三相逆流离子交换—除CO2联合水处理床中离子交换性能的研究

测定了三相逆流离子交换－除ＣＯ２联合水处理床中不同截面和不同径向位置的瞬时电导率,探讨了联合水处理床中离子交换的变化规律,研究了运行工况对出水电导率的影响,推导出了这种床中离子交换的速度方程式。     

我国火力发电厂凝结水净化用离子交换技术

本文介绍了我国火力电厂凝结水凝水离子交换净化技术的现状，讨论了凝结水净化用混床及三层混床对离子交换树脂性能的要求，比较了国产的及引进的三层混床树脂的运行特性。     

离子交换平衡

离子交换反应已得到广泛应用。离子交换反应的平衡理论比动力学理论要完善得多。一、二元离子交换反应及其热力学处理     

离子交换纤维的性能和应用

本文综述了离子交换纤维(化学吸附纤维)的品种、性能及应用。列出了以聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯腈、聚烯烃为基休的离子交换纤维品种,介绍了这些纤维的化学吸附、化学稳定性、机械强度等性能以及它们在气体、水溶液的净化、提纯和回收、填充床电渗析方面的应用。     

钠改型蛭石的铵离子交换平衡

对经NaCI处理的钠型蛭石在不同pH和温度条件下进行了铵离子交换性能的研究.结果表明,交换反应在前60min速率最快,约120min就趋向于平衡2铵离子交换总量随pH变化而波动,在pH=7,点上取最大值为92.85mmol/100g2铵离子交换量和交换选择性随温度的降低而显著升高.     

离子交换树脂的应用

离子交换剂或所谓离子交换树脂为含有酸性或硷性化学活性结构单位的固态难溶性物质,能以其“荷载”的离子与溶液中的离子进行交换。由于合成的离子交换树脂具有化学活性基团,故它与在工业上应用的和其极近似的非化学活性的合成塑料不同。离子交换剂具有不同直径的毛细管和微孔形成的巨大内表面,高化学稳定性和机械坚固性,它们实际上完全不溶于水、酸、盐和硷的溶液中,也不溶于有机溶剂(醇、醚等)。根据需要,选择不同的合成条件及原料可以合成不同物理性质及化学性质的树脂。依据其化学性质,离子交换剂可分为两类:由酸性     

钠型斜发沸石Na+-K+离子交换特性研究(Ⅱ)--过程传质模型及动力学特性研究

利用浅床实验法研究查明了钠型斜发沸石Na -K 离子交换过程以液膜扩散为主的控制机理,依据传质膜理论,推导出液膜控制下的离子交换传质速率模型,并测定了离子交换动力力学曲线和过程传质系数.研究结果表明:钠型斜发沸石Na -K 离子交换速率与溶液流速、温度和溶液的K 浓度成正比,与溶液粘度和沸石粒径成反比,过程总传质系数的模型计算值 与实验值拟和较好.     

离子交换法提取谷氨酸的研究

本文就离子交换法提取谷氨酸树脂的筛选，不同树脂对发酵液中谷氨酸静态吸附性能及其影响因素进行了系统地研究．旨在探索离子交换法提取谷氨酸的最佳工艺条件和开发新的离子交换树脂．     

离子交换树脂结构与抗有机污染关系

离子交换工艺处理工业废水已获良好效果,但在使用中往往产生树脂中毒现象。本文通过七种不同系统流程研究了树脂结构与抗有机污染性能的关系。试验表明,阴树脂交换基团不同抗污染性能不同,随着极性降低,抗污染性提高。树脂孔径增大,抗污染性增强。     

离子交换法制备去离子水的自动控制

用离子交换法制备去离子水,具有节能,成本低,水质好,容易管理等优点,已较普遍地应用于实验室。我们以直径100毫米、长1200毫米有机玻璃管,用强酸性阳离子交换树脂床、强碱性阴离子交换树脂床及阴阳离子交换混合树脂床,串联制备去离子水。用DDS-11型电导仪控制水质,并安装了简易而有效的自动控制装置。见图1。自来水进高位水槽,水槽有溢流口,维持一定的水压。高位水槽中的水流经过滤管、阳离子交换床、阴离子交换床、阴阳树     

影响混床出水水质因素的研究

混床再生剂的纯度和阴、阳树脂的混合程度会严重影响到混床出水水质.用高纯碱替代工业碱再生混床的阴树脂;采用反常规均粒混床树脂;对混床树脂采用特殊的再生和输送方法等措施均可提高出水水质.     

