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71.
A simple, one-pot procedure that converts 5,15-substituted porphyrins into the corresponding meso-formylated porphyrins has been developed. The method, based on a new synthetic concept for functionalized porphyrins utilizing the (2-pyridyldimethylsilyl)methyl group as a latent formyl functionality, affords the desired product in good yield and is especially appropriate for the direct formylation of free base porphyrins, which has never been achieved by known methods. 相似文献
72.
The dynamics of electron adducts of 2'-deoxynucleotides and oligonucelotides (ODNs) were measured spectroscopically by nanosecond pulse radiolysis. The radical anions of the nucleotides were produced within 10 ns by the reaction of hydrated electrons (e(aq)(-)) and were protonated to form the corresponding neutral radicals. At pH 7.0, the radical anion of deoxythymidine (dT(*-)) was protonated to form the neutral radical dT(H)(*) in the time range of microseconds. The rate constant for the protonation was determined as 1.8 x 10(10) M(-1) s(-1). In contrast, the neutral radical of dC(H)(*) was formed immediately after the pulse, suggesting that the protonation occurs within 10 ns. The transient spectra of excess electrons of the double-stranded ODNs 5'-TAATTTAATAT-3' (AT) and 5'-CGGCCCGGCGC-3' (GC) differed from those of pyrimidine radicals (C and T) and their composite. In contrast, the spectra of the electron adducts of the single-stranded ODNs GC and AT exhibited characteristics of C and T, respectively. These results suggest that, in duplex ODNs, the spectral intermediates of G-C and A-T anions complex were formed. On the microsecond time scale, the subsequent changes in absorbance of the ODN AT had a first-order rate constant of 4 x 10(4) s(-1), reflecting the protonation of T. 相似文献
73.
Norihiro Tokitoh Keiji Wakita Takeshi Matsumoto Takahiro Sasamori Renji Okazaki Nozomi Takagi Masahiro Kimura Shigeru Nagase 《中国化学会会志》2008,55(3):487-507
Stable silabenzenes ( 1a; R = Tbt, 1b; R = Bbt) were synthesized by taking advantage of extremely bulky and efficient steric protection groups, 2,4,6‐tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (Tbt) and 2,6‐bis‐[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]‐4‐[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (Bbt). The structure of Tbt‐substituted 1a was determined by X‐ray crystallographic analysis, which demonstrated the complete delocalization of the π‐electrons of the silabenzene ring. It was found that silabenzene 1a reacted with C–C and C–O multiple bond compounds to give the corresponding [4+2]‐cycloadducts via 1,4‐addition, while 1a underwent both 1,2‐ and 1,4‐additions by the reaction with methanol. Silabenzene 1a dimerized very gradually to afford its [4+2]‐dimer, although 1b showed no change under the same conditions. Photochemical reaction of 1a gave the corresponding silabenzvalene isomer instead of the Dewar silabenzene isomer. 相似文献
74.
Photoinduced electron-transfer reactions and magnetic field effects (MFEs) on the decay rates of the photogenerated biradical in a phenothiazine (Ph)–C60 linked compound with a biphenyl group (Ph(BP)C60) were examined in benzonitrile and benzene. Fluorescence and transient absorption spectra indicate that the intramolecular electron-transfer for Ph(BP)C60 from the Ph to the singlet or triplet excited state of C60 was suppressed by the biphenyl group. The decay rates of the photogenerated biradical decreased in the 0–0.2 T magnetic field range and increased in the 0.2–1 T magnetic field range. The reverse phenomena of the MFEs in Ph(BP)C60 were strongly enhanced with increasing temperature and similar to those in Ph(n)C60 (n = 6?12). The MFEs in Ph(BP)C60 can be governed by spin-lattice relaxation and/or spin-spin relaxation mechanisms as observed in Ph(n)C60 (n = 6?12). Time-resolved EPR spectra of Ph(BP)C60 showed absorption, emission, absorption and emission patterns, and are quite different from those in Ph(n)C60 (n = 4?12). The result indicates that the magnitude and distribution of the exchange interaction |2J| in Ph(BP)C60 are smaller than those in Ph(n)C60 (n = 4?12) and charge recombination occurs in the inverted region because the sign of the J is positive. 相似文献
75.
