Synthese und Struktur hochfunktionalisierter 2, 3‐Dihydro‐1H‐1, 3, 2‐diazaborole

Synthesis and Structure of Highly Functionalized 2, 3‐Dihydro‐1H‐1, 3, 2‐diazaboroles A series of differently substituted 2, 3‐dihydro‐1H‐1, 3, 2‐diazaboroles has been prepared by various methods. 1, 3‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐trimethylsilylmethyl‐1H‐1, 3, 2‐diazaborole ( 7 ), 2‐isobutyl‐1, 3‐bis(1‐cyclohexylethyl)‐1H‐1, 3, 2‐diazaborole ( 8 ), 1, 3‐bis‐(1‐cyclohexylethyl)‐2‐trimethylsilylmethyl‐1H‐1, 3, 2‐diazaborole ( 9 ) 1, 3‐bis(1‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐propyl)‐2‐trimethylsilylmethyl‐1H‐1, 3, 2diazaborole ( 10 ) and 2‐bromo‐1, 3‐bis(1‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐propyl)‐1H‐1, 3, 2‐diazaborole ( 11 ) were formed by reaction of the corresponding 1, 4‐diazabutadienes with the boranes Me₃SiCH₂BBr₂, iBuBBr₂ and BBr₃ followed by reduction of the resulting borolium salts [R¹ = tBu, Me(cHex)CH, [Me(Et)Ph]C; R² = Me₃SiCH₂, iBu, Br] with sodium amalgam. Treatment of 11 and 12 with silver cyanide afforded the 2‐cyano‐1, 3, 2‐diazaboroles 13 and 14 . An alternative route to compound 8 is based on the alkylation of 2‐bromo‐1, 3, 2‐diazaborole 12 with isobutyllithium. Equimolar amounts of 13 and isobutyllithium give rise to the formation of 15 . The new compounds were characterized by ¹H‐, ¹³C‐, ¹¹B‐NMR, IR and mass spectra. The molecular structures of 7 and meso ‐10 were confirmed by x‐ray structural analysis.     

A New Chemo‐Enzymatic Route to Side‐Chain Liquid‐Crystalline Polymers: The Synthesis and Polymerization of 6‐(4‐Methoxybiphenyl‐4′‐oxy)hexyl Vinyl Hexanedioate

A novel synthetic method combining chemo and enzymatic synthesis strategies was employed to prepare a vinyl acetate type monomer, 6‐(4‐methoxybiphenyl‐4′‐oxy)hexyl vinyl hexanedioate (VA‐LC). Homo‐ and copolymers of VA‐LC with maleic anhydride (MAn) were prepared by conventional free radical polymerization using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and 1,1′‐azobis (cyclohexane carbonitrile) (AHCN) as an initiator at 95 and 60 °C, respectively. The thermal properties of the generated polymeric material were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the optical texture was inspected by polarizing optical microscopy (POM). While the monomer VA‐LC does not exhibit liquid‐crystalline properties, poly(VA‐LC), and the alternating copolymer of VA‐LC with maleic anhydride both displayed such properties.

     

Synthesis and Structure of K[Cd(O2N‐C6H4‐NNN‐C6H4‐NO2)3], an Anionic 1, 3‐Bis(4‐nitrophenyl)triazenido Complex of Cadmium

The reaction of cadmium acetate in methanol with 1, 3‐bis(4‐nitrophenyl)triazene in THF in the presence of KOH yields K[Cd(O₂NC₆H₄NNNC₆H₄NO₂)₃] in form of hexagonal prismatic, red crystals with the trigonal space group R3¯ and a = 12.229(2), c = 48.988(10) Å and Z = 6. In the anionic cadmium complexes, which are located along the threefold axis, the Cd atoms are coordinated in a trigonal prismatic arrangement by the atoms N(1) and N(3) of three triazenido ligands. The potassium cations are coordinated icosahedrally by oxygen atoms of each one nitro group of six neighbouring anionic complexes. The Cd‐N distances are 2.376(4) and 2.350(4) Å, and the K‐O distances are in the range of 2.833(6) to 3.365(6) Å.     

Reactions of 2-pyridylphenylacetonitrile and 1,2-dicyano-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-di(2-pyridyl)ethane with cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) chlorides and copper(II) bromide

Summary 2-Pyridylphenylacetonitrile (ppa) is oxidized by copper(II) halides in 1,2-dichloroethane to 1,2-dicyano-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-di(2-pyridyl)ethane (dcppe), yielding 41 complexes of dcppe with copper(II) dihalide, [CuX₂(dcppe)₄] (green). Nickel(II) and zinc(II) chlorides react with ppa giving complexes of a general formula [MCl₂(ppa)₂].Dcppe reacts with copper(II), zinc(II) chlorides and copper(II) bromide yielding complexes of formulae [CuCl₂(dcppe)₄] (yellow), [ZnCl₂(dcppe)₂] and [CuBr₂(dcppe)]. No reaction is observed with cobalt(II) and nickel(II) chlorides.     

Pillar[n]arenes: Chemistry and Their Material Applications

Background Pillar[n]arene(PA[n])contains a symmetrical structures,where para-bridge connection between the units looks like a column-like or pillar shape and polygonal structure from side and top views,respectively.The attached groups to the PA[n]are pointing towards the opposite directions along the columnar axis.     

