Ab initio study on the mechanism of reaction HNCO+NH_2

Ab initio UMP2 and UQCISD(T) calculations, with 6-311G** basis sets, were performed for the titled reactions. The results show that the reactions have two product channels: NH2+ HNCO→NH3+NCO (1) and NH2+HNCO-N2H3+CO (2), where reaction (1) is a hydrogen abstraction reaction via an H-bonded complex (HBC), lowering the energy by 32.48 kJ/mol relative to reactants. The calculated QCISD(T)//MP2(full) energy barrier is 29.04 kJ/mol, which is in excellent accordance with the experimental value of 29.09 kJ/mol. In the range of reaction temperature 2300-2700 K, transition theory rate constant for reaction (1) is 1.68 × 1011- 3.29 × 1011 mL · mol-1· s-1, which is close to the experimental one of 5.0 ×1011 mL× mol-1· s-1 or less. However, reaction (2) is a stepwise reaction proceeding via two orientation modes, cis and trans, and the energy barriers for the rate-control step at our best calculations are 92.79 kJ/mol (for cis-mode) and 147.43 kJ/mol (for trans-mode), respectively, which is much higher than     

一类新型酯类离子液体的合成

以氯乙酸乙酯和氮杂环化合物(1-甲基咪唑、吡啶、N-乙基哌啶、N-甲基吗啉)为原料, 采用两步法合成了一类新型的酯类离子液体, 对合成的12个化合物进行了元素分析, ¹H NMR谱和一些物理性质的测定. 大多数化合物的熔点低于100 ℃, 为室温离子液体. 所合成离子液体的热稳定范围都比较宽, 性质稳定.     

High-throughput screening of enzyme libraries: thiolactonases evolved by fluorescence-activated sorting of single cells in emulsion compartments

Single bacterial cells, each expressing a different library variant, were compartmentalized in aqueous droplets of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions, thus maintaining a linkage between a plasmid-borne gene, the encoded enzyme variant, and the fluorescent product this enzyme may generate. Conversion into a double, water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion enabled the sorting of these compartments by FACS, as well as the isolation of living bacteria cells and their enzyme-coding genes. We demonstrate the directed evolution of new enzyme variants by screening >10(7) serum paraoxonase (PON1) mutants, to yield 100-fold improvements in thiolactonase activity. In vitro compartmentalization (IVC) of single cells, each carrying >10(4) enzyme molecules, in a volume of <10 femtoliter (fl), enabled detection and selection despite the fast, spontaneous hydrolysis of the substrate, the very low initial thiolactonase activity of PON1, and the use of difusable fluorescent products.     

一种新的磷酸根离子敏感电极研究

一种新的磷酸根离子敏感电极研究肖丹，俞汝勤，李军，袁孔铨（湖南大学化学化工系，长沙，４１００８２）关键词磷酸根，离子选择电极，磷酸二氢根磷酸根离子浓度的测定在化学化工、环境保护、生命科学和临床医学等领域有着重要的意义。对磷酸根离子敏感电极的研究和探索...     

新型蒈酸基双酰肼化合物的合成及其生物活性

先将3-蒈烯分子中的碳碳双键氧化开环制得蒈酮酸，再将羰基还原成亚甲基得到蒈酸，酰氯化后与系列酰肼发生N-酰化反应合成了14个新型蒈酸基双酰肼化合物(5a～5n)，其结构经UV-Vis、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、 FT-IR和MS(ESI)表征，并测试了目标化合物的抑菌和除草活性。结果显示：在用药量为50 μg·mL^-1时，目标化合物对花生褐斑病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、番茄早疫病菌、玉米小斑病菌、西瓜炭疽病菌以及水稻纹枯病菌等8种植物病原菌具有一定的抑制活性，其中化合物蒈酸基α-噻吩甲酰肼5f（R=α-thiophene）对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制率达85.0%，优于阳性对照百菌清。在用药量为100 μg·mL^-1时，化合物蒈酸基3′,4′-二甲氧基苯甲酰肼5j(R=3′,4′-OMe-Ph)、蒈酸基-m-甲氧基苯甲酰肼5d(R=m-OMe-Ph)、蒈酸基-m-甲基苯甲酰肼5b(R=m-Me-Ph)和蒈酸基苯甲酰肼5a(R=Ph)对油菜胚根生长的抑制率分别为88.5%、 86.1%、 85.1%和82.6%（均为A级活性水平），优于阳性对照丙炔氟草胺。     

八—4—(四氢糠氧基)双酞菁衍生物钕(Ⅲ)、铕(Ⅲ)的合成和LB膜的气敏性

八—４—（四氢糠氧基）双酞菁衍生物钕（Ⅲ）、铕（Ⅲ）的合成和ＬＢ膜的气敏性张引＊辛春梅王丹（吉林省教育学院化学系，长春１３００２２）梁冰洁＊＊陈文启席时权（中科院长春应用化学研究所，长春１３００２２）关键词：希土双酞菁衍生物ＬＢ膜气敏性荧光性紫外可见...     

Analysis of betamethasone, dexamethasone and related compounds by liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) method has been developed to conclusively differentiate the epimers betamethasone and dexamethasone and various esterification products (betamethasone and dexamethasone 21-acetate, betamethasone and dexamethasone 21-phosphate, betamethasone 17-valerate, betamethasone 21-valerate and betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate) in counterfeit drugs. Good separation with baseline resolution of all epimers or isomers was obtained on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB or Luna C8 column, using a step gradient with mobile phases of 0.05 M ammonium acetate and acetonitrile. Betamethasones can also be distinguished by the relative abundance of their m/z 279 ion in the positive electrospray tandem mass spectra. The LC/MS or LC/MS/MS method developed was successfully applied to the analysis of drug product samples, i.e. creams and tablets.     

测定饲料中喹乙醇含量的反相高效液相色谱法

建立了高效液相色谱法测定饲料中喹乙醇含量的方法 ;饲料用甲醇 -水提取 ,在380nm波长下检测 ,色谱柱为NOVA_PakC18(3.9mm×150mm ,4μm) ,流动相为甲醇 -水 (体积比为10∶90) ,流速为1.0mL/min ,喹乙醇质量浓度在2.5～20.0mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系 ,相对标准偏差为1.2 %～1.6 % ,回收率为97 %～101%。     

窄分布聚丙烯酸-g-聚甲基丙烯酸酯接枝共聚物的合成

利用合成的一种新型原子转移自由基聚合大分子引发剂和从主干接枝的方法制备了窄分布的两亲性接枝共聚物聚丙烯酸-g-聚甲基丙烯酸酯, 并对其结构进行表征. 产物主链和侧链的分子量可分别通过调整单体与引发剂的投料比和反应时间进行控制, 结构规整, 侧链单体适用范围广. 该合成方法不仅推动了接枝共聚物合成研究的进展, 其产物更为两亲性接枝共聚物自组装行为的研究提供了很好的研究对象.     

溶胶凝胶法制氧化铝负载铜基超细粒子催化剂的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制氧化铝负载铜基超细粒子催化剂的制备了氧化铝负载的铜基超细粒子催化剂，用ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ，ＸＲＤ，ＢＥＴ以及ＴＥＭ等技术手段，对催化剂的物相结构，表面孔结构，粒子形貌以及催化性能等进行了研究。结果表明，利用溶胶凝胶法，可以直接帛备出高比表面积，低堆积密度的纤维状纳米级负载型Ｃｕ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粒子；活性组分以远低于纳米级的微晶粒子簇状态，均匀地分散在纳米级氧化铝载体表面上，而且在低于５０