Ryuhei Tsuji 《The Journal of mathematical sociology》2013,37(1-2):17-34
Friedkin and Johnsen's interpersonal influence model (Friedkin, 1999; Friedkin and Johnsen, 1999) does not specify the mechanism of social influence, how they affect each other. I introduce some social psychological theories and bring those into Friedkin's model so that the emergence of social influence through the social psychological process is clearly described. At the same time, the possibility of reactance against the persuasion is introduced. Reactance plays a role for the people in the group to have similar but not identical attitudes. 相似文献
76.
A 2.75-approximation algorithm is proposed for the unconstrained traveling tournament problem, which is a variant of the traveling tournament problem. For the unconstrained traveling tournament problem, this is the first proposal of an approximation algorithm with a constant approximation ratio. In addition, the proposed algorithm yields a solution that meets both the no-repeater and mirrored constraints. Computational experiments show that the algorithm generates solutions of good quality. 相似文献
77.
Ryuhei Nakamura Dr. Kazuyuki Ishii Prof. Dr. Kazuhito Hashimoto Prof. Dr. 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2009,48(9):1606-1608
Shewanella is an electrogenic microbe that has significant content of c type cytochromes (ca. 0.5 mM ). This feature allows the optical absorption spectra of the cell‐membrane‐associated proteins to be monitored in vivo in the course of extracellular respiratory electron‐transfer reactions. The results show significant differences to those obtained in vitro with purified proteins.
78.
A variety of 3-substituted benzisoxazoles were reduced with hydrogen using the chiral ruthenium catalyst, {RuCl(p-cymene)[(R,R)-(S,S)-PhTRAP]}Cl. The ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation proceeded in high yield in the presence of an acylating agent, affording α-substituted o-hydroxybenzylamines with up to 57% ee. In the catalytic transformation, the N-O bond of the benzisoxazole substrate is reductively cleaved by the ruthenium complex under the hydrogenation conditions. The C-N double bond of the resulting imine is saturated stereoselectively through the PhTRAP-ruthenium catalysis. The hydrogenation produces chiral primary amines, which may work as catalytic poisons, however, the amino group of the hydrogenation product is rapidly acylated when the reaction is conducted in the presence of an appropriate acylating agent, such as Boc?O or Cbz-OSu. 相似文献
79.
Okuma K Koda M Maekawa S Shioji K Inoue T Kurisaki T Wakita H Yokomori Y 《Organic & biomolecular chemistry》2006,4(14):2745-2752
The reaction of adamantane-2-thione with propiolic acid afforded a novel type of cycloadduct, spiro[adamantane-2,2'-6'H-[1,3]-oxathiin]-6'-one (3a), in quantitative yield. The reaction of thiobenzophenone with propiolic acid gave 2,2-diphenyl-6'H-[1,3]-oxathiin]-6'-one and 4-phenyl-3-thia-3,4-dihydronaphthoic acid in 34% and 35% yields, respectively. The reaction might proceed through a concerted process, as confirmed by kinetics. The reaction of adamantane-2-thione with 2-butynoic acid or phenylpropiolic acid gave the corresponding adducts regioselectively. Interestingly, only one isomer was obtained by the reaction of thiofenchone with propiolic acid, suggesting that the reaction proceeded diastereospecifically. Oxidation of adducts by dimethyldioxirane or m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid gave the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones. The sulfoxides were thermally decomposed to give disulfide or another type of 1,3-oxathiin-6-one. 相似文献
80.
Dr. Ryo Shintani Ryuhei Fujie Dr. Momotaro Takeda Prof. Dr. Kyoko Nozaki 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(25):6546-6549
A potassium‐bis(trimethylsilyl)amide‐mediated cyclopropanation of allyl phosphates with silylboronates has been developed. Unlike the reported copper‐catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, the nucleophile selectively attacks at the β‐position of the allylic substrates under the present reaction conditions. The mechanism of this process has also been investigated, thus indicating the involvement of a silylpotassium species as the active nucleophilic component. 相似文献