On Polynomial Functions over Finite Commutative Rings

Let R be an arbitrary finite commutative local ring. In this paper, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a function over R to be a polynomial function. Before this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for a function to be a polynomial function over some special finite commutative local rings were obtained.     

水力机械内鲤鱼草鱼的压力损伤模拟试验

通过试验人工模拟水力机械内压力变化过程,测量压力时间变化,观察并解剖分析不同压力变化过程对鲤鱼和草鱼造成损伤的情况。试验发现,负压状态下的压力变化过程会对鱼的生存构成直接威胁,并得到了新型环保水力机械设计中应采用的压力时变导数极限值。     

Dynamical Convergence Trajectory in Networks

It is well known that topology and dynamics are two major aspects to determine the function of a network. We study one of the dynamic properties of a network： trajectory convergence, i.e. how a system converges to its steady state. Using numerical and analytical methods, we show that in a logical-like dynamical model, the occurrence of convergent trajectory in a network depends mainly on the type of the fixed point and the ratio between activation and inhibition links. We analytically proof that this property is induced by the competition between two types of state transition structures in phase space： tree-like transition structure and star-like transition structure. We show that the biological networks, such as the cell cycle network in budding yeast, prefers the tree-like transition structures and suggest that this type of convergence trajectories may be universal.     

空间非相干多分量光束构成的非相干耦合屏蔽孤子对

两束本身具有空间非相干性的非相干多分量光束可以在光折变介质中形成非相干耦合 屏蔽孤子对，利用相干密度法得到了亮 亮、暗 暗型耦合孤子对的解，并研究了构成 非相干孤子对分量光束的相干组分的传播特性. 关键词： 空间非相干多分量光束 耦合孤子对 相干密度 相干组分     

Writing Fiber Grating of Different Wavelength Using the Same Phase Mask

Chirped fiber grating was used in dispersion compensator. We tried to use the same phase mask to write fiber grating of different wavelength with two methods to reduce the price of the fiber grating.     

An efficient synthesis of cyanoarenes and cyanoheteroarenes via lithiation followed by electrophilic cyanation

A one-pot procedure for the conversion of mono-substituted arenes and heteroarenes into the ortho-cyano derivatives was achieved through directed lithiation followed by electrophilic cyanation with phenyl cyanate. This reaction method proved to be applicable to halogen-lithium exchanged intermediates, so especially useful for the synthesis of benzonitriles. The scope of the reaction sequence was explored using a number of substrates.     

On the validity of the amphoteric-defect model in gallium arsenide and a criterion for Fermi-level pinning by defects

Using the theoretically calculated point-defect total-energy values of Baraff and Schlüter in GaAs, anamphoteric-defect model has been proposed by Walukiewicz to explain a large number of experimental results. The suggested amphoteric-defect system consists of two point-defect species capable of transforming into each other: the doubly negatively charged Ga vacancyV _Ga ^2– and the triply positively charged defect complex (AS_Ga+V _As)³⁺, with As_Ga being the antisite defect of an As atom occupying a Ga site andV _As being an As vacancy. When present in sufficiently high concentrations, the amphoteric defect systemV _Ga ^2– /(As_Ga+V _As)³⁺ is supposed to be able to pin the GaAs Fermi level at approximately theE _v +0.6 eV level position, which requires that the net free energy of theV _Ga/(As_Ga+V _As) defect system to be minimum at the same Fermi-level position. We have carried out a quantitative study of the net energy of this defect system in accordance with the individual point-defect total-energy results of Baraff and Schlüter, and found that the minimum net defect-system-energy position is located at about theE _v +1.2 eV level position instead of the neededE _v +0.6 eV position. Therefore, the validity of the amphoteric-defect model is in doubt. We have proposed a simple criterion for determining the Fermi-level pinning position in the deeper part of the GaAs band gap due to two oppositely charged point-defect species, which should be useful in the future.     

超软X射线流气式正比计数管

介绍了一种用于测量183～933eV超软X射线的圆柱形、侧窗式、流气式正比计数管,工作气体是0.11MPa的P-10气体或氦气-丙烷混合气体。计数管内径为φ25mm,直径为φ0.3mm的入射窗是由厚度80～90μgcm~2聚乙烯甲醛制成的。该计数管的特点:(1)薄窗,对软X射线透过率高。(2)流气式,工作寿命长。(3)能量分辨率好。(4)计数率高(1×10~(14)个/s)。(5)可测能区宽(0.183～10keV)。(6)可以方便更换窗膜材料、厚度及窗口直径。近几年来该计数管已经为高强度低能X光源提供较好监测。     

一种性能良好的高锰酸根离子选择电极

在异源四倍体棉种中现已鉴定出２２个芽黄突变体、２６个芽黄基因，其中Ｖ１与Ｖ７、Ｖ２之间存在着部分同源关系。重叠牙黄基因Ｖ１６Ｖ１７的遗传主式独特，单体１测验的分离世代Ｆ２和ＢＣ恢复产生了黄化的单体株。鉴于杂中子生产现状，俄系统阐述了以芽黄作为指示性进行棉花杂种优势利用的可行性。     

单模光纤中皮秒啁啾脉冲压缩

对单模光纤正群速色散区秒啁啾脉冲的非线性传进行了近似的解析分析和定量的数值计算。结果表明，负啁啾脉冲在传输过程中能得到有效压缩。压缩比与脉冲初始峰值功率和初始啁啾程度有关。初始峰值功率一定的脉冲，其压缩比随初始啁啾程度的增大面大，初始啁啾程度一定的脉冲，压缩比随初始峰值功率的增大而减小，表明自相位调制效应导致脉冲压缩效果变差。计算结果还表明，在脉冲时域宽度得到压缩的同时，光谱宽度也能得到同步压缩。