活性人工游泳体的螺旋运动

螺旋运动轨迹在自然界的各个尺度中普遍存在，其影响着多种生命过程包括生物繁殖、觅食、定位有利环境和检测营养梯度等。开发化学力等驱动螺旋运动的人工游泳体不仅具有广泛的应用价值以及提升我们对生物游泳体运动规律和机理的认识，同时推动新型机器人运动设计和提高机器人的运动效率。本文首先总结了人工系统中以微生物鞭毛/纤毛的旋转和拍打等方式为灵感来源设计的可进行螺旋运动的人工游泳体，然后综述了近年来在材料化学领域制备的进行螺旋运动小型人工游泳体的研究进展，并根据驱动力来源的不同对各种类型活性人工游泳体进行分类介绍，最后提出了目前研究中待解决的问题并对未来发展和研究方向进行了展望。     

超声波提取含羞草种子中总黄酮工艺条件优化研究

采用超声提取法对含羞草种子中黄酮类物质进行提取,对提取工艺条件如溶剂、配料比、浸泡时间、提取温度、提取时间进行了优化。在单试验的基础上进行正交试验,得出黄酮类物质的最佳提取工艺条件:乙醇体积分数为60%,含羞草种子与60%乙醇配料比(g∶m L)为1∶8,超声温度范围40~44℃,超声时间为50 min。该方法操作简单,提取时间短,提取效率较高。     

AGV导航中物体三维建模关键技术研究

<正>现代工业化的迅猛发展,使得传统测量内容和测量方式不能完全满足当前的工业需求。物体轮廓或工作场景的三维数据获取是研究的热点,可应用在精密零件的检测,模具的设计制造与缺陷检测、提升游戏娱乐体验度、文物保护、机器人导航等方面。在物流行业中,人工搬运存在人力资源成本较大,选拣和搬运效率低、管理困难等问题;而工业机械手则需要牢固的装配面,运动轨迹固定,不能满足在任意要求     

多工作模式液相色谱电化学检测系统Ⅲ．双工作电极检测

〕本文讨论了串行和平行相对两种双工作电极检测方式,测定了流通池的收集效率,介于文献理论值和测定值之间。研究了收集效率与流动相流速、进样量、组分的化学稳定性和池通道厚度的关系。探讨了复杂样品中多组分的同时检测和峰纯度鉴定。指出平行相对方式只适用于微径柱色谱。     

人工光合作用

人工光合作用是模拟自然界的光合作用过程,设计制备人工光催化体系,以达到高效吸收、转化和储存太阳能的目的。本文从自然界的光合作用过程出发,综述了国内外人工光合作用的最新研究进展。从基本原理、常用体系和能量转换效率等方面入手,系统介绍了两种人工光合作用体系:模拟自然光合作用系统的超分子和无机半导体光催化体系。在此基础上,分析当前研究中存在的问题,并提出改进能量转换效率的可能对策,最后评述了人工光合作用的发展趋势和应用前景。     

基于温度的酶注射式葡萄糖生物传感器检测方法研究

针对酶注射式葡萄糖生物传感器在实际使用中因为标定液与被测液的温度不同而引起的测量结果不准确问题,提出一种基于温度的葡萄糖浓度检测方法.首先根据酶促反应动力学建立目前酶注射式葡萄糖生物传感器浓度检测模型,之后利用阿伦尼乌斯公式建立温度与浓度检测动力学模型中未知参数之间的关系,并将此关系代入浓度检测动力学模型中,以建立基于温度的浓度检测新模型.此模型以温度与酶促反应的电流初始斜率为输入值,以被测葡萄糖浓度为输出值,利用此模型提出了以反应混合液的温度和反应初始电流斜率推导被测液浓度的检测方法.利用改进的检测方法进行检测,不仅能够降低温差的影响,提高检测的准确性,还可以省略常规检测中的人工标定,避免人工标定所需的取样探头拆卸步骤,更加有利于在线使用.分别在25.0,30.0和42.0℃下检测1.5 mg/mL和2.5 mg/mL葡萄糖溶液,利用原检测方法与基于温度的检测方法进行检测,结果表明,基于温度的检测方法回收率均在95.0％以上,明显优于原检测方法.     

