Velocity variation of internal shock waves in gamma ray bursts: Observational properties

The work uses the data in the TTS mode of BATSE to analyze the time lags and pulse widths of GRB960113 and GRB960722 in high as well as low energy bands. The results show that their time lags increase monotonously. This phenomenon can reasonably be interpreted with the model of internal shock waves of γ-ray bursts (GRB). Perhaps we obtain the direct observational evidence for the fireball model of GRBs for the first time.     

Palladium nanoparticles stabilized by phosphine ligand for aqueous phase room temperature suzuki-Miyaura coupling

Water soluble phosphine ligand triphenylphosphine-3,3′,3″-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (TPPTS) was used as the stabilizer as well as the activator to the palladium nanoparticles, which showed a high catalytic performance for aqueous phase Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction at room temperature.     

球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学与热力学研究

以离子液体([Bmim]Cl)为反应介质,丙烯酸为单体,对纤维素进行均相接枝共聚,并采用油包水反相悬浮技术制得球形纤维素吸附剂。采用静态吸附实验方法研究了该吸附剂对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附性能,包括各种因素(溶液pH值,溶液初始浓度,吸附时间,吸附温度)对吸附效果的影响。研究结果表明,适当提高溶液pH值,增加溶液初始浓度,以及延长吸附时间都有利于改善吸附效果;球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附过程是自发的放热过程;吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附符合二级吸附动力学模型,吸附过程由膜扩散和颗粒内扩散联合控制。球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu2+的具有很好的吸附性并具有良好的再生性能,可以循环使用。     

Isolation and Characterization of Two Novel Gene Encoded Alkaline Esterases from an Alkaline Soil Metagenomic Library

<正>The development of industrial biotechnology has created an increasing demand for alkaline lipolytic enzymes with functional diversity.In this study,an alkaline soil metagenomic library was constructed to search for new lipolytic enzymes.Two novel gene encoded alkaline esterases(designated as estA and estB) were isolated by functional screening from the library.The estA gene consisted of 834 bp and coded for 277 amino acids with a molecular mass of 29998.Amino acid sequence homology analysis indicates that EstA belongs toα/βhydrolase fold family 4.4(abH4.4),with EstA being the smallest member of that family yet reported.The estB gene consisted of 1185 bp and encoded 394 amino acids with a theoretical molecular mass of 40090.Its conserved domain analysis shows that EstB belongs to the GDSL hydrolase superfamily.Both EstA and EstB exhibit only moderate identity(38%) in amino acid sequence to the known lipolytic enzyme genes in the database.The two genes were respectively expressed in Escherichia coli and the protein products were purified for functional characterization.While the expressed EstA did not exhibit the functional properties that were superior to those of other esterases previously reported,the EstB was stable at temperature up to 45℃and its maximum activity was measured to be 53.6 U/mg at pH=10.Both the enzymes have further enriched the diversity of the lipolytic enzymes database and also appear to be promising biocatalysts for potential biotechnological application.     

流动注射化学发光法测定头孢噻肟钠

基于在碱性介质中头孢噻肟钠对鲁米诺-K3Fe(CN)6化学发光体系的增强作用,建立了流动注射化学发光测定头孢噻肟钠的新方法.头孢噻肟钠的质量浓度与化学发光强度的变化在2.4～30 mg/L和60～300 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.63 mg/L,对浓度为30 mg/L的头孢噻肟钠进行9次平行测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%.该法简便、快速、可靠,将其用于头孢噻肟钠针剂的测定,结果令人满意.     

Hierarchical self-assembly of bolaamphiphiles with a hybrid spacer and L-glutamic acid headgroup: pH- and surface-triggered hydrogels, vesicles, nanofibers, and nanotubes

Bolaamphiphiles with L-glutamic acid headgroups and hybrid linkers, each composed of two rigid benzene rings and different polymethylene units, were designed, and morphological controls of the hierarchical self-assemblies were realized via changing solution pH and application to solid surfaces. At a low pH of 3, bolaamphiphiles formed hydrogels with water and molecules with short and long spacers formed nanofibers and helical nanoribbon-nanotubes, respectively. In a pH 12 aqueous solution, vesicles were observed from cryo-TEM measurements for amphiphiles with short spacers that could transfer to huge vesicles when cast onto a mica surface. Amphiphiles with longer spacers self-assembled into nanoparticles in a pH 12 aqueous solution while micellar fibers were formed on a mica surface. Those assemblies were characterized with UV-vis, CD, and FT-IR spectroscopy and AFM and TEM observations. With molecular structure modification and the fine tuning of conditions, morphology transitions between various nanostructures were obtained from the self-assembled bolaamphiphiles. The environmental pH can induce different interaction modes between the headgroups, and at high pH, there are strong interactions between molecular assemblies and the mica surface. It is suggested that the active headgroups, rigid necks, and flexible linkers with different lengths render molecules with diverse aggregation morphologies.     

