高功率微波作用下热载流子引起n型金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管特性退化研究

高功率微波(HPM)通过使半导体器件特性退化和功能失效,从而干扰电子系统无法正常工作. 针对金属氧化物半导体(MOS)器件的HPM效应, 建立了高功率微波引起n型金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(nMOSFET)特性退化的物理过程与模型. 器件仿真结果中nMOSFET的输出特性曲线显示栅极注入HPM引起器件特性退化,包括阈值电压正向漂移、 饱和电流减小、跨导减小等;结合物理模型分析可知, HPM引起的高频脉冲电压使器件进入深耗尽状态, 热载流子数目增多,热载流子效应导致器件特性退化. MOS器件的HPM注入实验结果显示,器件特性曲线、器件模型参数变化趋势与仿真结果一致, 验证了HPM引起nMOSFET特性退化的物理过程与模型.     

Quasi-elastic scattering of the proton drip line nucleus 17F on 12C at 60 MeV

The quasi-elastic scattering angular distribution of the proton drip line nucleus ¹⁷F on a ¹²C target was measured at 60 MeV. The experimental data have been compared with the theoretical analysis based onto optical model and continuum discretized coupled channels (CDCC). The couplings between breakup and elastic scattering channels, and between inelastic and elastic scattering channels resulted very weak. In order to explore the breakup effects the total reaction cross-section was deduced from the angular distribution of the quasi-elastic scattering data, and then compared with the existing data for the other weakly and tightly bound nuclei on ¹²C target using a universal function. From this comparison, we concluded that the breakup effect is not important for weakly bound projectiles on the light target as obtained also with the CDCC analysis.     

Exchange bias behavior of monodisperse Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 core/shell nanoparticles

We have carried out systematic studies on well-characterized monodisperse Fe₃O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ core/shell nanoparticles of 2-30 nm having a very narrow size distribution and possessing a uniquely mono-layer of surface γ-Fe₂O₃. This unique core-shell structure, probably having a disordered magnetic surface state, leads us to three key observations of unusual magnetic properties: i) a very large magnetic exchange anisotropy reaching over 7 × 10⁶ erg/cm³ for the smaller particles, ii) exchange bias behavior in the magnetization data of the core/shell Fe₃O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, and iii) the temperature dependence of the coercive field following an unusual exponential behavior.     

Novel optical add-drop multiplexer based on dual racetrack resonators

In this paper, we designed and fabricated a four-channel optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM) based on dual racetrack resonators. The size of the fabricated device is only 2400 μm × 500 μm. The fabricated device can effectively and perfectly realize the signals upload and download. The free spectral range (FSR) of OADM is about 15.2 nm. We take the spectral responses near 1555 nm as an example. When the device acts as an optical drop multiplexer, the minimum insertion loss is 4.481 dB and the maximum extinction ratio is 31.931 dB. The maximum adjacent channels crosstalk is -9.845 dB. When the device acts as an optical add multiplexer, the minimum insertion loss is 0.944 dB and all of the extinction ratios are bigger than 25 dB. The maximum crosstalk is -16.531 dB which indicates the crosstalk can be neglected.     

Drynariae rhizoma increases immune response in mice

Drynariae Rhizoma (DR), a traditional Korean herbal medicine, has long been used for vital energy and to strengthen health in Korea. However, it is still unclear how DR has the effects in experimental models. We examined the immune-enhancing effect of DR in mice using the forced swimming test (FST) and in vitro tests with peritoneal macrophages. After daily oral administration of DR, blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue were measured after the FST. The immobility time in the FST was significantly decreased in the DR-treated group (100 mg/kg) on the 3th days. DR (10 and 100 mg/kg) treatment significantly decreased creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase levels, which are accurate indicators of muscle damage. Further, we examined how DR regulates nitric oxide (NO) production and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production and in mouse peritoneal macrophages. When DR was used in combination with recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma), there were noticeable cooperative productions of NO and TNF-alpha. These results suggest that DR improves immune function through the changes in indicators related to fatigue and the regulatory effects on immunological parameters, such as NO and TNF-alpha productions.     

