Two-dimensional static black holes with pointlike sources

We study the static black hole solutions of generalized two-dimensional dilaton-gravity theories generated by pointlike mass sources, in the hypothesis that the matter is conformally coupled.We also discuss the motion of test particles. Due to conformal coupling, these follow the geodesics of a metric obtained by rescaling the canonical metric with the dilaton.     

Idempotent elements of the semigroup corresponding to an X-semilattice of unions of the class Σ16(X, 6)

It is known that if we know all XI-subsemilattices of a given X-semilattice of unions, then we can determine all idempotent elements of the semigroup, and the structure of idempotent elements is characterized. In this work, we find idempotent elements of the semigroup corresponding to X-semilattices of unions of the class ??₁₆(X, 6). Moreover, we give formulas for the number of idempotent elements, where X is finite.     

Process design methodology for organometallic chemistry in continuous flow systems

This publication summarises the methodology applied in the process design and scale up of fast, exothermic reactions using organometallic reagents for synthesis of intermediates in the production of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). Process understanding was developed by calculation of the kinetic parameters of the desired reactions and subsequent degradation of the reaction products along with calorimetric understanding. A reaction model, developed in silico, was used to specify process parameters to maximise yield and limit product degradation. The designed process operates with pseudo-adiabatic reaction conditions, from ambient temperatures with negligible impurity formation.     

Concise synthesis of the C-1-C-12 fragment of amphidinolides T1-T5

The C-1-C-12 segment of the amphidinolides T1-T5 has been synthesised in an efficient manner. The key transformations are highly diastereoselective rearrangement of an oxonium ylide, or metal-bound ylide equivalent, produced by intramolecular reaction of a copper carbenoid with an allylic ether, and macrocyclic fragment coupling by one-pot ring-closing metathesis and hydrogenation.     

Determination and evaluation of natural radioactivity and heavy metal levels in the aquatic environment of trans-boundary rivers: Maritza,Tundja and Arda

The main problem in the trans-boundary river system is that heavy metal and radioactive pollution can cause long-term effects on ecosystems. Therefore the natural radioactivity and heavy metal levels in the Maritza, Tundja and Arda Rivers, common for Bulgaria and Turkey, were determined for 3 years period (2007–2010). Gross alpha, gross beta and total radium isotopes activities, uranium and heavy metal concentrations of the surface water of the rivers were investigated and also terrestrial gamma and gamma dose rate were measured. The results were compared with reported data from other countries of the world and the recommended international standards. The results gathered in this study may provide background data on the natural radioactive and heavy metal levels of these trans-boundary rivers.     

Durchflu?methoden zur Bestimmung von Hauptkomponenten in Gew?ssern, Regenwasser und Trinkwasser

Zusammenfassung Eine Literaturübersicht über Durchflußbestimmungen von Hauptkomponenten in verschiedenen Wassertypen wird gegeben. Die diskutierten Hauptkomponenten sind: Alkalität, Chlorid, Nitrit, Nitrat, Phosphat, Sulfat, Ammonium, Kalium, Lithium, Natrium, Barium, Calcium, Magnesium und Strontium. Einzelheiten der referierten Methoden, wie z.B. Wasserart, Bereich der Methode, Störungen usw. werden in einer separat angefertigten Übersicht dargestellt, die von der Redaktion auf Anforderung erhältlich ist.

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Flow analysis for the determination of the main components of waters, rain water and drinking water

Summary A survey of the literature concerning flow-through determination of the main components in various types of water is given. These components are: alkalinity, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate, ammonium, potassium, lithium, sodium, barium, calcium, magnesium and strontium. Details with regard to e.g. type of water, range of the method, interferences etc. are given in a separate compilation which is available from the editor upon request.

     

Determination of selected natural hormones and endocrine disrupting compounds in domestic wastewater treatment plants by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction

A new analytical method for the simultaneous determination of two natural hormones (progesterone and estrone) and two selected endocrine disrupter compounds (EDCs) (diltiazem and carbamazepine (Cbz)) was developed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) after pre-concentration with solid phase extraction (SPE). Influent and effluent samples taken from five different wastewater treatment plants throughout Turkey namely Hurma/Antalya, Lara/Antalya, Kemer-1 and Kemer-2 and METU/Ankara were analyzed for their EDCs contents under the optimum conditions. All of the parameters in the pre-concentration step were optimized and the best recoveries for all compounds of interest were achieved at pH 7 (about 100%). Progesterone was not detected in any of the treatment plants while diltiazem was found in all samples with the exception of Lara effluent.     

Reductive cleavage of ether and thioether bonds on 1,3-benzodioxole and 1,3-benzoxathiole derivatives

The reaction of lithium and sodium diethylamide with 1,3-benzodioxoles and 1,3-benzoxathioles is here reported. 1,3-Benzodioxoles exhibit selective cleavage of the ether bond with formation of alkoxyphenols; 1,3-benzoxathioles when reacting with sodium diethylamide lead to 2-alkoxybenzenethiols while with lithium diethylamide give 2-alkoxybenzenethiols together with 2-(alkylthio)phenols.