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71.
Paulo Herbert Simone Morais Paula Paíga Arminda Alves Lúcia Santos 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(6):391-400
A procedure for the determination of seven indicator PCBs in soils and sediments using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) prior to GC-MS/MS is described. Optimization of the HS-SPME was carried out for the most important parameters such as extraction time, sample volume and temperature. The adopted methodology has reduced consumption of organic solvents and analysis runtime. Under the optimized conditions, the method detection limit ranged from 0.6 to 1?ng/g when 5?g of sample was extracted, the precision on real samples ranged from 4 to 21% and the recovery from 69 to 104%. The proposed method, which included the analysis of a certified reference material in its validation procedure, can be extended to several other PCBs and used in the monitoring of soil or sediments for the presence of PCBs. 相似文献
72.
Vera Homem Arminda Alves 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(14-15):1063-1084
The adsorption of the antibiotic amoxicillin at low concentration levels (µg?L?1 order) from aqueous solution on almond shell ashes has been investigated, either by kinetic or equilibrium assays. The effect of the adsorbent amount, initial concentration of the antibiotic, particle diameter (dp) and temperature were considered to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. The results showed that amoxicillin sorption is dependent on these four factors. The adsorption process was relatively fast and equilibrium was established in about 12 hours. The optimum parameters for an initial concentration of 450?µg?L?1 were 50?mg of adsorbent, 303?K and dp?<?600?µm. A comparison of kinetic models showed that pseudo-second order kinetics provides the best correlation of the experimental data. Isotherm data adjusted better to Langmuir equation, with an adsorption capacity of 2.5?±?0.1?mg?g?1 at 303?K. The desorption process was also evaluated (maximum efficiency of 5%). Thermodynamic parameters were calculated and the negative value of ΔH0 and ΔG0 showed that adsorption was exothermic and a spontaneous process. 相似文献
73.
Liane K. Soares Renata G. LaraRaquel G. Jacob Eder J. LenardãoDiego Alves Gelson Perin 《Tetrahedron letters》2014
We present herein our results on the nucleophilic addition of imidazole to a range of arylselanylalkynes by simple heating in DMF without any additives to give (Z)-1-(1-organyl-(2-arylselanyl)vinyl)-1H-imidazoles. The reactions were performed under mild conditions with a range of arylselanylalkynes in good yields and with high regio- and stereoselectivity to give the respective (Z)-arylselanyl alkene as the only isomer. 相似文献
74.
M. Saiki J. O. Santos E. R. Alves F. A. Genezini M. P. Marcelli P. H. N. Saldiva 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2014,299(1):773-779
In this study neutron activation analysis was applied to analyze lichen samples used as atmospheric pollutant biomonitors in order to verify if there is correlation between air pollution and its effects on the cardio respiratory system. Canoparmelia texana lichenized fungii species was chosen for passive biomonitoring of atmospheric pollutants. The population group selected for this study was adults over 45 years. Lichen samples collected in São Paulo city were cleaned, freeze-dried and ground for the analyses. Aliquots of samples were irradiated at the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor for short and long periods along with synthetic element standards. The induced gamma activities of the samples and standards were measured using a gamma ray spectrometer with an HPGe detector and the concentrations of As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se,Th, V, Zn and lanthanides were determined. For quality control of the results, certified reference materials were analyzed together. Mortality data for the population due to cardio-respiratory diseases were obtained from the database of the Secretariat of Health of the São Paulo Municipality for the years 2005–2009. Results obtained point to vehicular and industrial emissions as the origins of pollutants in São Paulo city. The statistical treatment of Pearson’s correlation applied to the results of lichen element concentrations and mortality rates indicated significant positive correlation for the elements Co, Mn and Zn for adults. 相似文献
75.
Andreia Alves Agnieszka Kucharska Claudio Erratico Fuchao Xu Elly Den Hond Gudrun Koppen Guido Vanermen Adrian Covaci Stefan Voorspoels 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(17):4063-4088
Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a scientific technique that allows us to assess whether and to what extent environmental pollutants enter humans. We review here the current HBM efforts for organophosphate esters, emerging flame retardants, perfluoroalkyl substances, and phthalate esters. Use of some of these chemicals has already been banned or restricted; they are regularly detected in the environment, wildlife, and human matrices. Traditionally, blood and urine collection have been widely used as sampling methods. New non-invasive approaches (e.g., saliva, hair, nails) are emerging as valid alternatives since they offer advantages with respect to sampling, handling, and ethical aspects, while ensuring similar reliability and sensitivity. Nevertheless, the identification of biomarkers of exposure is often difficult because chemicals may be metabolized in the human body. For many of the above-mentioned compounds, the mechanisms of the favorable metabolization pathways have not been unraveled, but research on important metabolites that could be used as biomarkers of exposure is growing. This review summarizes the state of the art regarding human exposure to, (non-invasive) HBM of, and metabolism of major organophosphate esters, emerging flame retardants, perfluoroalkyl substances, and phthalate esters currently detected in the environment. Figure
Human biomonitoring of emerging contaminants-non-invasive versus invasive matrices 相似文献
76.
Fbio Bernardo Providencia Gonzlez-Hernndez Nuno Ratola Vernica Pino Arminda Alves Vera Homem 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(11)
Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) constitute a group of compounds used in a great variety of products, particularly personal care products. Due to their massive use, they are continually discharged into wastewater treatment plants and are increasingly being detected in wastewater and in the environment at low concentrations. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a fast and reliable methodology to screen seven VMSs in water samples, by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The influence of several factors affecting the extraction efficiency was investigated using a design of experiments approach. The main factors were selected (fiber type, sample volume, ionic strength, extraction and desorption time, extraction and desorption temperature) and optimized, employing a central composite design. The optimal conditions were: 65 µm PDMS/Divinylbenzene fiber, 10 mL sample, 19.5% NaCl, 39 min extraction time, 10 min desorption time, and 33 °C and 240 °C as extraction and desorption temperature, respectively. The methodology was successfully validated, showing low detection limits (up to 24 ng/L), good precision (relative standard deviations below 15%), and accuracy ranging from 62% to 104% in wastewater, tap, and river water samples. 相似文献
77.
Sílvia Quaresma Paula C. Alves Patrícia Rijo M. Teresa Duarte Vnia Andr 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(7)
The urge for the development of a more efficient antibiotic crystalline forms led us to the disclosure of new antibiotic coordination frameworks of pyrazinamide, a well-known drug used for the treatment of tuberculosis, with some of the novel compounds unravelling improved antimycobacterial activity. Mechanochemistry was the preferred synthetic technique to yield novel compounds, allowing the reproduction of a 1D zinc framework, the synthesis of a novel hydrogen bonding manganese framework, and three new compounds with silver. The structural characterization of the novel forms is presented along with stability studies. The increased antimicrobial activity of the new silver-based frameworks against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium smegmatis is particularly relevant. 相似文献
78.
Moura Ramos Joaquim J. Diogo Hermínio P. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2021,145(6):3077-3085
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The thermal behavior of the two glass-forming drugs bifonazole and lamotrigine was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); we reported a... 相似文献
79.
Cabral-de-Mello DC Silva FA de Cássia de Moura R 《Micron (Oxford, England : 1993)》2007,38(3):323-325
Eurysternus caribaeus was analyzed cytologically by conventional chromosomal staining. The species presents a diploid number of 2n=8, chromosomes with two arms and an XY sex determining mechanism. This is the first karyotype described for the genus Eurysternus and the tribe Eurysternini, and is also the smallest diploid number observed in the family Scarabaeidae and superfamily Scarabaeoidea. 相似文献