Specific interaction between fluorine atoms and thiol groups accounting for higher domain purity and photostability in narrowband BHJ systems

In order to explore the role of fluorine atoms on photostability as well as morphology control of active layer in the presence of 1,4‐butanedithiol (BT), the four polymers with or without fluorine atoms in the backbones including polythieno[3,4‐b]thiophene/benzodithiophene, poly[(4,8‐bis‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐benzo(1,2‐b:4,5‐b9)dithiophene)‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(4‐(2‐ethylhexanoyl)‐thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐)‐2‐6‐diyl)], poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b;4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3‐fluorothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐)‐2‐carboxylate‐2‐6‐diyl)], and poly[4,8‐bis‐(2‐ethyl‐hexyl‐thiophene‐5‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b0]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐[2‐(20‐ethyl‐hexanoyl)‐thieno [3,4‐b]thiophen‐4,6‐diyl] were selected for comparison. It is found that the specimens containing fluorine atoms in polymer backbones showed of higher stability after illumination for 1 h in the presence of BT additive, contributing to the higher domain purity. The specific interaction between fluorine atoms and thiol groups was demonstrated by the appearance of novel absorption peak at 2663.1 cm^?1, in addition to the broadening of peak at 2556.2 cm^?1 ascribing to S? H stretching vibration as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The finding may guide the accurate use of thiols as effective solvent additive in morphology and stability optimization. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 941–951     

Anti-bacterial effect of four extracts from leaves of Dracontomelon dao on Escherichia coli growth using microcalorimetry coupled with principal component analysis

The anti-Escherichia coli activities of four extracts in leaves of Dracontomelon dao, a traditional folk herb in China were investigated and compared by microcalorimetry. The four extracts are PE fraction, CHCl₃ fraction, EtOAc fraction, and n-BuOH fraction. The heat flow power–time (HFP–time) curves of E. coli growth in the presence of the four extracts were measured using an ampoule method. Then the nine thermal kinetic parameters were obtained from the curves. From the result of principal component analysis, it can be seen that parameters k ₁, k ₂, P ₁, and Q _p2 might be the main parameters in evaluating the anti-E. coli effects. In the presence of CHCl₃ fraction, EtOAc fraction, and n-BuOH fraction, k ₂, Q _p2 of E. coli decreased with increasing concentrations of the extracts. The EtOAc fraction was observed to have the strongest anti-bacterial activity with half-inhibitory concentration IC50 of 98.5 μg mL^?1. So, it can be concluded that EtOAc fraction can be further developed as anti-bacterial bioactive fraction of leaves of Dracontomelon dao.     

Non-contemporaneous variations and Hölder’s principle

In the process of deducing the Hölder principle, a key step is to use the concept of non-contemporaneous variations. In this paper, whether starting from analytic method or from graphic solution method, the authors prove that the expression formula of non-contemporaneous variations is incorrect when the variable functions have zero-order nearness degree, and obtain a new expression. From the view of calculus of variations and differential calculus, the non-contemporaneous variations are studied. The study result shows that the concept of non-contemporaneous variations is a combination of the concept of variations and the concept of differentiation. The authors prove that the new expression is correct and obtain an equivalent expression of it. By means of this equivalent expression, this paper proves that the above expression formula of non-contemporaneous variations is correct when the variable functions have one-order nearness degree. Further study shows that, in the process of deducing Hölder’s principle, there is an implicit expression. Whether starting from analytic method or from graphic solution method, the authors discovered that the implicit expression of non-contemporaneous variations is incorrect when the variable functions have zero-order nearness degree and have one-order nearness degree. This paper proves that the implicit expression of non-contemporaneous variations is correct when the variable functions have two-order nearness degree. Further study shows that Hölder’s principle is tenable when the variable functions have two-order nearness degree.     

Analytical dynamics of continuous medium and its application

综述了国内和国外学者研究连续介质分析动力学问题的进展,阐明了本文主要论述将Lagrange方程应用于连续介质动力学的问题.论文采用Lagrange-Hamilton体系,分别论述了非保守非线性弹性动力学、不可压缩黏性流体动力学、黏弹性动力学、热弹性动力学、刚--弹耦合动力学和刚--液耦合动力学的Lagrange方程及其应用.论述了应用Lagrange方程建立有限元计算模型的问题. 最后,展望了将Lagrange方程应用于连续介质动力学问题的研究前景.     

