Thermionic emission characteristics of LC20M electrode material in open cycle MHD systems

The work function was measured in a vacuum of 10⁻⁵ Torr for magnesia incorporated lanthanum chromite based ceramic designated LC2OM. The results obtained are φ _R =2.75eV andA _R =0.11 A/cm² K² which ensure that LC2OM has favourable electron emission characteristics for MHD hot electrode material. The measurements have been carried out in the temperature range from ambient to 1700 K. Chemistry Division     

Interferometers for displacement-noise-free gravitational-wave detection

We propose a class of displacement- and laser-noise-free gravitational-wave-interferometer configurations, which does not sense nongeodesic mirror motion and laser noise, but provides a nonvanishing gravitational-wave signal. Our interferometers consist of four mirrors and two beam splitters, which form four Mach-Zehnder interferometers. By contrast to previous works, no composite mirrors with multiple reflective surfaces are required. Each mirror in our configuration is sensed redundantly, by at least two pairs of incident and reflected beams. Displacement- and laser-noise-free detection is achieved when output signals from these four interferometers are combined appropriately. Our 3-dimensional interferometer configuration has a low-frequency response proportional to f2, which is better than the f3 achievable by previous 2-dimensional configurations.     

Microfabricated quadrupole ion trap for mass spectrometer applications

An array of miniaturized cylindrical quadrupole ion traps, with a radius of 20 microm, is fabricated using silicon micromachining using phosphorus doped polysilicon and silicon dioxide for the purpose of creating a mass spectrometer on a chip. We have operated the array for mass-selective ion ejection and mass analysis using Xe ions at a pressure of 10(-4). The scaling rules for the ion trap in relation to operating pressure, voltage, and frequency are examined.     

A new upper bound on the queuenumber of hypercubes

A queue layout of a graph consists of a linear order of its vertices, and a partition of its edges into queues, such that no two edges in the same queue are nested. In this paper, we show that the n-dimensional hypercube Q_n can be laid out using n−3 queues for n?8. Our result improves the previously known result for the case n?8.     

An improved radio frequency heavy ion source

Abstract

An improved r.f. heavy ion source, which can operate with gases, liquids and solids is described. The operating temperature of the ion source may reach 1000°C. It can therefore, generate ion beams of a considerable number of elements. including metallic ions. At present, ion beams of S⁺, Al⁺, As⁺. Zn⁺, Mg⁺, Cd⁺, Ag⁺, Sm⁺, Te⁺, Se⁺, Sn⁺, In⁺, Hg⁺, etc. have been extracted. The extracted total beam current ranges from several hundred microamperes to the order of milliampere. The useful fraction of ion in the total beam is 70–90%. Life span of the source ranges from 40 hours to more than 100 hours. The emittance of the source is 3 × 10^?6 cm rad. Structure and operating characteristics of this ion source are discussed.     

Proximal maps,prox maps and coincidence points

Given a continuous seminorm p on a Hausdorff locally convex space X and nonempty subsets A, B of X, let Proximal(B;A) (resp. Prox(A,B)) denote the set of p-proximal points of B in A (resp. the set of ordered pairs of p-proximal points of the pair (A,B)). In this article we identify suitable families A,B of nonempty subsets of X and natural topologies on them with a view to study continuity properties of B →Proximal( B;A) and (A,B) →Prox(A,B). This leads us to obtain a best approximation result and a coincidence theorem for multifunctions defined on non-compact sets.     

On Hypertopologies

In this article a unified approach is presented to hypertopologies on collections of nonempty closed subsets of a Hausdorff uniform space generated by a saturated and separating family of pseudo-metrics. One identifies here a suitable topology on the family of proper, convex and lower semicontinuous functions defined on a Hausdorff locally convex space for which the Young Fenchel transform is bicontinuous. This improves a well known result due to Mosco, Joly and Beer.     

Strong Unicity of Restricted p-Centers

Given a continuous seminorm p on a separated locally convex linear topological space X, we study in this paper strong uniqueness of the so-called restricted p-centers of sets. First we explore finite extremal characterizations of strongly unique restricted p-centers of subsets of X from its finite dimensional subspaces. Our main goal here is to investigate strong uniqueness of restricted p-centers of certain sets from the so-called p-RS sets, which are defined as closed convex sets that are obtained by imposing convex side constraints arising from boundedness of coefficients on translates of certain subspaces of X.     

Synthesis of 1,4-Dimethyl-9,10-Anthraquinone from 1,4-Naphthoquinone and 2,4-Hexadiene in the Presence of Heteropoly Acids

Kinetics and Catalysis - The synthesis of 1,4-dimethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (DMAQ) from 1,4-naphthoquinone and 2,4‑hexadiene was studied based on a new one-step method developed by the authors...     

A Freezing‐Induced Turn‐On Imaging Modality for Real‐Time Monitoring of Cancer Cells in Cryosurgery

Cryosurgery has attracted much attention for the treatment of tumors owing to its clear advantages. However, determining the volume of frozen tissues in real‐time remains a challenge, which greatly lowers the therapeutic efficacy of cryosurgery and hinders its broad application for the treatment of cancers. Herein, we report a freezing‐induced turn‐on strategy for the selective real‐time imaging of frozen cancer cells. As a type of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) fluorogen, TABD‐Py molecules interact specifically with ice crystals and form aggregates at the ice/water interface. Consequently, bright fluorescent emission appears upon freezing. TABD‐Py molecules are enriched mostly in the cancer cells and exhibit high biocompatibility as well as low cytotoxicity; therefore, a freezing‐induced turn‐on imaging modality for cryosurgery is developed, which will certainly maximize the therapeutic efficacy of cryosurgery in treating tumors.