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101.
Parking Capacity and Pricing in Park'n Ride Trips: A Continuous Equilibrium Network Design Problem 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this paper we consider the problem of designing parking facilities for park'n ride trips. We present a new continuous equilibrium network design problem to decide the capacity and fare of these parking lots at a tactical level. We assume that the parking facilities have already been located and other topological decisions have already been taken.The modeling approach proposed is mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints. In the outer optimization problem, a central Authority evaluates the performance of the transport network for each network design decision. In the inner problem a multimodal traffic assignment with combined modes, formulated as a variational inequality problem, generates the share demand for modes of transportation, and for parking facilities as a function of the design variables of the parking lots. The objective is to make optimal parking investment and pricing decisions in order to minimize the total travel cost in a subnetwork of the multimodal transportation system.We present a new development in model formulation based on the use of generalized parking link cost as a design variable.The bilevel model is solved by a simulated annealing algorithm applied to the continuous and non-negative design decision variables. Numerical tests are reported in order to illustrate the use of the model, and the ability of the approach to solve applications of moderate size. 相似文献
102.
Rb(5PJ)+Rb(5PJ)→Rb(5JS)+Rb(nl=5D,7S)碰撞能量合并 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究了Rb(5PJ)+Rb(5PJ)→Rb(nlJ')+Rb(5S)碰撞能量合并过程,利用单模半导体激光器分别共振激发Rb原子的5P1/2或5P3/2态,利用另一与泵浦激光束反向平行的单模激光束作为吸收线探测激发态原子密度及其空间分布,吸收线分别调至5P1/2→5D3/2和5P3/2→7S1/2跃迁.由激发态原子密度和谱线荧光比得到碰撞能量合并过程的截面,对5P3/2激发,碰撞转移得到5D5/2,5D3/2和7S1/2的截面分别是(1.32士0.59)×10-14,(1.18士0.53)×10-14和(3.21士1.44)×10-15cm2;对5P1/2激发,碰撞转移到5D5/2和5D3/2的截面分别是(6.57士2.96)×10-15和(5.90士2.66)×10-15cm2.与其他的实验结果进行了比较. 相似文献
103.
The aim of this article is to derive stable generalized sampling in a shift-invariant space by using some special dual frames in L2(0,1). These sampling formulas involve samples of filtered versions of the functions in the shift-invariant space. The involved samples are expressed as the frame coefficients of an appropriate function in L2(0,1) with respect to some particular frame in L2(0,1). Since any shift-invariant space with stable generator is the image of L2(0,1) by means of a bounded invertible operator, our generalized sampling is derived from some dual frame expansions in L2(0,1). 相似文献
104.
105.
106.
Gianluigi Luppi Rodrigo J. Corrêa Angelo C. Pinto Quirinus B. Broxterman Claudia Tomasini 《Tetrahedron》2006,62(51):12017-12024
The first total synthesis of (R)-convolutamydine A has been achieved by the organocatalytic addition of acetone to 4,6-dibromoisatin. The absolute configuration was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. DFT studies were used to model the transition states for the aldol reaction and equilibrium geometries of the post-aldol reaction intermediates. The DFT study revealed that the aldol bond forming reaction was considerably endothermic. 相似文献
107.
108.
Jaime Pfretzschner Pedro Cobo Francisco Simón María Cuesta Alejandro Fernández 《Applied Acoustics》2006,67(1):62-73
Microperforated panels (MPPs) coupled to a rigid wall have been proposed recently as an alternative to porous absorbers in situations having concerns with bacterial contamination and small particles discharge, like food, pharmaceutical and microelectronic industries. There exists also an increasing interest for MPP absorbers in the transportation industry and civil engineering. In general, an optimally designed MPP with good broadband absorption requires many submillimetric holes distributed over a panel of also submillimetric thickness. Such thin plates or foils become so fragile that they need to be protected from mechanical damage. In this paper, an alternative strategy is investigated which allows the design of MPPs with panels of millimetric thickness while maintaining their acoustic performance. These absorbers, named microperforated insertion units (MIUs), avoid the structural problems of the classical MPPs. An assessment of the sound absorption properties of these structures is presented. Comparisons between calculations and measurements are also made under two experimental conditions: plane waves at normal incidence (impedance tube) and free field (anechoic room). 相似文献
109.
We present a Bayesian theory of object identification. Here, identifying an object means selecting a particular observation from a group of observations (variants), this observation (the regular variant) being characterized by a distributional model. In this sense, object identification means assigning a given model to one of several observations. Often, it is the statistical model of the regular variant, only, that is known. We study an estimator which relies essentially on this model and not on the characteristics of the “irregular” variants. In particular, we investigate under what conditions this variant selector is optimal. It turns out that there is a close relationship with exchangeability and Markovian reversibility. We finally apply our theory to the case of irregular variants generated from the regular variant by a Gaussian linear model. 相似文献
110.
Physical aspects of an operation of the GaAs-based InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well (QW) VCSELs with the intentionally detuned optical
cavities have been considered in the present paper using the comprehensive three-dimensional self-consistent optical–electrical–thermal-gain
simulation. In GaAs-based structures, very good DBR resonator mirrors and a very efficient methods to confine radially both
the current spreading and the electromagnetic field with the aid of oxide apertures may be applied. It has been found using
the above simulation that even currently available immature technology enables manufacturing the above devices emitting radiation
of wavelengths over 1.20 μm. In particular, while the room-temperature 1.30-μm lasing emission is still beyond possibilities
of the InGaAs/GaAs QW VCSELs, these structures may offer analogous 1.25-μm emission, especially for the high-power and/or
high-temperature operation. 相似文献