Analysis of acyclovir by high performance capillary electrophoresis with on-column amperometric detection

The separation of acyclovir (ACV) by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) with on-column amperometric detection using alpha-amino-5-mercapto-3,4-dithiazole (AMD) as internal standard is described. The calibration line was linear in the range of 0.5-20 mg/L of ACV. The detection limit was 0.15 mg/L of ACV. Its recovery ranged from 98 to 101% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 1.9 to 3.2% (n = 5). This method was successfully used for determining ACV in some pharmaceuticals and human urine. Comparable results with HPCE with ultraviolet (UV) detection and amperometric detection were obtained.     

Molecular simulation of water behaviors on crystal faces of hydroxyapatite

The water behavior on (001) and (100) crystal faces of hydroxyapatite (HAP) were studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The study showed that the water molecules between the HAP faces were under conditions of strong electrical field and high pressure, and hence formed 2–3 well-organized water layers on the crystal surfaces. These structured water layers had ice-like features. Compared with the crystallographic [100] direction of HAP, the polarity along the [001] direction was stronger, which resulted in more structured water layers on the surface. The interaction of water molecules with the calcium and phosphate sites at the HAP-water interface was also studied. The results indicated the multiple pathways of water adsorption onto the HAP surfaces. This study revealed the formation and the detailed structure of water layers on HAP surfaces and suggested that the interfacial water played an important role in stabilizing the HAP particles in aqueous solutions. Translated from Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2006, 22(8): 1392–1400 (in Chinese)     

High-efficiency, environment-friendly electroluminescent polymers with stable high work function metal as a cathode: green- and yellow-emitting conjugated polyfluorene polyelectrolytes and their neutral precursors

A series of aminoalkyl-substituted polyfluorene copolymers with benzothiadiazole (BTDZ) of different content were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction, and their quaternized ammonium polyelectrolyte derivatives were obtained through a postpolymerization treatment on the terminal amino groups. Copolymers are soluble in environmentally friendlier solvents, such as alcohols. It was found that the efficient energy transfer occurs by exciton trapping on the narrow band gap BTDZ site under UV illumination. Only 1% of BTDZ content is needed to completely quench a fluorene emission for both the neutral and the quaternized copolymers in the neat film. Absolute PL efficiencies of copolymer films were greatly enhanced as a result of the suppression of excimer formation. Light-emitting devices fabricated from these copolymers show high external quantum efficiencies over 3% and 1% for the neutral precursor and the quaternized copolymers, respectively, with high work function metals such as Al as a cathode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on an electroluminescent polymer which bears the high EL efficiency, the electron-injection ability from high work function metals, and the solubility in environment-friendly solvents at the same time. These features make them a promising candidate for the next generation of light-emitting copolymers in PLED flat panel display application.     

Microbial Transformation of Sesquiterpenes, (−)‐Ambrox® and (+)‐Sclareolide

The microbial transformation of (?)‐Ambrox^® ( 1 ), a perfumery sesquiterpene, by a number of fungi, by means of standard two‐stage‐fermentation technique, afforded ambrox‐1α‐ol ( 2 ), ambrox‐1α,11α‐diol ( 3 ), ambrox‐1α,6α‐diol ( 4 ), ambrox‐1α,6α,11α‐triol ( 5 ), ambrox‐3‐one ( 6 ), ambrox‐3β‐ol ( 7 ), ambrox‐3β,6β‐diol ( 8 ), 13,14,15,16‐tetranorlabdane‐3,8,12‐triol ( 9 ), and sclareolide ( 10 ) (Schemes 1 and 2). Further incubation of compound 10 with Cunninghamella elegans afforded 3‐oxosclareolide ( 11 ), 3β‐hydroxysclareolide ( 12 ), 2α‐hydroxysclareolide ( 13 ), 2α,3β‐dihydroxysclareolide ( 14 ), 1α,3β‐dihydroxysclareolide ( 15 ), and 3β‐hydroxy‐8‐episclareolide ( 16 ) (Scheme 3). Metabolites 2 – 5, 12, 13 , and 16 were found to be new compounds. The major transformations include a reaction path involving hydroxylation, ether‐bond cleavage and inversion of configuration. Metabolites 11 – 16 of sclareolide showed significant phytotoxicity (Table 1). The structures of the metabolites were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic techniques.     

Synthesis of Imidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines from α‐Tosyloxyketones and 1‐Aminoisoquinoline in Ionic Liquid Solvent

The room temperature ionic liquid n‐butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BPyBF₄) is used as a ‘green’ recyclable alternative to classical molecular solvents for the cyclocondensation of α‐tosyloxyketones with 1‐aminoisoquinoline to prepare imidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines in good yields.     

水热法合成Ce0.67Zr0.33O0.2固溶体研究

采用两种不同前驱体通过水热法合成了Ce0.67Zr0.33O0.2固溶体,并通过XRD,BET,TPR等手段考察了样品的相结构,比表面及还原特性.结果表明,在180℃,12 h的水热条件下,以共沉淀产物为前驱体所制得的Ce0.67Zr0.33O0.2固溶体比表面积较高,但存在一定程度的相分离;以凝胶产物为前驱体制得的Ce0.67Zr0.33O0.2固溶体结构更完整,具有良好的还原特性及热稳定性.     

C9‐Iridoids from Scrophularia buergeriana

Four new iridoids, buergerinins B–E ( 1 – 4 ), along with three known iridoids, were isolated from the roots of Scrophularia buergeriana. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.     

Photopolymerization induced by a benzophenone derivative photoinitiator

A benzophenone derivative photoinitiator, HBP-TDI-HQ-TDI-HBP （HTCTH）, was synthesized based on 4-hydroxy benzophenone （HBP）, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate （TDI） and hydroquinone （HQ）. HTCTH was a more effective photoinitiator which had longer wavelength absorption in the UV-vis absorption spectra than the low molecular counterpart benzophenone （BP）. It showed that both rate of polymerization （Rp） and final conversion （P） increased with increase of amine and HTCTH concentration in photopolymerization.     

Synthesis of Spiropyrimidodiazepines and Spirodiazepinopurines by Tandem Nitroso‐ene/Diels–Alder Reactions

New spirocyclic heterocycles 8, 16, 19/20, 25, 27 , and 30 derived from pyrimido[4,5‐b][1,4]diazepin]‐8′(9′H)‐one were synthesised by a tandem nitroso‐ene/Diels–Alder reaction of 4‐(alkenoylamino)‐5‐nitrosopyrimides. The crystal structure of 16 was established by X‐ray analysis. It is characterised by four pairs of intermolecular H‐bonds linking every two molecules in the unit cell. Sequential imine reduction and intramolecular condensation of the C(4′)‐(acylamino)‐pyrimido[4,5‐b][1,4]diazepines 27 and 30 led to the [1,4]diazepino[1,2,3‐gh]purines 28 / 29 and 31 , respectively.