Gram-negative bacteria viable in ultrapure water: identification of bacteria isolated from ultrapure water and effect of temperature on their behavior

This study describes the effect of temperature on the behavior of bacteria viable in ultrapure water and the contamination of ultrapure water by bacteria. Three species of bacteria were isolated from ultrapure water (total organic carbon, 60 ppb and 5 ppb; effluent resistivity > 18 MΩ cm at 25°C) and identified by morphological and physiological characteristics. The three isolates were incubated in water for injection and PYG broth to check the growth profile at various temperatures. In PYG broth, temperature influenced the behavior of bacteria directly; however, it did not in water for injection. By checking both viable and non-viable bacterial numbers and endotoxin concentration in pure water, the water was found to be contaminated with non-viable bacteria and newly generated endotoxins besides viable bacteria. A column treatment, a mixed bed of fully regenerated strong acid cation exchange resin (SACER) and strong base anion exchange resin (SBAER), was used to remove bacteria from pure water. Bacteria could not grow on the surfaces of ion exchange resins in the mixed bed. The removal of bacteria was more effective as pure water was circulated through the mixed bed more rapidly.     

PENETRATION OF SOLAR UV IRRADIATION IN COASTAL LAGOONS OF THE SOUTHERN BALTIC SEA AND ITS EFFECT ON PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES

Abstract Direct measurements of solar UV irradiance at the surface and in the water column were made in several coastal lagoons near the islands of Hiddensee and Rügen in spring and summer 1993 using an internally frosted quartz sphere at the end of a 10 m quartz fiber cable connected to a double monochromator spectroradiometer. The measurements showed a nearly uniform vertical distribution of the absorption coefficient in the whole water column due to effective mixing, shallow depths and little temperature and salinity density stratifications. There was an increase in the absorption coefficient at 310 nm from 5 m⁻¹ in the outer lagoons to 12 m⁻¹ in the open inner lagoons and up to 29 m⁻¹ in the inner lagoons without water exchange with the Baltic Sea as a result of different amounts of UV-absorbing substances such as yellow substance (Gelbstoff) and seston. Depending on the specific concentration of the absorbents, the solar UV-B irradiance decreases to 1% after penetration into the water column between 0.2 m (inner lagoons without water exchange), 0.4 m (inner lagoons with water exchange), and 1 m (outer lagoons), whereas UV-A penetrates on the order of several meters. As phytoplankton populates the top layers of the water column it may be affected by increased solar UV irradiation even in these turbid coastal waters.     

用离子交换树脂脱除氨基酸与盐混合液中的盐

在用蛋白质酸性水解备氨基酸时,因中和残留的酸会使水解液中带入大量的盐。在进一步用离子交换色谱法分离混合氨基酸时,首先需脱掉其中的盐。本文用苯乙烯系强酸性阳离子交换树脂的盐型柱,根据氨基酸与苯乙烯系强酸性阳离子交换树脂之间既存在离子间的静电作用,又存在疏水作用,且二者之间存在协同作用,而盐在盐型苯乙烯系强酸性阳离子交换树脂柱上不保留的原理,用水作为洗脱剂,使盐和氨基酸（配制的盐和氨基酸混合液及含盐的毛发水解液）得到分离,本方法脱除氨基酸中的盐简单易行,用水作为洗脱剂即廉价由不造成污染,盐型树脂不用再生即可用于下次运行,研究了各种条件对分离性能的影响。     

Adsorption Strategy of Plasmid DNA Nanoparticulate: Preparative Purification by a Simple Custom Expanded Bed Column

This paper summarizes the critical examination of the hydrodynamic performance of the NBG expanded bed contactor operated with streamline-DEAE adsorbent under various operating conditions for expanded bed adsorption of plasmid DNA nanoparticles from alkaline lysate. The purification process is not RNase-free. In this study, a rapid and efficient scaleable purification protocol obtaining, plasmid DNA nanoparticles (average size of 40 nm) with a high purity level for use as therapeutic agent in customized NBG expanded bed columns was developed. This technique allows efficient levels of binding to the column media and vector purification without centrifugation or filtration steps. Residence time distribution (RTD) studies were exploited to achieve the optimal condition of plasmid DNA nanoparticle (pDNA) recovery upon anion exchange adsorbent in this contactor. In addition, the purification experiments were carried out in the expanded bed columns with settle bed height of 6.0 ± 0.2 cm. NaCl gradient elution enabled the isolation of supercoiled plasmid from low-Mr RNA, cDNA and plasmid variants. Subsequently dynamic binding capacity of the adsorbent was calculated while these values decreased with increase in flow velocity. Moreover, the effect of pH upon the performance of this recovery process and the feedstock volume upon the expanded bed anion exchange purification was investigated. The results demonstrated that separation of low-Mr RNA from plasmid DNA isoforms in the range of pH between 5.5 and 7.5 is achievable in this column. The yield of recovery of pDNA in optimal condition was higher than 88.51% which was a superior result in one-pass frontal chromatography. The generic application of simple customized NBG expanded bed column and its potential for the purification and recovery of plasmid DNA as a nanoparticulate bioproduct is strongly discussed.     

