为可能.