红外光谱法研究LB膜中的分子取向

The structure information of orientation and packing of molecular chains can be obtained from infrared transmission and reflection-absorbance (RA) spectra. In the present paper, on the basis of Umemura et al., their FORTRAN program of minicomputer was developed and can be run on 486 personal computer. By comparison of infrared transmission and RA intensities, surface enhancement factors and molecular orientation angle were calculated using the above program, and the influence of complex refractive index, angle of incidence, and thickness of LB film were discussed. These results are consistent with that of Umemura et al.     

Ce(III)在辣根体中的迁移

应用放射性同位素示踪法, 即结合放射自显影和液体闪烁器检测及电镜放射自显影技术, 首次定性、定量地研究Ce(III)离子在辣根植物中的迁移. 结果表明: (1) Ce(III)离子能被辣根植物吸收并随时间发生迁移; (2)电镜放射自显影结果显示, Ce(III)离子迁移是通过质外体至共质体进入细胞的. Ce(III)离子在辣根植物体中的行为, 为稀土离子植物环境效应机理及辣根植物安全防护提供借鉴.     

高稳定性CaO-ZrO2固体碱催化剂的表征和催化性能

用共沉淀法经高温焙烧制备了CaO摩尔分数从10%至50%的CaO-ZrO₂系列催化剂, 将其应用于碳酸丙烯酯和甲醇酯交换合成碳酸二甲酯过程, 并通过XRD, FT-IR, BET, ICP, CO₂-TPD, XPS等表征手段研究了催化剂的物性及其催化性能随组成变化的的规律. 结果表明, 当CaO摩尔分数高于30%时, 表面出现游离的CaO, 虽然具有强碱性和高活性, 但是稳定性差; 而当CaO摩尔分数低于30%时, Ca^2＋进入ZrO₂晶格, CaO与ZrO₂形成连续固溶体, 并且随着CaO含量的增加, 晶格氧的电荷密度增加, 催化剂的碱性增强, 使得CaO-ZrO₂催化剂在碳酸丙烯酯和甲醇酯交换合成碳酸二甲酯过程中获得了高活性和高稳定性.     

小分子配体诱导合成N,N-二苄基二硫代氨基甲酸镉(II)配合物及晶体结构

4,4'-联吡啶与二苄基二硫代氨基甲酸镉配合物[Cd(DBTC)₂]₂ (1)反应得到加合物[Cd(DBTC)₂(4,4'-bipy)] (2) (DBTC＝N,N-二苄基二硫代氨基甲酸), 通过晶体结构分析及红外光谱等研究其结构与性质. 结果表明: 引入小分子配体会破坏[Cd(DBTC)₂]₂ (1)的二聚结构, 加入吡啶则得到单核的吡啶加合物[Cd(DBTC)₂py] (3), 而引入4,4'-联吡啶后其结构变为新型的一维链状结构的配位聚合物2, 这种结构在二硫代氨基甲酸金属配合物中少见报道. 也比较了不同配体如吡啶及4,4'-联吡啶对Cd(II)及Zn(II)配合物结构的影响.     

微孔[Me4N]2HgGe4S10的溶剂热合成与表征

用溶剂热方法合成了[Me₄N]₂HgGe₄S₁₀, 通过单晶X射线衍射, IR, DSC-TG手段对其进行了表征. 结果表明, 标题化合物属四方晶系, I-4空间群, 晶胞参数a＝0.92687(8) nm, c＝1.43739(12) nm, V＝1.23484(18) nm³, Z＝2, Mo Kα λ＝0.071073 nm, R₁＝0.0570, wR₂＝0.1374, 空旷骨架结构由超四面体Ge₄S₁₀与HgS₄四面体共用顶点连接而成, 有机模板离子在一维孔道中. 该化合物具有一定的热稳定性, 在320 ℃发生分解形成GeS₂.     

Ru(II)催化有机叠氮与炔反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论, 对在Ru(II)催化剂存在下, 有机叠氮化合物和末端炔的反应机理作了深入理论研究. 在B3LYP/LANL2DZ水平上, 对该反应体系中势能面各驻点的几何构型进行了全优化计算, 并经振动频率分析确定了过渡态和中间体, 通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)的计算, 确认了反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的相关性. 对多个反应通道的协同反应以及分步反应进行了研究. 结果表明: 协同反应通道Ic和分步反应通道IIc是反应能垒较低的反应通道, 活化自由能较其它反应通道低, 有利于1,5-二取代1,2,3-三唑的生成, 具有特定的区域选择性, 与实验结果吻合.     

