Single molecule force spectroscopy on poly(vinyl alcohol) by atomic force microscopy

The elastic properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were investigated on the nanoscale using the new technique of single molecule force spectroscopy by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the elastic properties of PVA molecules scale linearly with their contour lengths. This finding corroborates that the deformation of individual PVA chains is measured. The force spectra of PVA show a kink at around 200 pN and cannot be fitted by an extended Langevin function. The deviation of the elastic behavior of PVA from a freely jointed chain model may indicate the presence of a suprastructure of PVA in NaCl solution.     

Lu-Eu共掺杂Ga2O3的光电性质的第一性原理计算

宽禁带半导体β-Ga₂O₃因为具有优良的物理化学性能而成为研究热点.本文基于DFT(Density Functional Theory)的第一性原理方法,先采用PBE(Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof)中的GGA(Generalized Gradient Approximation)和GGA+U(Generalized Gradient Approximation-Hubbard U)的方法计算了本征β-Ga₂O₃,Lu掺杂浓度为12.5%的β-Ga₂O₃及Lu-Eu共掺杂浓度为25%的β-Ga₂O₃结构的晶格常数、能带结构和体系总能量.发现采用GGA+U的方法计算的带隙值更接近实验值,于是采用GGA+U的方法计算了本征β-Ga₂O₃,Lu掺杂的β-Ga₂O₃以及Lu-Eu共掺杂的β-Ga₂O...     

大环分子衍生物在人工跨膜离子通道领域中的研究进展

大环分子如环糊精、冠醚等因具备独特的空腔结构, 能够通过主-客体相互作用实现对分子、离子的特异性识别, 因此常被应用于人工跨膜离子传输系统的研究和开发. 与天然的通道蛋白相比, 大环分子具有价格低廉、性质稳定、结构易于修饰和功能化等诸多优点, 因而备受科研工作者们的关注. 本综述详细介绍了大环分子在人工离子通道领域中的研究进展, 按照不同的大环分子进行分类, 系统归纳了基于大环结构的人工跨膜通道的制备方法、结构调控以及其在生物医药领域中的潜在应用. 最后对大环类人工离子通道做了简要的总结和展望, 该综述对于发展新型人工离子通道以及发掘其潜在的应用价值具有重要意义.     

HO2非均相摄取系数的测量与参数化

HO₂自由基与环境大气气溶胶的非均相反应是HO₂自由基的重要汇之一,对大气氧化能力有重要影响,对大气颗粒物的物化性质等进一步产生影响。HO₂的非均相反应过程的定量描述对不同地区大气氧化性与臭氧生成能力等问题的探求具有重要意义。目前不同研究小组测量的摄取系数可相差3到5个数量级,深入探究不同条件下不同种类气溶胶对HO₂自由基的非均相摄取机制,对摄取机制进行参数化表达,并准确测量摄取系数是量化其环境影响的关键。本文深入介绍了HO₂非均相摄取的原理与参数化表达,总结了已有的研究结果与进展,对不同的影响因素进行总结分析,并对此领域未来的发展方向提出建议与展望。     

(C4N2H12)[(GeO2)3(BO1.5F)2], a layered borogermanate containing three‐ and nine‐membered rings

A new borogermanate, viz. piperazine‐1,4‐di­ium di­fluoro­nona­oxo­tri­germanium­di­boron, (C₄H₁₂N₂)[(GeO₂)₃(BO_1.5F)₂], was solvo/hydro­thermally synthesized. The crystal structure consists of layers composed of three‐membered‐ring Ge₃O₉ subunits and nine‐membered‐ring channels formed by six GeO₄ tetrahedra and three BO₃F tetrahedral pairs. The diprotonated piperazine cations, which lie about inversion centres, are located between adjacent layers and connect the layers via hydrogen bonds.     

