Structure and stability of various states of the EuC and EuC2 molecules

B3LYP level density functional theory （DFT） and multiconfiguration self-consistent-field （MCSCF） level ab initio method calculations have been performed on the basis of relativistic effective core potentials to investigate the nature of EuC and EuC2 molecules. The computed results indicate that the ground states of EuC and EuC2 are ^12∑^＋ and SA2, respectively. Dissociation potential energy curves of the low-lying electronic states of EuC have been calculated using the MCSCF method, and the same level calculation on EuC2 indicates that the dissociation energy of EuC2 of ground state compares well with the available experimental data. The bond characteristic is also discussed using Mulliken populations.     

Electron impact excitation of tetrasulfur S4 molecule

Electron impact excitation of tetrasulfur S₄ molecule is investigated in this work using R-matrix method. The twelve low-lying electronic states are used in close-coupling expansion to represent the target states, and the integral cross sections for elastic scattering and excitation into the six lowest electronic states are calculated.     

静电纺丝法制备硼掺杂氧化硅纳米纤维用于低碳烷烃氧化脱氢制烯烃

乙烯和丙烯等低碳烯烃是重要的基础有机化工产品,广泛应用于化工生产的各个领域.相比于其他工艺,低碳烷烃氧化脱氢制烯烃工艺具有不受热力学平衡限制、无积炭等特点而被广泛研究.近年发现六方氮化硼(h-BN)、硼化硅(SiB6)和磷酸硼(BPO4)等非金属硼基催化剂能够高效催化烷烃氧化脱氢反应,并抑制产物烯烃的过度氧化,表现出高的催化活性和烯烃选择性.大量的研究表明,硼基催化剂活性起源于催化剂表面的"BO"物种(如B-O和B-OH等基团).氧化硼(B2O3)作为一种氧化气氛中化学性质稳定的含硼化合物,兼具丰富的"BO"位点,在反应条件下可形成多种结构以适用不同的化学环境,为制备高效的烷烃氧化脱氢催化剂提供了可能.在之前的研究中,多将B2O3浸渍在常规的TiO2,SiO2,A12O3等三维多孔载体上用于氧化脱氢反应.考虑到B2O3结构的灵活性和易于成键特性,需开发更为有效的合成策略,以提升B2O3催化剂在氧化脱氢反应中的活性和稳定性.本文采用静电纺丝技术合成了直径为100～150 nm的多孔掺硼二氧化硅纳米纤维(PBSN)用于低碳烷烃氧化脱氢反应.静电纺丝法合成的催化剂中硼物种在开放的氧化硅纤维骨架上均匀分散且稳定固载.一维纳米纤维结构不仅有利于扩散,且赋予催化剂在高重时空速(WHSV)条件下优异的烷烃氧化脱氢反应活性.在乙烷氧化脱氢反应中,当乙烷的转化率达到44.3％时,乙烯的选择性和产率分别为84％和44.2 μmol gcat-1 s-1.而在丙烷脱氢反应中,当丙烷转化率为19.2％时,总烯烃选择性及丙烯产率分别为90％和76.6 μmol gcat-1 s-1.在温度为545 ℃,丙烷WHSV高达84.6 h-1的条件下,催化剂保持长时间稳定.与其他负载型氧化硼催化剂相比,PBSN催化剂具有更高的烯烃选择性和稳定性.研究表明,在氧化硅负载B2O3催化剂催化丙烷氧化脱氢反应中,载体中Si-OH基团的存在可能会降低丙烯的选择性.瞬态分析和动力学实验表明,硼基催化剂催化烷烃氧化脱氢反应过程中O2的活化受到烷烃的影响.本文不仅为高效硼基催化剂的合成提供了新思路,也为深入理解该类催化剂上烷烃氧化脱氢反应过程提供了实验支撑.     

羟基化氮化硼催化乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯

乙烯是最为重要的化工原料之一,目前其工业来源主要来自于烃类的水蒸汽裂解过程.该过程本质上是一个高温均相裂解过程,温度(>800?℃)高,能耗大,碳排放严重.乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯属于放热反应,反应温度低,速率快,无积碳等限制,是一条更富有竞争力的工艺路线.然而,常用的金属或金属氧化物催化剂容易导致乙烯深度氧化,从而降低了乙烯选择性.纳米碳材料在烃类氧化脱氢反应中展现出一定的催化活性,但容易被氧化,难以用于反应温度高的乙烷氧化脱氢反应.本文报道了羟基化的氮化硼(BNOH)可高效催化乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯.氮化硼边沿羟基官能团脱氢生成了动态活性位,从而引发了乙烷的脱氢反应.BNOH对乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯显示出高选择性.当乙烷转化率在11%,乙烯选择性可高达95%;当乙烷转化率增加到40%,乙烯选择性保持在90%.重要的是,当乙烷转化率超过60%时,BNOH仍然可保持80%的乙烯选择性以及50%的乙烯收率.这些性能指标与现有工业乙烷水蒸气裂解过程运行性能相当.进一步优化反应条件,BNOH催化剂能够实现高达9.1 gC2H4 gcat-1 h-1的时空收率.经过200 h的氧化脱氢反应测试,BNOH催化剂活性和选择性基本恒定,表明其具有非常好的稳定性.X射线粉末衍射结果显示,反应前后BNOH催化剂的物相没有发生变化.透射电子显微镜测试证实,反应后BNOH催化剂的形貌和微观结构也没有明显改变.X射线光电子能谱结果显示,反应200 h后BNOH催化剂表面的氧含量仅从反应前的6.9 atom%微增到8.3 atom%.1H固体核磁共振谱测试显示,反应200 h后,BNOH催化剂上羟基含量无明显改变.结合原位透射红外光谱和同位素示踪实验,初步确定了BNOH催化剂上引发乙烷氧化脱氢反应的活性中心.氮化硼边沿的氧官能团并不能引发乙烷的氧化脱氢反应,而羟基官能团才是氧化脱氢反应发生的活性位.在乙烷氧化脱氢条件下,分子氧脱除羟基官能团上的氢原子动态生成BNO·?和HO2·?活性位.密度泛函理论计算表明,乙烷首先在BNO·?或HO2·?位活化生成乙基自由基,这些中间物进一步与气相氧物种发生反应脱氢生成乙烯.动力学测试结果也验证了上述实验和理论结果.     