杜马斯燃烧法与连续流动法测定再造烟叶中总氮量的比较

为提高检测再造烟叶中总氮含量的检测效率,对杜马斯燃烧法(简称D法)和连续流动法(简称L法)进行了对比研究,并初步探索了转换D法结果来代替L法结果的方法。结果表明:杜马斯燃烧法结果普遍高于连续流动法结果,两种方法均具有良好的精密度和准确度。在提高检测效率、降低人员劳动强度和环境污染方面,杜马斯燃烧法优势明显。杜马斯燃烧法结果应用比值系数K(K=DN/LN)进行换算即可代替连续流动法结果。     

离子色谱-串联质谱法分析环境水体中痕量人工甜味剂

人工甜味剂被广泛使用并且在环境中持久存在,因此可能成为生活废水污染地表水体及地下水的有力证据。人工甜味剂作为一种新型示踪剂,对其在环境水体中的分析方法的灵敏度和抗干扰能力提出了更高的挑战。本研究采用离子色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱负离子模式实现了4种人工甜味剂的分离检测。经对比考察,采用细内径(2 mm)离子色谱柱( AS19-2 mm)既缩短了保留时间又提高了分离度;采用60 mmol/L NaOH等度洗脱,既实现了简便操作,又克服了传统的反相分离试剂及缓冲盐对离子化效度的负面影响;采用默克固相萃取柱(Merk LiChrolut EN 200 mg 3 mL)对酸化水样(pH<2.0)进行富集,固相萃取柱活化条件为依次加入2 mL甲醇与2 mL水,并采用2 mL甲醇;采用外接水柱后抑制法进一步提高了灵敏度、降低了检测背景值,抑制器电流为75 mA;统一采用多反应监测负离子模式实现了安赛蜜、糖精钠、甜蜜素及三氯蔗糖4种人工甜味剂的同时采集与检测,检出限均在5.0 ng/L以下,不同基质环境样品的加标回收率可控制在65%~120%之间。本方法简便、干扰少、检出限低,既适合于不同基质环境水样的日常分析监测,又适合于地下水污染的示踪研究。     

马来酸酐与1，2－环己烷二羧酸二异丁酯的气液平衡

采用小沸点仪测定了马来酸酐和1,2－环己烷二羧酸二异丁酯二元系统在不同配料组成条件下的温度与压力数据，并通过内插法得到不同压力下的温度与配料组成的数据.进一步采用单纯形法优化NRTL方程参数，推算了平衡气液相组成，发现该二元系统具有最高压力恒沸点，且该恒沸点随压力的变化显著.当压力降低至20 kPa时, 由温度随气相组成的变化趋势知该恒沸点将趋于消失.     

N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮水凝胶的研究

研究了用Ｎ,Ｎ－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂,Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺／Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物水凝胶的合成与性能。结果表明,ＮＶＰ能显著延长共聚体系的凝胶化时间,但对共聚物的体积相变温度影响并不十分显著。当Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮的配料摩尔比（Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮／Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺＋Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮）＝０．０１时,水凝胶呈现最大Ｔｃ和平衡溶胀胀比。当温度低于Ｔｃ时共的在水中的平衡溶胀比与Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺和Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮的配料比有关;Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮配料摩匀比〈０．０１,平衡溶胀比随Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮配料摩尔比的增加而增加;Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷桐配料摩尔比〉０．０１,平衡溶胀比随Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮配料摩尔浓度的增加而降低。同Ｎ－并异丙烯酰胺均聚物水凝胶相比,共聚物水凝胶具有较好的温敏响应性。ＤＳＣ和ＴＧＡ研究表明,Ｎ－乙     

Electrochemical Enhanced Detection of Uric Acid Based on Peroxidase-like Activity of Fe3O4@Au