离子色谱法测定水环境中高浓度Na~+存在下的痕量NH_4~+

采用0.45μm滤膜过滤处理样品和梯度淋洗离子色谱法测定水环境中高浓度Na+存在下的痕量NH4+含量。离子色谱条件为:IonPac CS16离子分析柱,甲基磺酸梯度淋洗,抑制型电导检测。用该法对炼厂水环境中高浓度Na+存在下的痕量NH4+的测定,Na+和NH4+加标回收率分别为100.24%～100.8%、91.30%～104.35%。     

Removal of endocrine‐disrupting compounds from water using macroporous molecularly imprinted cryogels in a moving‐bed reactor

Highly efficient removal of endocrine‐disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as 17β‐estradiol (E2), 4‐nonylphenol (NP) and atrazine from water was achieved using a novel macroporous adsorption medium. The medium consisted of a macroporous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogel with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) particles embedded in it. The MIP was prepared using E2, NP and atrazine as templates. The macroporous composite molecularly imprinted cryogels were formed inside the open‐ended protective shells, known as Kaldnes carriers. These adsorbents (defined as Macroporous Gel Particles, MGPs) were evaluated on the removal of E2, NP and atrazine from water using different column configurations, namely column filled with the MGPs (packed‐bed column) and in moving‐bed reactors (defined here as moving‐bed MGPs reactor). Complete binding (> 99%) of E2 from a spiked aqueous solution (1 mg/L) was achieved using E2‐MIP/MGPs in a moving‐bed MGPs reactor at the retention time in the reactor of 4 min, while only 77% was bound to the nonimprinted medium (NIP/MGPs). Similar results were also obtained for the adsorption medium imprinted with atrazine. All contaminants studied (E2, atrazine and NP) were effectively removed from water at low (environmentally relevant) concentrations by the respective adsorption medium.     

Towards the column bed stabilization of columns in capillary electroendosmotic chromatography. Immobilization of microparticulate silica columns to a continuous bed

This article discusses a novel method generating a continuous bed inside the CEC column. The column bed composed of microparticulate reversed-phase silica is completely immobilized by a hydrothermal treatment using water for the immobilization process. This process eliminates the manufacture of frits of both ends of the column and all problems associated with their preparation. Fundamental studies on operational parameters will be presented such as the dependence of the immobilization on the column temperature, the type of stationary phase and the column back pressure. The immobilized CEC columns show the same high column efficiency as packed columns with frits.     

Variations of particle size and bed voidage distributions in expanded bed during transient operation processes

Changes in bed expansion are frequently encountered during an expanded bed adsorption, such as during the initial bed expansion, feed loading and washing processes. We have here studied the changes of local particle size distribution and bed voidage of an expanded bed in the initial bed expansion process as well as those during the changes in mobile phase viscosity, which imitated feed loading and column washing processes. Using a glass column modified with three side sampling ports and Streamline AC as the solid phase, experimental measurements on a series of operation moments during the transient processes were carried out by sampling the particles from within the column at different axial positions. In the initial bed expansion process, the gradual formation of an axial classification from a settled bed to a stable expanded bed was first displayed. By changing the mobile phase from water to 10% (w/w) glycerol solution or vice versa, the variations in both the particle size distribution and bed voidage corresponding to the increase or decrease of the bed height caused by the changes of the mobile phase viscosity were examined as well. The transient changes of the local particle size distribution and bed voidage first occurred in the bed bottom and then progressed from bottom to top along the axial direction. However, the changes of bed voidage at different axial positions were not unidirectional. That is, by changing the mobile phase to the high-viscosity glycerol solution, a constant increase of the bed voidage was observed in the bed bottom, while a distinct decrease of the bed voidage before its increase was involved at the middle and top positions. This is ascribed to the compression effect caused by the upward movement of the lower part particles.     

离子交换法从发酵液中提取谷氨酰胺工艺研究

本文系统地研究了７３２树脂和Ｄ３０１树脂对发酵液中谷氨酰胺的静态和动态吸附性能及影响因素，并对洗脱条件进行了研究。实验结果表明，在阳离子交换柱上有效地降低了谷氨酰胺向谷氨酸的转化，在阴离子交换柱上谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸实现彻底分离，谷氨酰胺的总收率达５６．６％。