一维链状氰根桥联配合物[Pr(bet)_2(H_2O)_3Fe(CN)_6]_n的合成、晶体结构和磁性

以K3Fe(CN) 6 ,甜菜碱和Pr(NO3) 3·6H2 O合成了一维链状氰根桥联配合物 [Pr(bet) 2 (H2 O) 3Fe(CN) 6 ] n,并通过元素分析、红外光谱进行了表征。利用单晶X射线四圆衍射测定了配合物的晶体结构 ,晶体属正交晶系 ,P2 1 2 1 2 1 空间群 ,晶胞参数a =0 9634 ( 2 )nm ,b =1 45 5 6( 3)nm ,c =1 7798( 9)nm ,V =2 495 9( 9)nm3,Dc=1 70 6Mg·m3,Z =4,GOF =0 970 ,F( 0 0 0 ) =12 84,R1 =0 0 30 7。变温磁化率 ( 1 8～ 30 0K)表明在Pr3 和Fe3 离子间存在弱的反铁磁相互作用。     

Multireference calculation of lifetime of A~2Π_u state in nitrogen-molecule cation

This paper utilizes multireference configuration interaction theory to calculate the lifetime of A2Πu state for nitrogen molecular ion N+2.It obtains the transition moment function for A2Πu→X2Σ+ g,Franck-Condon factors between vibrational levels of the two states.The calculated lifetimes are 16.81,14.62,13.10,12.18,11.40,and 11.64 μs forv'= 0,1,2,3,4,5 vibrational levels of A2Πu state,respectively,which are in excellent agreement with available experimental values.     

He-S2(B3∑-u→X3∑-g) van der Waals体系的从头计算

利用多参考组态相互作用方法计算得到了He-S2(X3∑-g)与He-S2(B3∑-u)的势能曲面;计算并讨论了He原子与S2分子的相对位置R与S2(B3∑-u→X3∑-g)跃迁矩和诱导偶极矩变化的关系;分析了He对S2分子轨道的压缩随R的变化,以及在实验中加入缓冲气体对实现S2分子发光的影响.     

CH4+O2体系中碰撞-诱导O2（X3∑g-→a1△g)跃迁几率计算

采用从头计算二阶自旋-轨道多组态准简并微扰理论计算了CH4+O2体系中O2分子X3∑-g-a1Δg, X3∑-g-b1∑+g和b1∑+g-a1Δg的碰撞-诱导跃迁几率,分析了O2分子振动对跃迁几率的影响,并与O2+H2模型的结果做了比较.     

Accurate calculation of the potential energy curve and spectroscopic parameters of X~2Σ~+ state of ~(12)Mg~1H

High level calculations on the ground state of12Mg1 H molecule have been performed using multi-reference configuration interaction(MRCI) method with the Davidson modification. The core–valence correlation and scalar relativistic corrections are included into the present calculations at the same time. The potential energy curve(PEC) of the ground state, all of the vibrational levels and spectroscopic parameters are fitted. The results show that the levels and spectroscopic parameters are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The analytical potential energy function(APEF) is also deduced from the calculated PEC using the Murrell–Sorbie(M–S) potential function. The present results can provide a helpful reference for the future spectroscopic experiments or dynamical calculations of the molecule.     

Enhanced ionization of vibrational hot carbon disulfide molecules in strong femtosecond laser fields

By using a heated molecular beam in combination with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, we experimentally study the ionization of vibrational-hot carbon disulfide(CS_2) molecules irradiated by a linearly polarized 800-nm 50-fs strong laser field. The ion yields are measured in a laser intensity range of 7.0 × 10~(12) W/cm~2–1.5 × 10~(14) W/cm~2 at different molecular temperatures of up to 1400 K. Enhanced ionization yield is observed for vibrationally excited CS_2 molecules.The results show that the enhancement decreases as the laser intensity increases, and exhibits non-monotonical dependence on the molecular temperature. According to the calculated potential energy curves of the neutral and ionic electronic states of CS_2, as well as the theoretical models of molecular strong-field ionization available in the literature, we discuss the mechanism of the enhanced ionization of vibrational-hot molecules. It is indicated that the enhanced ionization could be attributed to both the reduced ionization potential with vibrational excitation and the Frank–Condon factors between the neutral and ionic electronic states. Our study paves the way to understanding the effect of nuclear motion on the strongfield ionization of molecules, which would give a further insight into theoretical and experimental investigations on the interaction of polyatomic molecules with strong laser fields.