全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1473篇 |
免费 | 73篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1075篇 |
晶体学 | 17篇 |
力学 | 40篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
数学 | 165篇 |
物理学 | 257篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 24篇 |
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 68篇 |
2020年 | 68篇 |
2019年 | 59篇 |
2018年 | 41篇 |
2017年 | 40篇 |
2016年 | 61篇 |
2015年 | 41篇 |
2014年 | 66篇 |
2013年 | 93篇 |
2012年 | 119篇 |
2011年 | 120篇 |
2010年 | 70篇 |
2009年 | 54篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 88篇 |
2006年 | 63篇 |
2005年 | 58篇 |
2004年 | 34篇 |
2003年 | 48篇 |
2002年 | 40篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1555条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Omar Sarheed Manar Dibi Kanteti V. R. N. S. Ramesh Markus Drechsler 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(9)
Transdermal drug delivery of lidocaine is a good choice for local anesthetic delivery. Microemulsions have shown great effectiveness for the transdermal transport of lidocaine. Oil-in-water nanoemulsions are particularly suitable for encapsulation of lipophilic molecules because of their ability to form stable and transparent delivery systems with good skin permeation. However, fabrication of nanoemulsions containing lidocaine to provide an extended local anesthetic effect is challenging. Hence, the aim of this study was to address this issue by employing alginate-based o/w nanocarriers using nanoemulsion template that is prepared by combined approaches of ultrasound and phase inversion temperature (PIT). In this study, the influence of system composition such as oil type, oil and surfactant concentration on the particle size, in vitro release and skin permeation of lidocaine nanoemulsions was investigated. Structural characterization of lidocaine nanoemulsions as a function of water dilution was done using DSC. Nanoemulsions with small droplet diameters (d < 150 nm) were obtained as demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryo-TEM. These nanoemulsions were also able to release 90% of their content within 24-h through PDMS and pig skin and able to the drug release over a 48-h. This extended-release profile is highly favorable in transdermal drug delivery and shows the great potential of this nanoemulsion as delivery system. 相似文献
72.
We describe a proposal for the generation of a single-mode photonic number state, |N〉, in a traveling wave optical field. The state is obtained by state reduction from an input coherent state using Kerr media. Our method is based on a previous scheme used for hole burning in the Fock space by minimizing the Mandel Q parameter. The same method was used by Maia et al., but ours is different, it requires only one single photon injected in the entire setup and one photon detection at the end. 相似文献
73.
In a recent paper—F. Ciccarello et al., New J. Phys. 8, 214 (2006)—we have demonstrated that the electron transmission properties of a one-dimensional (1D) wire with two identical embedded spin-1/2 impurities can be significantly affected by entanglement between the spins of the scattering centers. Such an effect is of particular interest in the control of the transmission of quantum information in nanostructures and can be used as a detection scheme of maximally entangled states of two localized spins. In this letter, we relax the constraint that the two magnetic impurities are equal and investigate how the main results presented in the above paper are affected by a static disorder in the exchange coupling constants of the impurities. Good robustness against deviation from impurity symmetry is found for both the entanglement dependent transmission and the maximally entangled states generation scheme. 相似文献
74.
Ionics - Two chemical bath deposition (CBD) solutions were prepared at two different temperatures of 60 and 80 °C for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application. The deposition time... 相似文献
75.
A posteriori error analysis for nonconforming approximations of an anisotropic elliptic problem 下载免费PDF全文
Boujemâa Achchab Abdellatif Agouzal Adil Majdoubi Driss Meskine Ali Souissi 《Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations》2015,31(3):950-976
We develop in this article an a posteriori error estimator for the P1‐nonconforming finite element approximation, for a diffusion‐reaction equation. We adopt the error in a constitutive law approach in two and three dimensional space, for not necessary piecewise constant data of problems. The efficiency and the reliability of our estimators are proved, neither Helmholtz decomposition of the error nor saturation assumption. The constants are explicitly given, which prove the robustness of these estimators. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 950–976, 2015 相似文献
76.
77.
