苯并咪唑基金属有机骨架/氧化石墨烯复合材料对罗丹明B的吸附

通过对溶剂热“一锅法”合成中碱性溶剂的调整,成功制备了2种形貌不同的Cd(Ⅱ)苯并咪唑基金属有机骨架(Cd-MOF)与氧化石墨烯(GO)的复合材料,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征,并研究了其对水中罗丹明 B(rhodamine B,RhB)的吸附性能。结果表明：GO的加入增强了Cd-MOF在水中的稳定性,提高了吸附能力;当溶液pH为3.5,吸附时间为60 min时,吸附率可达约95%。     

3,4-Dinitrobenzamide Functionalized CdTe/ZnTe Quantum Dots as a Nanoprobe for Imaging Glutathione S-Transferase in Living Cells

A novel fluorescent nanoprobe for glutathione S‐transferase (GST) has been developed by incorporating 3,4‐dinitrobenzamide (a specific substrate of GST) onto CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots. The probe itself displays a low background signal due to the strong quenching effect of the electron‐withdrawing unit of 3,4‐dinitrobenzamide on the quantum dots. However, GST can efficiently catalyze the nucleophilic substitution of reduced glutathione on the p‐nitro group of the nanoprobe, leading to a large fluorescence enhancement. Most notably, this enhancement shows high selectivity and sensitivity towards GST instead of the other biological substances. With this nanoprobe, a simple fluorescence imaging method for intracellular GST has been established, and its applicability has been successfully demonstrated for imaging GST in different living cells, which reveals that A549 cells express GST about 3 times higher than NIH‐3T3 and Hela cells.     

金属有机骨架薄膜材料的三阶非线性光学性能研究进展

金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料因其可设计的结构以及灵活可控的配位模式,在三阶非线性光学(NLO)领域引起了广泛的关注。与液体分散状态相比,MOFs在固体状态下的三阶NLO性能更为重要,这不仅可以深入了解MOFs本身所固有的光学性能,还有助于实现MOFs在光学器件中的实际应用。然而,由于散射的存在和透光率的限制,单独的MOFs材料难以直接实现固体状态下的三阶NLO性能研究,将MOFs制备成具有较好光学透过性的薄膜是研究其NLO性能最为可行的一种策略。MOFs薄膜不仅很好地继承了MOFs所固有的三阶NLO性能,而且还结合了薄膜的高透光率以及灵活的机械性能。基于此,本文分析总结了MOFs薄膜的制备方法及其NLO性能研究方面的相关工作,并根据目前MOFs薄膜在三阶NLO性能方面的研究现状对其未来发展予以了展望。     

IPET:测定独个生物大分子三维空间结构的实验方法

蛋白质的动态特性和结构活性对于蛋白质功能的调控具有根本意义。传统的结构确定方法(包括X射线和电子显微镜单颗粒分析技术等)往往需要成千上万不同蛋白质分子的平均信号,因此难以确定蛋白质分子的动态结构。而电子显微断层成像技术是一种对独个生物个体结构从不同的观测角度照相、并计算来恢复该个体的三维结构密度图的方法。传统的冷冻电子断层成像重构方法采用整个大尺寸电镜图像进行重构计算,通常用来研究细菌、细胞切片等大尺寸生物个体在较低分辨率下的结构;由于分辨率的限制,不足以获得小尺寸的蛋白质分子的结构细节。最近,任罡研究小组提出一种独个生物颗粒的电子显微断层成像方法(individual-particle electron tomography,IPET)。该方法通过减小图像尺寸(直至所选区域只包含单个蛋白质分子)的策略,运用提出的FETR(focused electron tomography reconstruction)算法来提高独个大分子重构的分辨率。此方法不需要初始模型和大量分子的平均信号,同时能够容忍一定的测角误差。本文综述了IPET/FETR方法在确定独个分子结构过程中的具体步骤以及如何应用该方法来研究蛋白动态特性和结构变化特征。期望通过该综述和国内同行交流,分享最新的前沿研究,为赶超世界科技前沿的建设添砖加瓦。     

超疏水表面研究进展

综述了超疏水表面研究进展,简述了超疏水表面研究的理论基础,归纳总结了超疏水表面的制备方法及存在的问题,并介绍了功能超疏水材料研究的最新进展.指出超疏水表面因其独特的自清洁性能而成为功能材料及表面界面科学领域的研究热点之一,并就其今后的发展进行了展望.     