Fast quality assessment of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) by headspace solid-phase microextraction: influence of flower development stage

For an adequate quality evaluation of aromatic plants grown under different conditions, a rapid, simple and sensitive method for the analysis of volatile constituents is indispensable. The main objective of the present study was to compare fast screening of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with conventional isolation of the essential oil (steam distillation-solvent extraction (SDSE)) for the differentiation of chamomile essential oil constituents. Flowers were harvested at two distinct development stages: stage I, when ligulate flowers start to develop and tubular flowers are still closed, and stage II, when tubular flowers are partially to completely opened. Dried chamomile flowers at two development stages were extracted by means of both SDSE and HS-SPME, followed by GC-MS analysis. Among 30 compounds detected, (E)-beta-farnesene (49%), artemisia ketone (10%) and germacrene D (9%) were the predominant volatile components in the HS-SPME-extract, while alpha-bisabolol oxide A (42%), chamazulene (21%) and (Z)-spiroether (8%) were the main essential oil constituents among the 13 compounds obtained by SDSE. After statistical analysis of the data, both techniques enabled the same conclusion: (E)-beta-farnesene was the only compound which showed significant differences between the two flower development stages. These results suggest that HS-SPME-GC-MS can be used as a sensitive technique for the rapid screening and quality assessment of M. chamomilla.     

The presence of high level soluble herpes virus entry mediator in sera of gastric cancer patients

The development of gastric cancer (GC) is closely related to chronic inflammation caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is a receptor expressed on the surface of leukocytes that mediates potent inflammatory responses in animal models. However, the role of HVEM in human GC has not been studied. Previously, we showed that the interaction of HVEM on human leukocytes with its ligand LIGHT induces intracellular calcium mobilization, which results in inflammatory responses including induction of proinflammatory cytokine production and anti-bacterial activities. In this study, we report that leukocytes from GC patients express lower levels of membrane HVEM (mHVEM) and have lower LIGHT-induced bactericidal activities than those from healthy controls (HC). In contrast, levels of soluble HVEM (sHVEM) in the sera of GC patients were significantly higher than in those of HC. We found that monocyte membrane-bound HVEM is released into the medium when cells are activated by proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-8, which are elevated in the sera of GC patients. mHVEM level dropped in parallel with the release of sHVEM, and release was completely blocked by the metalloprotease inhibitor, GM6001. We also found that the low level of mHVEM on GC patient leukocytes was correlated with low LIGHT-induced bactericidal activities against H. pylori and S. aureus and production of reactive oxygen species. Our results indicate that mHVEM on leukocytes and sHVEM in sera may contribute to the development and/or progression of GC.     

One unprecedented 1-D europium thioindate-thioantimonate based on heterometallic mixed nitro-thioclusters with photoluminescent properties

One novel 1-D europium thioindate-thioantimonate {[Eu(tepa)](2)[μ(2)-SbS(3)](μ(2)-H(2)O)}[Eu(tepa)In(4)S(9)]·0.25tepa (1, tepa = tetraethylenepentamine) has been solvothermally synthesized. 1 represents the first example of the coordination of a soft Lewis basic 1-D polymeric [In(4)S(9)(6-)](n) ligand to a hard Lewis acidic Eu(3+) ion. The wide-band-gap semiconductor and photoluminescence properties of 1 have been investigated.     

Synthesis and application of a recyclable ionic liquid-supported imidazolidinone catalyst in enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition

The synthesis of recyclable ionic liquid-supported imidazolidinone catalyst I and its application in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrone with α,β-unsaturated aldehyde with high performance were described. Most importantly, the catalyst I can be recovered and recycled for up to five runs without observing significant decrease in catalytic activity.