Rose Bengal‐Sensitized Photooxidation of the Dipeptides l‐Tryptophyl‐l‐Phenylalanine,l‐Tryptophyl‐l‐Tyrosine and l‐Tryptophyl‐l‐Tryptophan: Kinetics,Mechanism and Photoproducts¶

The Rose Bengal‐sensitized photooxidations of the dipeptides l ‐tryptophyl‐l ‐phenylalanine (Trp‐Phe), l ‐tryptophyl‐l ‐tyrosine (Trp‐Tyr) and l ‐tryptophyl‐l ‐tryptophan (Trp‐Trp) have been studied in pH 7 water solution using static photolysis and time‐resolved methods. Kinetic results indicate that the tryptophan (Trp) moiety interacts with singlet molecular oxygen (O₂(¹Δ_g)) both through chemical reaction and through physical quenching, and that the photooxidations can be compared with those of equimolecular mixtures of the corresponding free amino acids, with minimum, if any, influence of the peptide bond on the chemical reaction. This is not a common behavior in other di‐ and polypeptides of photooxidizable amino acids. The ratio between chemical (k_r) and overall (k_t) rate constants for the interaction O₂(¹Δ_g)‐dipeptide indicates that Trp‐Phe and Trp‐Trp are good candidates to suffer photodynamic action, with k_rlk_t values of 0.72 and 0.60, respectively (0.65 for free Trp). In the case of Trp‐Tyr, a lower k_rlk_t value (0.18) has been found, likely as a result of the high component of physical deactivation of O₂(¹Δ_g) by the tyrosine moiety. The analysis of the photooxidation products shows that the main target for O₂(¹Δ_g) attack is the Trp group and suggests a much lower accumulation of kynurenine‐type products, as compared with free Trp. This is possibly because of the occurrence of another accepted alternative pathway of oxidation that gives rise to 3a‐oxidized hydrogenated pyrrolo[2,3‐b]indoles.     

Synthesis and Characterization of p—[Perfluoro—1—（2—fluorosulfonylethoxy）]ethylated Polystyrene

A new fluorinated polystyrene bearing a p-sulbstiuted perfluoro[1-(2-fluorosulfonylethoxy)]ethyl group was synthesized via one-electron oxidation of polystyrene by perfluoro[2-(2-fluorosulfonylethoxy)]propionyl peroxide at different peroxide to polystyrene molar ratios.The yield of perfluoroalkylation decreases with the increase of the reactant molar ratio.The modified polymer has been characterized by various techniques:the ring pefluoro[1-(2-fluorosulfonylethoxy)]ethylation has been proved by FT-IR and ^19FNMR;the X-ray photoelectron spectra(XPS) show the maximum binding energy of F18,O18,C18(two kinds of carbon atoms,namely C-H and C-F)and S2p,respectively; desulfonylation of the fluorinated polystyrene appearing at 217℃ has been found by its thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).The determinations of contact angle,refractive index and glass transition temperature of the modified polymer have disclosed that when the contact angle increases with the increase of the molar ratio,the refractive index and glass transition temperature decrease.The polydispersity values indicate that the degradation of the polymer chains did not occur during the reaction.     

Achiral Calcium‐Oxalate Crystals with Chiral Morphology from the Leaves of Some Solanacea Plants

The leaves of some plants, particularly among the Solanacea, contain crystals of calcium oxalate with a peculiar chiral pseudo‐tetrahedral morphology, even though the calcium oxalate crystal structure is centrosymmetric, hence achiral. We studied the morphology of these crystals extracted from the leaves of three Solanacea plants: the potato, the hot pepper, and a species of wild Solanum. The crystal morphology was the same in all three species. Based on the examination of more than 100 crystals from each plant, we showed that the crystal morphology is chiral with invariant chirality. We suggest that morphological chirality is induced by macromolecules during nucleation from a specific, genetically encoded crystal plane, and is further established during subsequent controlled crystal growth. This is one of few examples where it is possible to deduce a molecular mechanism for biologically induced breaking of morphological symmetry in organisms. A very high level of recognition is required by the macromolecules to allow them to distinguish between symmetry‐related crystal planes. It is also surprising that this finely controlled mechanism of crystal formation, including the chiral morphology, has been conserved during evolution.     

Electrochemical Immunoassay for Carbohydrate Antigen‐125 Based on Polythionine and Gold Hollow Microspheres Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes

A new electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of carbohydrate antigen‐125 (CA125), a carcinoma antigen, was developed by immobilization CA125 antibody (anti‐CA125) on gold hollow microspheres and porous polythionine (PTH) modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). The gold hollow microspheres provided a biocompatible microenvironment for proteins, and greatly amplified the coverage of anti‐CA125 molecules on the electrode surface. The performance and factors influencing the immunosensor were investigated in detail. The detection is based on the current change before and after the antigen‐antibody interaction. Under optimal conditions, the amperometric changes were proportional to CA125 concentration ranging from 4.5 to 36.5 U/mL with a detection limit of 1.3 U/mL (at 3σ). The CA125 immunosensor exhibited good precision, high sensitivity, acceptable stability, accuracy and reproducibility. The as‐prepared immunosensors were used to analyze CA125 in human serum specimens. Analytical results suggest that the developed immunoassay has a promising alternative approach for detecting CA125 in the clinical diagnosis.