A Module Test of CCDA： an Array to Select the Centrality of Collisions in Heavy Ion Collisions

A test result of a module for the collision centrality detector array （CCDA）, a simple detector array for the event classification of the centrality, is presented. The CsI（Tl） module has PMTs on both ends to read out signals. The beam test results indicate that it provides a good light charged particles （LCP） identification and a reasonable energy resolution. The energy spectra of LCPs are compared with the GEANT simulation.     

中能重离子碰撞中横向流电荷依赖的形状以及实验条件对横向流的影响(英文)

从35 MeV/nucleon 40Ca+40Ca反应实验数据中提取了碎片Z从1到9的横向流,发现探测器阈值、探测系统的角分辨等实验条件对横向流电荷依赖的形状有显著的影响。在考虑实验条件并采用软的核物质状态方程（K=200 MeV）之后,CoMD模型计算结果很好地重现了实验中横向流电荷依赖的形状。这表明如果要更加精确地提取实验中的横向流,必须使用阈值更低、角分辨更好的探测系统。此外,结合Kohley等[Phys Rev C,2012,85:064605]从实验中提取的横向流,讨论了横向流电荷依赖的形状存在异同的原因。1 ≤ Z ≤ 6的横向流电荷依赖呈肩峰形状可能是实验条的影响引起的,而我们的实验中Z ≥ 6的横向流的减小可能是由于动量守恒对集体运动的抑制。The transverse flow in the reaction of 40Ca+40Ca at 35 MeV/nucleon has been determined for emitted isotopes with Z=1 to 9. A significant modification of the Z-dependent flow pattern caused by the experimental filters, the detector thresholds and the angular resolutions (△?) of the detector array, is observed. With the application of the appropriate experimental filters, the general trend of the experimental Z-dependent flow is well reproduced by the Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) simulation, employing an effective interaction corresponding to a soft EOS (K=200 MeV). This fact suggests that to determine the flow values more precisely, a detection system with lower energy threshold and better angular resolution is urgently required. Additionally, together with the parallel work of Z. Kohley et al.[Phys Rev C, 2012, 85:064605], the pattern of the experimental Z dependence of transverse flow is also discussed. The shoulder patterns of Z-dependent flow for 1 ≤ Z ≤ 6 can be attributed by the experimental filters, while the reduction of flow for Z ≥ 6 in our experiment can be caused by the suppression of collective motion under the momentum conservation.     

基于扫描电镜和能谱仪的薄膜表面形貌和厚度同时测量研究

扫描电子显微镜通过电子束轰击样品产生的二次电子、背散射电子等实现对样品表面形貌的观测，通过对样品横断面的观测来获得薄膜厚度信息，但难以实现对薄膜表面形貌和厚度的同时观测。通过能谱仪研究各种厚度的薄膜同其激发的特征X射线计数率之间的关系，实现了通过特征X射线计数率来测量薄膜厚度的方法。对于激光吹气系统所需的钨薄膜而言，结果表明，计数率随薄膜厚度的增加先线性增加后趋于稳定，利用该曲线的直线部分作为刻度曲线，可实现对5～19μm范围内钨薄膜表面形貌和厚度的同时测量，精度约为10%,通过增加电子能量可实现对更厚样品的测量。该方法可推广到其他种类的薄膜研究，有助于推动薄膜物理研究的开展。