Fe₃O₄@Au nanomaterials were prepared by the self-assembly method. An enzyme-free, ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of uric acid was achieved based on the peroxidase-like activity of Fe₃O₄@Au. The proposed procedure has exhibited excellent catalytic activities and achieved significant enhancements of the current responses to uric acid. The detection range was from 0.1 to 10 mmol/L, and the limit of detection was 0.087 μmol/L. Under the action of external magnetic field, the magnetic particles can be easily separated from the bottom liquid, which has the advantages of simple operation and high separation efficiency. Moreover, this detection method combining a simulated enzyme and electrochemical can enhance the effective output of the overall electrochemical signal without modifying the electrode, and excellent reproducibility can be achieved. Compared to colorimetric assay, the electrochemical one has higher sensitivity and selectivity, and was further applied in ultrasensitive detection of uric acid in food samples. In short, the proposed electrochemical assay has great potential in the fields of food quality control and biomedical analysis.     

Improvement of Fine-Grained Gold Collection in Fire Assay Analysis

The collection of fine-grained gold in fire assay analysis was studied, and a method was proposed for improving its efficiency.     

A maximum common subgraph kernel method for predicting the chromosome aberration test

The chromosome aberration test is frequently used for the assessment of the potential of chemicals and drugs to elicit genetic damage in mammalian cells in vitro. Due to the limitations of experimental genotoxicity testing in early drug discovery phases, a model to predict the chromosome aberration test yielding high accuracy and providing guidance for structure optimization is urgently needed. In this paper, we describe a machine learning approach for predicting the outcome of this assay based on the structure of the investigated compound. The novelty of the proposed method consists in combining a maximum common subgraph kernel for measuring the similarity of two chemical graphs with the potential support vector machine for classification. In contrast to standard support vector machine classifiers, the proposed approach does not provide a black box model but rather allows to visualize structural elements with high positive or negative contribution to the class decision. In order to compare the performance of different methods for predicting the outcome of the chromosome aberration test, we compiled a large data set exhibiting high quality, reliability, and consistency from public sources and configured a fixed cross-validation protocol, which we make publicly available. In a comparison to standard methods currently used in pharmaceutical industry as well as to other graph kernel approaches, the proposed method achieved significantly better performance.     

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Flurbiprofen in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Abstract

A rapid, specific and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic assay of flurbiprofen in dosage forms has been developed. Reversed-phase chromatography was conducted using a mobile phase of 0.05 M ammonium acetate and acetonitrile, (40% v/v) PH 5.2 and detection at λ 247 nm. The recovery and coefficient of variation from six placebo tablets spiked with 100 mg of flurbiprofen were 100.1% and 0.4% respectively. Replicate regression analyses of three standard plots in the concentration range 0.5 - 9 mcg/ml obtained on three different days gave a correlation coefficient (0.99996) and the coefficient of variation of the slopes 0.159%. The assay was precise within day and between days as indicated by ANOVA test. It is suggested that the proposed HPLC method should be used for routine quality control and dosage form assay of flurbiprofen.     

Collimated scanning towards 3D-INAA of inhomogeneous large samples

Kilogram-size samples can be analysed via Large Sample Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (LS-INAA), a method developed for samples which are inhomogeneous at the scale of a small sampling portion but which are assumed to be macroscopically homogeneous. However, extreme inhomogeneities affecting the total gamma-ray detection efficiency, may severely affect the quality of the analysis. A method has been developed to monitor large activated samples for the presence of such extreme inhomogeneities. In addition, a method has been developed for the determination of the spatial distribution of the induced radioactivity. These methods have been tested using a cylindrical phantom, simulating a large activated sample, with a local inhomogeneity. With a collimated detector, the activity was measured stepwise at 2 cm height intervals and 120° rotation intervals, resulting in 150 gamma-ray spectra at 45 seconds per spectrum. The activity distribution is retrieved from the measured spectra, employing a linear least squares matrix inversion of the detection efficiency matrix. This matrix is based on Monte Carlo computed detector responses and experimentally determined transmission coefficients. It is concluded that the proposed method can be employed in a system for 3D-INAA of large samples. Received: 7 October 1998 / Revised: 2 February 1999 / Accepted: 4 February 1999     

A new quality control method for lateral flow assay

We proposed a lateral flow assay (LFA) based on internal quality control microspheres to realize the accurate diagnosis of HbA1c in human body. This method can improve the precision and accuracy of HbA1c detection.     