3-Hydroxymethylglutaryl flavonol glycosides from a Mongolian and Tibetan medicine, Oxytropis racemosa

Three new flavonol 3-O-glycosides, rhamnetin 3-O-[(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaroyl(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), rhamnocitrin 3-O-[(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), and isorhamnetin 3-O-[(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl(1→6)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), along with 13 known compounds, were isolated from Oxytropis racemosa TURCZ. Their structures were deduced by means of spectroscopic methods and chemical evidence. 2 and 6 showed cytotoxic activities against HCT-8 (IC?? 6.38 μM) and A549 (IC?? 5.20 μM), respectively.     

应用一般力学中的广义变分原理来研究Четаев条件

从一般力学的二类变量的广义变分原理的角度 ,说明了一类变量的Hamilton原理的约束方程中的qε+ β具有双重含义 :第一种含义是不能仅仅通过积分约束方程求得它的解 ,即约束是非完整的 ;第二种含义是qε + β的导数必为 qε + β,即满足关系式 qε + β=ddtqε+ β.虽然上述双重含义是并存在的 ,但是 ,在某种情况下第一种含义表现得比较明显 ,在另一种情况下第二种含义表现得比较明显 .在此基础上 ,推导出Четаев条件的几种等价的表达形式 ;说明了qε+ β 的双重含义在全部代入法和Lagrange乘子法中的体现 .     

分析力学初值问题的一种变分原理形式

明确了分析力学初值问题的控制方程，按照广义力和广义位移之间的对应关系，将 各控制方程卷乘上相应的虚量，代数相加，进而在 原空间中建立了分析力学初值问题的一种变分原理形式，即建立了分析力学初值问题的卷积 型变分原理和卷积型广义变分原理. 推导了分析力学初值问题卷积型变分原理和卷积型广义 变分原理的驻值条件. 在建立分析力学初值问题的一种变分原理形式的同时, 将变积方法推广为卷变积方法.     

Determination of radon using solid state nuclear tracks wireless sensing method

A highly sensitive and selective electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensor for the determination of adenosine was developed. Single DNA (capture DNA) was immobilized on the gold electrode through Au-thiol interaction at first. Another DNA modified with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II)-doped silica nanoparticles (Ru-SNPs) that contained adenosine aptamer was then modified on the electrode surface through hybridizing with the capture DNA. In the presence of adenosine, adenosine-aptamer complex is produced rather than aptamer-DNA duplex, resulting with the dissociation of Ru-SNPs-labeled aptamer from the electrode surface and the decrease in the ECL intensity. The decrease of ECL intensity has a direct relationship with the logarithm of adenosine concentration in the range of 1.0×10(-10) to 5.0×10(-6)molL(-1). The detection limit of the proposed method is 3.0×10(-11)molL(-1). The existence of guanosine, cytidine and uridine has little interference with adenosine detection, demonstrating that the developed biosensor owns a high selectivity to adenosine. In addition, the developed biosensor also demonstrates very good reusability, as after being reused for 30 times, its ECL signal still keeps 91% of its original state.     

Application of fuzzy soft set in decision making problems based on grey theory

There are many uncertain problems in practical production and life which need decisions made with soft sets and fuzzy soft sets. However, the basis of evaluation of the decision method is single and simple, the same decision problem can obtain different results from using a different evaluation basis. In this paper, in order to obtain the right result, we discuss fuzzy soft set decision problems. A new algorithm based on grey relational analysis is presented. The evaluation bases of the new algorithm are multiple. There is more information in a decision result based on multiple evaluation bases, which is more easily accepted and logical to one’s thinking. For the two cases examined, the results show that the new algorithm is efficient for solving decision problems.     

Applicability of bi-pseudo component separated-stage model for decomposition of lignocellulosic materials in air at multiple heating rates

In our previous research (Liu et al., J Anal Appl Pyrol 63:303–325, 2002), the pseudo bi-component separated-stage model (PBSM) was suggested for the kinetic analysis on the decomposition of lignocellulosic materials in air at relatively lower heating rates. As a continuing work, this paper is intended to investigate the applicability of PBSM at different heating rates by experimental analyses. Decomposition of oil tea wood has been studied by means of non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis in air atmosphere at 10–25 K min⁻¹ heating rates. A two-step parallel reaction kinetic model is used to optimize the kinetic parameters of these materials in air. Meanwhile, an improved PBSM is developed to describe the thermal degradation process of oil tea wood. Furthermore, a comparison between the kinetic results of parallel model and PBSM reveals realistic applicability of PBSM. It is concluded that the PBSM has relatively high accuracy for the first decomposition step in the lower temperature range, while fails to predict the thermal decomposition behavior in the char oxidative process which occurs in the higher temperature range.