二氧化硅负载磷钼酸铯催化苯液相硝化反应的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅负载磷钼酸铯催化剂,利用XRD、IR以及电位滴定等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并初步评价了催化剂的苯液相硝化反应催化性能。结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的二氧化硅负载磷钼酸铯具有典型的Keggin结构,且在苯液相硝化反应中表现出优良的催化性能;催化剂用量、反应时间和温度等反应参数对催化苯液相硝化反应有明显的影响,在优化实验条件下,苯硝化转化率可达95%;催化剂可回收重复使用,多次反应后催化剂活性组分有所损失,但催化剂整体物相和结构没有发生明显变化。     

Convenient Preparation of Cycloalkenyl Boronic Acid Pinacol Esters

A practical method for the preparation of cycloalkenyl boronic acid pinacol esters is described. These important synthetic intermediates are typically made using more expensive methods like transition metal-catalyzed borylation of alkenyl halides or triflates. In this work, they are obtained from the simple corresponding cycloalkanones, which are subjected to Shapiro reaction conditions followed by trapping with a borate ester. The requisite products are obtained in very good to excellent yields, and the reactions can be scaled up to multigram amounts. By providing a simple alternative to common methods that make use of expensive transition-metal catalysts and formation of sensitive intermediates, this convenient method will be useful for the synthesis of ring-containing partners for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and other reactions employing boronic esters as substrates.     

固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法同时检测水体中9种环境雌激素

建立了固相萃取-气质联用法(SPE-GC-MS)测定水体中9种环境雌激素:雌酮(E1)、17b-雌二醇(E2)、雌三醇(E3)、4-辛基酚(OP)、4-壬基酚(NP)、双酚A(BPA)、己烯雌酚(DES)、美雌醇(EE3ME)和17a-炔雌醇(EE2)的检测方法,优化了萃取和衍生化反应条件,实验结果表明:HLB柱回收率较高,衍生化反应的温度为75℃,衍生时间为90 min;本方法对9种环境雌激素的加标回收率为60.5%～126.7%,对应的相对标准偏差为0.8%～11.1%,方法检出限为1.08～8.60 ng/L,并将本方法应用于实际环境水样的检测。     

Graphene Oxide Protected Nucleic Acid Probes for Bioanalysis and Biomedicine

Recently, the binding ability of DNA on GO and resulting nuclease resistance have attracted increasing attention, leading to new applications both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, nucleic acids absorbed on GO can be effectively protected from enzymatic degradation and biological interference in complicated samples, making it useful for targeted delivery, gene regulation, intracellular detection and imaging with high uptake efficiencies, high intracellular stability, and very low toxicity. In vitro, the adsorption of ssDNA on GO surface and desorption of dsDNA or well‐folded ssDNA from GO surface result in the protection and deprotection of DNA from nucleic digestion, respectively, which has led to target‐triggered cyclic enzymatic amplification methods (CEAM) for amplified detection of analytes with sensitivity 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than that of 1:1 binding strategies. This Concept article explores some of the latest developments in this field.     

高效液相色谱法测定环孢素A含量

提出了高效液相色谱法测定环孢素A含量的方法。以Agilent Extend C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为固定相,以乙腈、水、叔丁基甲醚和磷酸按体积比500比500比50比1的混合溶液为流动相,用紫外检测器检测,检测波长为210nm。环孢素A的质量浓度在0.025～2.00g.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系。方法应用于环孢素原料药分析,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于1.0%,用标准加入法做回收试验,回收率在99.3%～101%之间。