Interfacial Molecular Assemblies of Metalloporphyrins with Two Trans or One Axial Ligands

Molecular assemblies of metalloporphyrins trans‐dichloro(5,10,15,20‐tetra‐p‐tolylporphyrinato)tin(IV) (SnCl2TPPMe) and trans‐dihydroxo(5,10,15,20‐tetra‐p‐tolylporphyrinato)tin(IV) (Sn(OH)2TPPMe), which have two trans axial ligands, as well 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐21H,23H‐porphine iron(III) chloride (FeClTPPOMe) and 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphine manganese(III) chloride (MnClTPP), which have one axial ligand, are interfacially organized by Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) techniques. SnCl2TPPMe and Sn(OH)2TPPMe form nanofibrous structures which can display distinct supramolecular chirality, although the molecular units themselves are achiral, while FeClTPPOMe and MnClTPP form irregular nanoparticles that display negligible supramolecular chirality. An interpretation in terms of the effects of the axial ligands is proposed for this interesting phenomenon. Moreover, compared with assemblies of the diprotonated free‐base porphyrins, which are fabricated by interfacial (air/2.4 M HCl) organization of free‐base porphyrin, those of SnCl2TPPMe and Sn(OH)2TPPMe display higher stability in terms of supramolecular chirality. These results indicate that the assembly properties of metalloporphyrins can essentially be affected by the axial ligands that are attached to their chromophores, and that stable chiral porphyrin supramolecular associations can be easily produced by using achiral metalloporphyrins bearing two trans axial ligands.     

纳米结构ZnO在TiO_2薄膜上的电化学沉积及其表征

在三电极体系中,以硝酸锌水溶液作为电解液,采用阴极还原电沉积法成功实现了一维纳米结构ZnO阵列在TiO2纳米粒子/ITO导电玻璃薄膜基底上的沉积,并通过XRD、SEM、EDS和PL光谱等方法对样品进行了表征.重点研究了薄膜基底、电解液浓度、沉积时间、六次亚甲基四胺(HMT)的引入对ZnO沉积及其发光性质的影响.结果显示:与ITO玻璃基底相比,ZnO更易于在TiO2纳米粒子薄膜上实现电化学沉积.ZnO属于六方晶系的铅锌矿结构,并且沿着c-轴方向表现出明显的择优化生长,以形成垂直于基底的ZnO纳米棒阵列.延长沉积时间、增加电解液浓度和引入一定量的HMT等均对ZnO的生长有促进作用,进而使其纳米棒的结晶度和取向程度提高,进而解释了所得的薄膜分别约在375和520nm处表现出ZnO的强而窄的带边紫外光发射峰和弱而宽的表面态绿光发射带.     

电沉积法制备介孔TiO_2/CdS薄膜光电极

采用阴极恒电位沉积法,在介孔TiO2薄膜上制备了介孔TiO2/CdS薄膜光电极,用XRD,SEM,Raman,SPS和UV-Vis等多种手段对薄膜电极进行了表征.结果表明,CdS成功沉积到介孔TiO2的表面和孔道内,形成了异质结结构.通过光电流作用谱考察了该复合体薄膜电极的光电性能,结果表明,与单纯的介孔TiO2薄膜相比,其光电转换效率显著提高,这是由于CdS具有吸收可见光的特性以及CdS与介孔TiO2形成异质结从而使得光生载流子更容易分离的结果.     

O_2/CO_2气氛添加高岭石对燃煤PM_(2.5)排放的影响

采用管式炉研究了在O2/CO2气氛下添加高岭石对PM2.5(空气动力学直径小于2.5μm的颗粒物)排放特性的影响。实验采用荷电低压撞击器(ELPI)采集和分析燃烧后的PM2.5。结果表明,添加高岭石是燃烧过程中影响PM2.5生成的重要因素。添加高岭石后,生成PM1的数量和质量浓度均降低,而PM1-2.5的数量和质量浓度均略有增加,PM2.5粒径分布均呈双峰分布,峰值点分别出现在0.2μm和2.0μm左右。随着高岭石添加质量比的增加,PM2.5中的S、Pb、Cu、Na和K五种元素的浓度呈下降趋势。粒径小于0.317μm的亚微米颗粒通过气化-凝结机理形成,而超微米颗粒则是通过亚微米颗粒凝聚、聚结和矿物质熔融、破碎、聚结形成。