大气条件下O3与乙炔反应速率常数的测定

O₃是对流层大气中一种重要的氧化剂, 其与反应活性气体的反应是大气对流层中重要的反应过程, 对于研究空气污染的对策有重要意义. 我们使用自行建设的烟雾箱模拟反应装置, 结合O₃分析仪和气相色谱研究了O₃和乙炔的反应. 研究测得O₃和乙炔在室温下(15 ℃)反应的4次实验的速率常数的平均值为4.13×10^－21 cm³•molecule^－1•s^－1, 其变动系数为7%. 与文献中采用其它方法得到的实验值相吻合. 所得结果表明, 我们测定的反应速率常数有较高的精密度, 我们所建的大气反应烟雾箱模拟系统是可靠的, 可以用于大气O₃浓度条件下O₃的其它大气化学反应过程的深入研究, 为进一步深入研究大气中其它重要反应活性气体的化学反应提供了一定的基础.     

铈锆比对低贵金属Pt＋Rh/Ce0.3＋xZr0.6－xY0.1O1.95＋Al2O3三效催化剂性能的影响

用共沉淀法制得一系列铈锆比不同的Ce_0.3＋xZr_0.6－xY_0.1O_1.95储氧材料, 并用于制备了一系列低贵金属Pt＋Rh/Ce_0.3＋xZr_0.6－xY_0.1O_1.95＋Al₂O₃三效催化剂. 用比表面、程序升温还原以及X射线衍射对该系列催化剂进行表征, 结果发现, 催化剂的活性与催化剂中贵金属的还原性能密切相关, 低铈储氧材料比高铈储氧材料更有利于促进贵金属还原, 因而含低铈储氧材料催化剂的活性明显优于含高铈储氧材料催化剂的活性, Pt＋Rh/Ce_0.35Zr_0.55Y_0.1O_1.95＋Al₂O₃的活性最佳, 对HC, CO和NO的起燃温度最低分别为: 235, 175, 200 ℃. 样品经1000 ℃水热老化之后, 贵金属Pt被烧结而发生迁移, 使得催化剂的活性及还原性能变差, 含低铈材料的催化剂的抗老化性能优于含高铈材料的催化剂, 其中Pt＋Rh/Ce_0.35Zr_0.55Y_0.1O_1.95＋Al₂O₃的抗老化性能最好.     

8-羟基喹啉单体及二聚体质子转移反应的理论研究

Density functional theory （DFT） of quantum chemistry method was employed to investigate proton transfer reactions of 8-hydroxyquinoline （8-HQ） monomers and dimers. By studying the potential energy curves of the isomerization, the most possible reaction pathway was found. The total energy of 8-hydroxyquinoline was lower than that of quinolin-8（1H）-one, whereas the order was reversed in dimers. The findings explained the contrary experimental phenomena. The minimum reaction barrier of intramolecular proton transfer was 47.3 kJ/mol while that in dimer was only 25.7 kJ/mol. Hence it is obvious that proton transfer reactions of 8-HQ monomer have a considerable rate but it is easier to proceed for 8-HQ dimer than monomers. It implied that the hydrogen bond played an important role in depressing the activation energy of reaction. The mechanism of the tautomerization was discussed on the basis of theoretical results.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Fluoro- and Chloro- bimetallic Alkoxides as Precursors for Luminescent Metal Oxide Materials via Sol-Gel Technique

Heterobimetallic alkoxides are broadly recognized as versatile precursors for luminescence materials, and efforts are being made to develop novel routes by applying the concept of geometrical molecular design, for their synthesis and to design a single source precursor suited to photoluminescent materials. Novel and new series of bimetallic alkoxides has been prepared by metathesis route. They exhibit a lower sensitivity towards hydrolysis and so they are easier to handle as compared to other alkoxides. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopies. FT-IR revealed that the molecular structure of these metal alkoxides was retained to a large extent in 4 ： 1 halogenated alcohol-benzene solution. The heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy provided useful information about chemical shifts for better understanding the likely structure based on interactions with their coordinate metals. The mass spectra show similar types of fragmentation pattern. SEM-EDS analyses showed consistency with the formulation. XRD patterns show an enhanced homogeneity at high temperature. TGA measurements show that thermal decomposition occured in steps that depended entirely on the chemical compositions and the synthesis routes. SEM observation reveals that the morphology and particle size strongly depend on synthesis routes for their precursors.