铀催化的氮气活化

氮气约占空气总体积的78%,是大自然赋予人类的宝贵资源。如何实现氮气转化为动植物可利用的含氮化合物,关系着人类的未来和社会的可持续发展。氮气活化,作为一个非常重要的研究领域,一直以来都是科学家面临的重大挑战。目前,低价铀金属有机化合物展现出良好的小分子活化能力。本综述主要介绍了含铀化合物对氮气活化的研究进展,并对其未来进行了展望。     

载荷诱导骨生长的力学细胞生物学机制

骨骼的结构和功能在很大程度上依赖于其所处的力学环境,这一观点已被广为接受．自从Ｗｏｌｆｆ提出其著名的骨转换定律以来,骨生长与载荷间的关系一直是生物力学中一个重要的问题．大量的动物实验均证明二者之间存在明确的关联．然而,载荷诱导骨生长的力学细胞生物学（ｍｅｃｈａｎｏｃｙ－ｔｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ）机制仍很不清楚．十余年来体外培养骨骼细胞加载的研究为应力（应变）诱导骨生长提供了一个微观理论框架．目前认为,载荷诱导骨生长的过程可分为四个环节,即：力学耦联、生物化学耦联、胞间信号转导和效应细胞反应．详细阐述了这几个环节,并就今后的研究方向作一讨论．     

计算多层膜组分和厚度的软件FPMULTI及其应用

本文简述了可用于多层镀层和多层薄膜成分和厚度同时分析的计算机软件ＦＰＭＵＬＴＩ的主要特点。这个基于基本参数法的计算机软件可以分析多至１０层,最多含２５个元素的各类试样。所需的校正标样可以是纯元素或多元素的薄膜标样,亦可以是纯元素或多元素的块样。本文的研究表明,用ＦＰＭＵＬＴＩ的分析结果明显优于检量线法,体现了基本参数法的优点。     

SELF-SIMILAR GLOBAL TEXTURES AND MEMBRANES—A NEW INTERPRETATION FOR THE COSMIC MATTER-STRUCTURE FORMATION

The existence and evolution of spherical membrane configurations in spherical-symmetric and self-similar spacetimes are studied, and a solution for the dynamics of membranes is obtained. A new interpretation for the origin and evo lution of the cosmic matter-structures is acquired. It agrees well with the survey of astronomy.     

FORMATIONS OF FRACTAL ISLANDS AGGREGATED WITH DISCS IN GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION ON NONLATTICE SUBSTRATES

The growth mechanism of fractal islands on a two-dimensional nonlattice substrate with periodic boundary conditions has been investigated by using Monte Carlo technique. Results show that the fractal dimension d_f of the final ramified islands is almost independent of the diffusion step length, mobility and rigid rotation of the islands. The characteristics of the size distribution of the discs in an island do not change the dimension d_f of the island. However, we find that d_f increases linearly with the surface coverage ρ of the system and its slope decreases with the increase of the mean diameter of the discs.     

AB INITIO STUDY ON THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND MAGNETISM OF MnAs, MnSb, AND MnBi

We report the results of first-principles calculations on the electronic structure in ferromagnetic and non-magnetic hexagonal MnV (V=As, Sb, Bi). The calculations are based on the local-spin-density approximation (LSDA) of the density-functional theory (DFT) as well as the atomic sphere approximation (ASA) in the linear muffin-tin orbitals (LMTO) method. For the non-spin-polarized case, the calculated bands in these compounds exhibit p-d mixing in the vicnity of Fermi energy and the Mn 3d bands dominate the antibonding parts of p-d hybride. The spin-polarization in ferromagnetic states are mainly due to the splitting of anti-bonding bands from p-d mixing. The calculated spin moments in these compounds agree fairly well with experimental values and refine previous band calculations. In the spin-polarized band structure, the Mn 3d electrons are found to exhibit week dispersions.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定碳酸盐型石墨中硅、铁、铝等9种元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定碳酸盐型石墨中硅、铁、铝等9种元素的方法。样品在105℃烘干,放置于铂金坩埚中950℃分解,再经过偏硼酸锂熔融,冷却后用HCl(1+1)提取,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定其中的Si、Ca、Mn、Mg、Ti、K、Na、Al、Fe 9种元素。实验表明,9种元素的检出限在1～50μg/g。加标回收率在98.5%～102%。方法适应于碳酸盐型石墨中各元素的分析。     

溴酸钾滴定法测定铜冶炼烟尘中的砷含量

研究了测定铜冶炼烟尘中砷含量的溴酸钾滴定方法。对测定体系中的各共存元素进行研究,探讨了测定方法的各项测定条件,方法的相对标准偏差RSD为0.13%～0.61%,样品加标回收率在99.5%～100%,方法精密度高,准确度好,适用于铜冶炼烟尘中砷含量为1.00%～50.00%的测定。     

含灰气体激波沿平壁传播时诱导的边界层流动*

本文研究合灰气体激波沿平直壁面传播过程中在壁面附近形成的层流边界层流动。我们依照双连续介质双向耦合模型处理含灰气体激波的波后流动及其诱导的边界层问题,控制方程采用有限差分方法数值求解,给出了激波下游两相流场特性并考虑了含灰气体激波的松弛结构对边界层流动的影响。     

薄层色谱法测定蕃茄酱中的蕃茄红素

蕃茄红素是蕃茄的特有色素,其含量是蕃茄酱的重要质量指标。现在通用的测定方法为分光光度法,其不仅操作繁烦,而且往往因分离不完全引起偏差。采用薄层色谱法(苯-石油醚为展开剂)可将蕃茄红素(R_t=0.44)、胡罗卜素(R_t=0.66)及几乎停留在原点的其它色素分开,并以双波长薄层扫描测定蕃茄红素的含量。