变组分AlGaAs/GaAs透射式光电阴极分辨力特性分析

建立了变组分AlGaAs/GaAs光电阴极二维载流子输运连续性方程.在一定的边界条件下,利用数值计算方法对此方程进行求解,得到了变组分AlGaAs/GaAs光电阴极调制传递函数(MTF)理论计算模型.利用该模型计算了透射式变组分和均匀组分阴极的理论MTF,分析了分辨力与Al组分变化范围、入射光子波长、AlGaAs和GaAs层厚度的关系.计算结果表明,变组分阴极与均匀组分阴极相比,阴极分辨力显著提高.当空间频率f在100—500 lp·mm-1区间时,分辨力的提高最为明显,如当f=200 lp·mm-1时,一般可提高150%—260%.变组分阴极分辨力的提高是内建电场作用的结果,但内建电场太大时,也会由于Al组分含量过高而影响阴极的长波响应.     

Properties and Applications of Mixed Packing Capillary Electrochromatography

Mixed packing capillary electrochromatography (MP CEC) with the stationary phase comprising a physical mixture of strong cation exchange (SCX) phase and octadecysilyl (ODS) phase was developed. With the existence of a sulfonic acid group on the surface of SCX, not only could the electroosmotic flow (EOF) remain high at low pH, but also the hydrophilicity of the stationary phase was increased greatly, leading to broad adaptable ranges of both pH and organic modifier concentration in the mobile phase. At the same time, with the coexistence of C₁₈ on the surface of ODS, both the retention and the resolution of samples were improved. Accordingly, MP CEC combined the advantages of both SCX and ODS columns. Effects of operation parameters on EOF and the capacity factors of solutes as well as the retention mechanism of such a column were studied systematically. In addition, MP CEC columns were used in the analysis of strong polar solutes as well as for the high speed separation of acidic, basic, and neutral compounds in a single run.     

Single-crystalline layered double hydroxides with rich defects and hierarchical structure by mild reduction for enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction

The oxygen evolution reaction(OER) with sluggish reaction kinetics and large overpotential is the critical reaction in water splitting that is promising for energy storage and conversion. Layered double hydroxides(LDHs), due to their unique lamellar structure and flexibility of chemical component, are very competing material candidates for OER. Herein, the morphology structure and the electronic structure of LDHs were simultaneously tuned to improve the OER catalytic activity by mild solvothermal reduction using ethylene glycol. The increased surface area, the introduction of oxygen vacancies and the construction of hierarchical structure greatly enhanced the electro-catalytic activity of LDHs for OER. The as-prepared LDHs showed a lower over-potential as low as 276 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm~(-2), and a small Tafel slope of 40.3 mV dec~(-1) accompanied with good stability. This work provides an efficient way to the design and optimization of advanced catalysts in the future.     

A Bubble‐Dragged Catalytic Polymer Microrocket

We report the bubble dragged microrocket consisting of functionalized multilayer polymer covered asymmetrically by platinum nanoparticles. The microrocket is pushed back during bubble growth over a small step and dragged forward over a big step during bubble explosion. Each bubble explosion induced a shock wave of gas which propagates in water at ultrafast speed. The bubble dragged microrocket can move along an approximate straight line instead of a fluctuating circle which is the trajectory of a bubble‐pushed microrocket in most cases, which makes it a promising candidate for drug delivery and simulating rod‐shaped bacteria.     

Spectral Characterization of Couplings in a Mixed Optomechanical Model *

Abstract:We study the spectrum of single-photon emission and scattering in a mixed optomechanical model which consists of both linear and quadratic optomechanical interactions. The spectra are calculated based on the exact long-time solutions of the single-photon emission and scattering processes in this system. We find that there exist some phonon sideband peaks in the spectra and there are some sub peaks around the phonon sideband peaks under proper parameter conditions. The correspondence between the spectral features and the optomechanical interactions is confirmed, and the optomechanical coupling strengths can be inferred by analyzing the resonance peaks and dips in the spectra.