Alam Perwez Siddiqui Nasir Ali Al-Rehaily Adnan J. Alajmi Mohamed Fahad Basudan Omar Ahmed Khan Tajdar Hussain 《平面色谱法杂志一现代薄层色谱法》2014,27(3):204-209
JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - A simple, sensitive, and stability-indicating high-performance thinlayer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometric method was developed... 相似文献
78.
Water‐Stable Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Material with High‐Surface Area and Gas‐Storage Capacities 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Oleksii V. Gutov Dr. Wojciech Bury Dr. Diego A. Gomez‐Gualdron Dr. Vaiva Krungleviciute Dr. David Fairen‐Jimenez Dr. Joseph E. Mondloch Dr. Amy A. Sarjeant Salih S. Al‐Juaid Prof. Dr. Randall Q. Snurr Prof. Dr. Joseph T. Hupp Prof. Dr. Taner Yildirim Prof. Dr. Omar K. Farha 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(39):12389-12393
We designed, synthesized, and characterized a new Zr‐based metal–organic framework material, NU‐1100 , with a pore volume of 1.53 ccg?1 and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 4020 m2g?1; to our knowledge, currently the highest published for Zr‐based MOFs. CH4/CO2/H2 adsorption isotherms were obtained over a broad range of pressures and temperatures and are in excellent agreement with the computational predictions. The total hydrogen adsorption at 65 bar and 77 K is 0.092 g g?1, which corresponds to 43 g L?1. The volumetric and gravimetric methane‐storage capacities at 65 bar and 298 K are approximately 180 vSTP/v and 0.27 g g?1, respectively. 相似文献
79.
Haq Nawaz Paulo A. R. Pires Thaís A. Bioni Elizabeth P. G. Arêas Omar A. El Seoud 《Cellulose (London, England)》2014,21(3):1193-1204
Rate constants for the acetylation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), by ethanoic anhydride in the presence of increasing concentrations of the ionic liquid (IL), 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in dipolar aprotic solvents (DAS), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), and acetonitrile (MeCN), have been calculated from conductivity data. The third order rate constants showed a linear dependence on [IL]. We explain this result by assuming that the reacting cellulose is hydrogen-bonded to the IL. This is corroborated by kinetic data of the acetylation of cyclohexylmethanol, FTIR of the latter compound and of cellobiose in mixtures of IL/DAS, and conductivity of the binary solvent mixtures in absence, and presence of MCC. Cellulose acetylation is faster in IL/DMAC than in IL/MeCN; this difference is explained based on solvatochromic data (empirical polarity and basicity) and molecular dynamics simulations. Results of the latter indicate hydrogen-bond formation between the hydroxyl groups of the anhydroglucose unit of MCC, (Cl?) of the IL, and the dipole of the DMAC. Under identical experimental conditions, acetylation in IL/DMAC is faster than that in LiCl/DMAC (2.7–8 times), due to differences in the enthalpies and entropies of activation. 相似文献
80.
Ionizable Amphiphilic Dendrimer‐Based Nanomaterials with Alkyl‐Chain‐Substituted Amines for Tunable siRNA Delivery to the Liver Endothelium In Vivo 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Omar F. Khan Edmond W. Zaia Dr. Hao Yin Dr. Roman L. Bogorad Dr. Jeisa M. Pelet Dr. Matthew J. Webber Iris Zhuang Dr. James E. Dahlman Prof. Robert Langer Prof. Daniel G. Anderson 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(52):14397-14401
A library of dendrimers was synthesized and optimized for targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery to different cell subpopulations within the liver. Using a combinatorial approach, a library of these nanoparticle‐forming materials was produced wherein the free amines on multigenerational poly(amido amine) and poly(propylenimine) dendrimers were substituted with alkyl chains of increasing length, and evaluated for their ability to deliver siRNA to liver cell subpopulations. Interestingly, two lead delivery materials could be formulated in a manner to alter their tissue tropism within the liver—with formulations from the same material capable of preferentially delivering siRNA to 1) endothelial cells, 2) endothelial cells and hepatocytes, or 3) endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and tumor cells in vivo. The ability to broaden or narrow the cellular destination of siRNA within the liver may provide a useful tool to address a range of liver diseases. 相似文献