铋试金测定高铋物料中银量的研究与实践

火法试金最常用的为铅试金,当物料中铋含量>15%时铅试金分析方法测定银量结果精密度差,且结果偏低。本文重点研究了铋试金测定高铋铅阳极泥中的银量方法;铋试金和铅试金方法过程对比;铋试金方法中杂质元素Sb、Cu、As、Ni、Pb的干扰;铋试金过程中铋扣直接溶解滴定和铋扣灰吹二次试金方法对比。通过多家单位对精密度和回收率的考察,认为该方法准确、可靠。     

Electrochemical and Electrochemiluminescence Determination of Cancer Cells Based on Aptamers and Magnetic Beads

The electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of cell lines of Burkitt’s lymphoma (Ramos) by using magnetic beads as the separation tool and high‐affinity DNA aptamers for signal recognition is reported. Au nanoparticles (NPs) bifunctionalized with aptamers and CdS NPs were used for electrochemical signal amplification. The anodic stripping voltammetry technology employed for the analysis of cadmium ions dissolved from CdS NPs on the aggregates provided a means to quantify the amount of the target cells. This electrochemical method could respond down to 67 cancer cells per mL with a linear calibration range from 1.0×10² to 1.0×10⁵ cells mL^?1, which shows very high sensitivity. In addition, the assay was able to differentiate between target and control cells based on the aptamer used in the assay, indicating the wide applicability of the assay for diseased cell detection. ECL detection was also performed by functionalizing the signal DNA, which was complementary to the aptamer of the Ramos cells, with tris(2,2‐bipyridyl) ruthenium. The ECL intensity of the signal DNA, replaced by the target cells from the ECL probes, directly reflected the quantity of the amount of the cells. With the use of the developed ECL probe, a limit of detection as low as 89 Ramos cells per mL could be achieved. The proposed methods based on electrochemical and ECL should have wide applications in the diagnosis of cancers due to their high sensitivity, simplicity, and low cost.     

Enzyme-free detection and quantification of double-stranded nucleic acids

We have developed a fully enzyme-free SERRS hybridization assay for specific detection of double-stranded DNA sequences. Although all DNA detection methods ranging from PCR to high-throughput sequencing rely on enzymes, this method is unique for being totally non-enzymatic. The efficiency of enzymatic processes is affected by alterations, modifications, and/or quality of DNA. For instance, a limitation of most DNA polymerases is their inability to process DNA damaged by blocking lesions. As a result, enzymatic amplification and sequencing of degraded DNA often fail. In this study we succeeded in detecting and quantifying, within a mixture, relative amounts of closely related double-stranded DNA sequences from Rupicapra rupicapra (chamois) and Capra hircus (goat). The non-enzymatic SERRS assay presented here is the corner stone of a promising approach to overcome the failure of DNA polymerase when DNA is too degraded or when the concentration of polymerase inhibitors is too high. It is the first time double-stranded DNA has been detected with a truly non-enzymatic SERRS-based method. This non-enzymatic, inexpensive, rapid assay is therefore a breakthrough in nucleic acid detection.     

全自动流动注射-分光光度法测定土壤中氨氮

传统的氯化钾溶液提取分光光度法测定土壤中氨氮时,需要加入硝普钠-苯酚显色剂混匀后一定时间再加入二氯异氰尿酸钠显色剂,这个过程中人为接触苯酚等有机试剂的时间较长,对人体和环境有一定的危害;且传统的比色法显色时间至少需要5h,显色时间较长,分析效率较低.应用全自动流动注射-分光光度法测定土壤中氨氮,考察了提取试剂的厂家、浓...