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21.
Yew Hoong Leong Eng Guan Tay Tin Lam Toh Khiok Seng Quek Jaguthsing Dindyal 《The Journal of Mathematical Behavior》2011,30(3):181-193
This study is based on the stance that Pólya's “Look Back,” though understudied, remains relevant to Mathematics curricula that place emphasis on problem solving. Although the Singapore Mathematics curriculum adopts the goal of teaching Look Back, research about how it is carried out in actual classroom practice is rare. In our project, we focus on a redesign of a teacher development programme that is targeted to help teachers realize Pólya's original vision of Look Back in the classroom. We report the cases of two teachers who have participated in the teacher development programme: their thinking about Look Back (through interview records) and their interpretation of Look Back in their classroom practice (through video records). By bringing these two spheres of data together, we discuss their degree of ‘buy-in’ to Look Back in the overall problem solving enterprise. 相似文献
22.
Dopamine was electrochemically oxidized in aqueous solutions and in the organic solvents N,N‐dimethyl‐formamide and dimethylsulfoxide containing varying amounts of supporting electrolyte and water, to form dopamine ortho‐quinone. It was found that the electrochemical oxidation mechanism in water and in organic solvents was strongly influenced by the buffering properties of the supporting electrolyte. In aqueous solutions close to pH 7, where buffers were not used, the protons released during the oxidation process were able to sufficiently change the localized pH at the electrode surface to reduce the deprotonation rate of dopamine ortho‐quinone, thereby slowing the conversion into leucoaminochrome. In N,N‐dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide solutions, in the absence of buffers, dopamine was oxidized to dopamine ortho‐quinone that survived without further reaction for several minutes at 25 °C. The voltammetric data obtained in the organic solvents were made more complicated by the presence of HCl in commercial sources of dopamine, which also underwent an oxidation process. 相似文献
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Summary.
It is well known that the zeros of a polynomial are equal to
the
eigenvalues of the associated companion matrix . In this paper
we take a
geometric view of the conditioning of these two problems and of the stability of
algorithms for polynomial zerofinding. The
is the set of zeros of all polynomials obtained by
coefficientwise perturbations of of size ;
this is a subset of the
complex plane considered earlier by Mosier, and is bounded by a
certain generalized lemniscate. The
is another subset of
defined as the set of eigenvalues of matrices
with ; it is bounded by a
level curve of the resolvent
of $A$. We find that if $A$ is first balanced in the usual EISPACK sense, then
and
are usually quite close to one another. It follows that the Matlab
ROOTS algorithm of balancing the companion matrix, then computing its eigenvalues, is a stable
algorithm for polynomial zerofinding. Experimental comparisons with the
Jenkins-Traub (IMSL) and
Madsen-Reid (Harwell) Fortran codes confirm that these three algorithms have roughly
similar stability properties.
Received June 15, 1993 相似文献
25.
We study four measures of problem instance behavior that might account for the observed differences in interior-point method
(IPM) iterations when these methods are used to solve semidefinite programming (SDP) problem instances: (i) an aggregate geometry
measure related to the primal and dual feasible regions (aspect ratios) and norms of the optimal solutions, (ii) the (Renegar-)
condition measure C(d) of the data instance, (iii) a measure of the near-absence of strict complementarity of the optimal solution, and (iv) the
level of degeneracy of the optimal solution. We compute these measures for the SDPLIB suite problem instances and measure
the sample correlation (CORR) between these measures and IPM iteration counts (solved using the software SDPT3) when these
measures have finite values. Our conclusions are roughly as follows: the aggregate geometry measure is highly correlated with
IPM iterations (CORR = 0.901), and provides a very good explanation of IPM iterations, particularly for problem instances
with solutions of small norm and aspect ratio. The condition measure C(d) is also correlated with IPM iterations, but less so than the aggregate geometry measure (CORR = 0.630). The near-absence
of strict complementarity is weakly correlated with IPM iterations (CORR = 0.423). The level of degeneracy of the optimal
solution is essentially uncorrelated with IPM iterations.
This research has been partially supported through the MIT-Singapore Alliance. 相似文献
26.
27.
Iridium‐ and Osmium‐decorated Reduced Graphenes as Promising Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution 下载免费PDF全文
Chee Shan Lim Prof. Zdeněk Sofer Rou Jun Toh Alex Yong Sheng Eng Jan Luxa Prof. Martin Pumera 《Chemphyschem》2015,16(9):1898-1905
Renewable energy sources are highly sought after as a result of numerous worldwide problems concerning the environment and the shortage of energy. Currently, the focus in the field is on the development of catalysts that are able to provide water splitting catalysis and energy storage for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). While platinum is an excellent material for HER catalysis, it is costly and rare. In this work, we investigated the electrocatalytic abilities of various graphene–metal hybrids to replace platinum for the HER. The graphene materials were doped with 4f metals, namely, iridium, osmium, platinum and rhenium, as well as 3d metals, namely, cobalt, iron and manganese. We discovered that a few hybrids, in particular iridium‐ and osmium‐doped graphenes, have the potential to become competent electrocatalysts owing to their low costs and—more importantly—to their promising electrochemical performances towards the HER. One of the more noteworthy observations of this work is the superiority of these two hybrids over MoS2, a well‐known electrocatalyst for the HER. 相似文献
28.
In this paper, by capturing the atomic information and reflecting the behaviour governed by the nonlinear potential function,
an analytical molecular mechanics approach is proposed. A constitutive relation for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT’s)
is established to describe the nonlinear stress-strain curve of SWCNT’s and to predict both the elastic properties and breaking
strain of SWCNT’s during tensile deformation. An analysis based on the virtual internal bond (VIB) model proposed by P. Zhang
et al. is also presented for comparison. The results indicate that the proposed molecular mechanics approach is indeed an
acceptable analytical method for analyzing the mechanical behavior of SWCNT’s.
The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10121202, 90305015 and 10328203), the Key Grant
Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (0306) and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,
China (HKU 7195/04E). 相似文献
29.
30.