Characterizations of proximinal,semichebychevian and chebychevian subspaces in real normed spaces

A simple model optimal control problem for continuous casting with state-space constraints is approximated, as usual, by a penalty method and by a numerical discretization of the nonlinear heat equation. The convergence of the approximate problems directly to the original problem is proven under a stability criterion linking the penalty parameter with the discretization parameters. For this purpose, known discretization error estimates for the Stefan problem are extended for the case of time varying boundary conditions.     

Approximate Analytical Solutions of the Dirac Equation for Yukawa Potential Plus Tensor Interaction with Any κ-Value

Approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equation are obtained for the Yukawa potential plus a tensor interaction with any κ-value for the cases having the Dirac equation pseudospin and spin symmetry. The potential describing tensor interaction has a Yukawa-like form. Closed forms of the energy eigenvalue equations and the spinor wave functions are computed by using the Nikiforov–Uvarov method. It is observed that the energy eigenvalue equations are consistent with the ones obtained before. Our numerical results are also listed to see the effect of the tensor interaction on the bound states.     

Preparation,Characterization and ex vivo Intestinal Permeability Studies of Ibuprofen Solid Dispersion

The aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of ibuprofen and to evaluate, ex vivo, the intestinal permeation. Solid dispersions (SD) were prepared with Kollicoat IR^® by solvent evaporation technique in different drug:carrier ratios. The permeation intestinal of ibuprofen was evaluated by inverted intestinal sac method. The SD was characterized by solubility equilibrium, FT-IR, DSC, PXRD, SEM, and dissolution rate. The solubility, dissolution rate, and permeability were significantly greater for SD 1:2. The PXRD, SEM and DSC indicated a partial change in the crystalline state of ibuprofen. The solubility equilibrium of SD (1:2) was approximately 15 times greater than the solubility of ibuprofen. Dissolution rate enhancement was attributed to the decreased crystallinity of the ibuprofen, and increase of wettability and decrease of particle size. In conclusion, dissolution rate and intestinal permeability of ibuprofen were enhanced by the use of Kollicoat IR^® carrier in the SD formulation.     

Time Dependence of Joint Entropy of Oscillating Quantum Systems

The time dependent entropy (or Leipnik’s entropy) of harmonic and damped harmonic oscillator systems is studied by using time dependent wave function obtained by the Feynman path integral method. The Leipnik entropy and its envelope change as a function of time, angular frequency and damping factor. Our results for simple harmonic oscillator are in agreement with the literature. However, the joint entropy of damped harmonic oscillator shows remarkable discontinuity with time for certain values of damping factor. The envelope of the joint entropy curve increases with time monotonically. These results show the general properties of the envelope of the joint entropy curve for quantum systems.     

Nonrelativistic Euler–Maxwell systems

Results of two previous papers are used to reexamine Galilean symmetric Euler–Maxwell systems as candidate models of magnetohydrodynamic flow. For a single, electrically charged fluid, the results are largely negative. Under expected physical conditions, inclusion of the magnetic force on the fluid all but necessarily results in a modified Lundquist system. However the treatment is unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Novel quantum description of time-dependent molecular interactions obeying a generalized non-central potential

Nonlinear Dynamics - Quantum features of time-dependent molecular interactions are investigated by introducing a time-varying Hamiltonian that involves a generalized non-central potential....     

Quantification of β‐aminopropionitrile,an inhibitor of lysyl oxidase activity,in plasma and tumor of mice by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Lysyl oxidase enzymes are reported to be involved in patho‐physiological process such as tumorigenesis. β‐Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is an irreversible inhibitor of lysyl oxidase activity, suggesting a potentially useful therapeutic of interest in oncology. This paper describes the first assay concerning the quantification of BAPN by mass spectrometry. A high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) assay was developed for the quantification of BAPN in plasma and tumor of mice. This method combines dansyl chloride (Dns) derivatization and extraction using a solid‐phase extraction Oasis^© Max column. Deuterated BAPN was used as internal standard (IS). Separation was achieved using an C₁₈ column HypersylGold, (ThermoElectron), 3.0 µm (100 × 2.1 mm i.d.). Gradient elution with water containing 0.1% acetic acid (A) and acetonitrile containing 0.1% acetic acid (B) was applied. Detection was performed with an electrospray ionization interface operating in negative ion mode. Selected reaction monitoring was used with ion transitions m/z 302 → 249 for BAPN–Dns and m/z 306 → 250 for the IS. The method was fully validated in plasma and was linear and sensitive in the range of 10–500 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification in plasma was 2.5 ng/mL. This validated assay was successfully applied to a kinetic study of BAPN in mouse plasma and demonstrates that BAPN reaches the tumoral tissue. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Microbiological control and antibacterial action of a propolis-containing mouthwash and control of dental plaque in humans

Propolis is a bee product with several biological properties. This study aimed at investigating a propolis-containing mouthwash, its organoleptic properties, microbial contamination and its antibacterial action in vitro. This mouthwash was assessed in vivo to control dental plaque in humans. The presence of microorganisms was analyzed and the minimum inhibitory concentration against Streptococcus mutans was determined. A comparative study was done in vivo using propolis, chlorhexidine, and propolis plus chlorhexidine in lower concentrations for 14 days. Dental plaque was analyzed by the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index. The odontological product was yellow, cloudy, free of microbial contamination, and exerted an inhibitory action in vitro. Individuals who used a propolis-containing mouthwash for 14 consecutive days in combination or not to chlorhexidine showed a similar PHP index to chlorhexidine alone. The product exerted an antibacterial action in vitro and in vivo, exhibiting a positive action in the control of dental plaque.     

A General Approach for the Exact Solution of the Schrödinger Equation

The Schrödinger equation is solved exactly for some well known potentials. Solutions are obtained reducing the Schrödinger equation into a second order differential equation by using an appropriate coordinate transformation. The Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the calculations to get energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions.