尼龙1010结晶与熔融行为的研究

用DSC研究了降温速率R对尼龙10 10结晶与熔融的影响,以及室温(RT)和液氮(LN)骤冷退火样品的熔融.降温时结晶温度随R增大线性降低;T_g以上可完成结晶时结晶度相同;结晶起始温度>181℃生成的晶体有三个熔融峰,对应于环状和放射状球晶的转化与熔融;在181℃和T_g间结晶,无放射球晶转化峰;T_g下有结晶放热峰样品加热时有冷结晶发生.RT未退火样品三个熔融峰,退火温度T_α≥180℃样品两个峰,结晶度C∝T_a;LN未退火样品单一熔融峰,T_a>160℃双峰,T_a≤160℃三峰,低温峰温与C均∝T.     

热处理对尼龙6及其与聚酰胺嵌段共聚物共混体系晶体熔融行为和结晶结构的影响

采用溶液共混-共沉淀的办法获得尼龙6及聚酰胺嵌段共聚物/尼龙6共混体系粉末,样品在260℃下熔融之后经程序降温的方法得到非淬火样品,然后分别在190℃下高温退火不同时间(0~48 h),采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)、偏光显微镜(POM)等表征手段研究热处理对体系晶体熔融行为和结晶结构的影响.结果表明,(1)在相同的热历史条件下,嵌段共聚物的存在影响了尼龙6的结晶行为及结晶结构;(2)退火处理对两种样品有着不同的影响,对于尼龙6体系,退火处理促进了非晶相向晶相的转变,大大提高样品的结晶完善程度和结晶度;对于共混体系,退火处理同样促进了非晶相向晶相的转变,同时形成新的α型和γ型结晶,体系的结晶完善程度明显提高,退火48 h后,结晶度比原始样品提高约84%.     

热处理对尼龙1010固态结晶和玻璃态热松驰的影响

本文用DSC首先论证淬火尼龙1010试样在DSC曲线上出现的放热峰是冷结晶峰,然后研究淬火尼龙1010在不同热处理条件下,冷结晶峰和玻璃态热松驰峰的变化规律。实验结果表明,等温结晶时间较短,试样的固态结晶速率较快;等温结晶时间较长,固态结晶速率较慢,这可能与在Tg区域等温所形成的新氢键有关。当升高等温温度时,固态结晶速率加快。在低于Tg的不同温度退火,玻璃态热松弛峰的峰高及热焓在281K达最大值,进而确定对玻璃态热松驰影响最敏感的温度区间是277～284K。     

蒙脱土对尼龙66熔融与结晶行为的影响

通过DSC方法研究了蒙脱土对尼龙66熔融与结晶行为的影响,探讨了蒙脱土对尼龙66结晶的成核作用。发现有机蒙脱土使尼龙66的熔融峰温度Tm提高5.3℃,使结晶峰温度提高13－24℃,二次熔融多产生双重熔融峰,蒙脱土的加入有利于生成低温峰。     

用DSC研究稀土顺式聚丁二烯的低温结晶与熔融行为

采用示差扫描量热仪研究了稀土顺式聚丁二烯(PB)等温过程的结晶及其熔融行为. 结果表明,在等温结晶的后期存在晶型完善的过程,而且随着等温结晶温度的提高,结晶速率均下降. PB的熔融总是在比等温结晶温度高约2 ℃处开始,而且在10 ℃/min的升温速率下,DSC曲线不仅显示出很宽的熔融温度范围,而且在低温处还出现了小肩峰,说明等温结晶后体系中具有在该升温速率下不同稳定性的晶体. 通过不同温度下的等温结晶曲线,分别采用结晶度趋于零(Xc=0)时的熔点和结晶时间无限长(t-1c＝0)时的熔点,用Hoffman-Weeks方法得到顺式聚丁二烯的平衡熔点T∞m位于9～17.6 ℃之间.     

热历史对聚醚醚酮及其碳纤维复合材料——Ⅱ.熔融行为的影响

本文利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和以PEEK为基体的碳纤维复合材料(APC-2)的热历史对它们熔融行为的影响。在200—315℃结晶并退火热处理后,试样的DSC曲线上出现了两个吸热峰。低温吸热峰(峰温T′_m)较小,并与结晶和退火温度(T_c)有关;高温吸热峰(峰温T_m)较大,几乎不受T_n的影响。T′_m的出现与在不同T_c下生成的不完整晶体的熔融和重结晶过程有关,而T_m的出现则与完整晶体的熔融过程有关。实验结果表明,T′_m与T_c之间呈线性关系。按文献报道的方法,将T′_m与T_c的直线外推至与T′_m=T_c直线相交,其交点温度即为平衡熔点.结果表明,PEEK和APC-2试样的“平衡熔点”受不同热历史条件下生成晶体的完整程度的影响。当结晶并退火时间越长,求出的“平衡熔点”值越低,并与理论值接近。实验结果还表明,碳纤维表面具有促进PEEK树脂基体晶体完整化的作用,因而导致APC-2试样中PEEK树脂基体的熔点高于纯PEEK树脂。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯的熔融双峰

未拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、单轴拉伸PET、双轴拉伸PET在不同条件下热处理,并进行了DSC热分析、X-射线衍射分析、红外分析。结果表明:熔融双峰现象起因于DSC等速升温过程中PET的部分熔融和重结晶;低温峰是等温热处理过程中形成的不完善微晶的熔融峰,高温峰是重结晶后较完善的微晶的熔融峰;在等速升温过程中,PET晶胞参数不变、晶格完善、晶粒增大,并且规则折迭链增加,但晶粒随温度增大的过程中出现低谷。     

高分子结晶和熔融行为的Flash DSC研究进展

近年来,作为常规示差扫描量热仪(DSC)技术的发展,商业化的快速扫描芯片量热技术(fast-scan chip-calorimeter,FSC)对推动高分子结晶学研究进展发挥了重要的作用.本文首先介绍了闪速示差扫描量热仪Flash DSC的研发历程及其对高分子结晶样品的测试技术,然后举例介绍了其在高分子结晶和熔融行为研究中的一些应用,包括总结晶动力学、晶体成核动力学、成核剂和填料对结晶的影响、共聚单元对结晶的影响、多重熔融峰的鉴定、折叠链片晶的不可逆和可逆熔化、以及极性大分子晶体的熔融等.Flash DSC极大地扩展了扫描温度速率范围,使得其研究的时间窗口能与实际高分子材料加工过程和计算机分子模拟的时间窗口相互匹配,所提供的综合信息有助于我们更好地理解高分子结晶、退火和熔融行为的微观机理.     

利用Flash DSC探究湿法隔膜快速降温过程结晶行为

研究了湿法隔膜超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)与白油混合体系在挤出流延过程中快速、非等温结晶行为。通过Flash DSC和常规DSC技术表征了不同固含量体系在不同冷却速率条件下微观晶体结构特性。结果表明：当冷却速率低于10⁴ K/min时,起始结晶温度随冷却速率增大而缓慢降低,得到的晶体片晶熔融温度和厚度随冷却速率增大而减小;当冷却速率高于10⁴ K/min时,起始结晶温度随冷却速率增大而迅速降低,而片晶厚度则变化不大;高的流延辊温得到的铸片晶体熔融温度高,片晶厚度大,且UHMWPE固含量越高,高、低温流延辊得到的铸片晶体熔融温度与片晶厚度差别越大。     

聚乳酸可降解材料结晶和熔融行为的研究

用DSC和XRD研究了聚乙二醇（PEG）用量、分子量和退火温度对PLA结晶和熔融行为的影响。结果表明PEG的加入有利提高PLA的结晶度和结晶温度;PLA／PEG样品在低于10022退火后均表现出双熔融峰特征,退火温度越高,样品的低熔融峰（Tm1）越高且熔融热焓也越高;PEG分子量越大,其低熔融峰的熔融热焓（△H1）越大...     

CRYSTALLIZATION AND MELTING OF NYLON 610

Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the crystallization andmelting of nylon 610. For nylon 610 crystallized from the melt state (260℃), the overall rateof bulk crystallization can be described by a simple Avrami equation with Avrami exponentn ≈ 2, independent of crystallization temperature. With the experimentally obtainedT_m~0 (235℃ ～ 255℃) of nylon 610, the fold surface free energy σ_e was determined to be35 ～38 erg/cm~2. The effects of annealing temperature and time on the melting of quenchednylon 610 were also investigated. For nylon 610 quenched at room temperature there isonly one DSC endotherm peak DSC scans on annealed samples exhibited an endothermpeak at approximately 10℃ above the annealing temperature. The size and position of theendothermic peak is strongly related to annealing temperature and time. An additionalthird melting was observed when quenched nylon 610 was annealed at high temperaturefor a sufficiently long residence time. The existence of the third melting peak suggests thatmore than one kind of distribution of lamella thickness may occur when quenched nylon610 is annealed. The implications of these results in terms of crystal thickening mechanismwere discussed.     

Polymer crystalline structure and morphology changes in nylon‐6/ZnO nanocomposites

The influence of ZnO nanoparticles on the crystalline structures of nylon‐6 under different crystallization conditions (annealing at different temperatures from the amorphous solid, isothermal crystallization from the melt at different temperatures, and crystallization from the solution) has been examined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. ZnO nanoparticles can induce the γ‐crystalline form in nylon‐6 when it is cooled from the melted state and annealed from the amorphous solid. This effect of ZnO nanoparticles increases with decreasing particle size and changes under different crystallization conditions. The effects of ZnO nanoparticles on the crystallization kinetics of nylon‐6 have also been studied with DSC. The results show that ZnO nanoparticles have two competing effects on the crystallization of nylon‐6: inducing the nucleation but retarding the mobility of polymer chains. Finally, the melting behavior of the composites has been investigated with DSC, and the multiple melting peaks of composites containing ZnO nanoparticles and pure nylon‐6 are ascribed to the reorganization of imperfect crystals. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1033–1050, 2003     

尼龙1212/尼龙6共混体系的非等温结晶行为

用DSC研究了尼龙 12 12 ,尼龙 6及其共混体系的非等温结晶行为 .结果表明 ,加工历史对尼龙的结晶和熔融行为影响很大 .经双螺杆挤出机挤出的尼龙 12 12和尼龙 6 ,由于应力诱导分子链取向 ,其结晶温度都有不同程度的提高 ,且表现出多重熔融现象 .在共混体系中 ,尼龙 12 12分子在共混物的界面上异相成核结晶 ,提高了其结晶温度 ,但酸酐化SEBS的加入抑制了分子链的运动又使其结晶温度降低 .共混体系降低了尼龙12 12的熔融温度 ,并使得其高熔点的熔融峰逐渐消失 ;而尼龙 6的熔融行为基本上没有变化 .     

Melting of constrained drawn nylon 6 yarns

A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to study the melting behavior of drawn nylon 6 yarns which were prevented from shrinking during heating. The DSC curves exhibit a single melting peak at a higher temperature instead of the double peaks which, as reported previously, were observed in the unconstrained state. The curve is explained quantitatively in terms of the perfecting of the original crystals followed by monotonic melting of these crystals during heating. The single peak results from the absence of the partial melting–recrystallization process which plays an important role in the appearance of double peaks. The temperature of the melting peak for the constrained sample increases linearly with draw ratio, and is unaffected by drawing temperature and by annealing at constant length after drawing. The elevation of the melting temperature is discussed on the basis of the entropy effects predicted theoretically by Zachmann. Thermal analysis of constrained samples has proved to be useful for detecting oriented crystals which coexist with unoriented ones.     

不同初始结构间规聚丙烯纤维熔融过程中的结晶转变行为

通过熔融纺丝及随后的热处理制备了具有不同初始结构的间规聚丙烯纤维(sPP).采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和变温广角X-射线衍射仪详细研究了sPP纤维在升温过程中的结构转变和熔融行为.结果表明,不同初始结构sPP纤维的晶型不同,卷绕纤维和退火处理纤维以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型晶型为主,牵伸纤维介晶相占优;升高温度导致Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两种晶型直接熔融,没有出现Ⅱ型向Ⅰ型的晶型转变;初始结构为介晶相的纤维在升温过程中部分介晶相直接转变为Ⅱ型晶型,还有一部分介晶相直接熔融,并在随后的升温过程中,形成Ⅰ型晶型.sPP纤维的多重熔融行为与其初始结构和纤维制备条件密切相关.     

嵌段共聚物PVCH-b-PE-b-PVCH的多重结晶行为

通过采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)主要研究了结晶-非晶嵌段共聚物聚乙烯基环己烷-b-聚乙烯-聚乙烯基环己烷(PVCH-b-PE-b-PVCH)溶液结晶样品的熔融与非等温再结晶过程.探讨了溶液结晶样品中微相分离结构的形成对嵌段共聚物受限结晶的影响,并发现样品在熔融后的非等温结晶过程中出现了多重结晶峰.通过对嵌段共聚物有序、...     

THE DOUBLE MELTING PEAKS OF POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE)

Three sets of PET samples, comprising original (undrawn), uniaxially drawn and biaxially ones, after annealed at 230°, 240°and 250℃respectively, were subjected to DSC thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and IR analysis. The results indicate that the phenomenon of double melting peaks during DSC analysis is due to the partial melting and recrystallization of the crystallite at the moment of thermal scanning. The lower temperature peak, which varies slightly according to annealing condition, corresponds to the melting of imperfect crystallite, and the higher temperature peak corresponds to the melting of better organized crystallite. In the course of temperature scanning, the unit cell parameters of PET remains unchanged while the crystals turn to better crystal lattice, greater crystal size and more regular folding.We also found that there is a slight reduction in crystal size between the two melting peaks, and an explanation is suggested for this phenomenon.     

Radiation effects on the immiscible polymer blend of nylon1010 and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) I: Gel/dose curves,mathematical expectation theorem and thermal behaviour

This paper studies the radiation properties of the immiscible blend of nylon1010 and HIPS. The gel fraction increased with increasing radiation dose. The network was found mostly in nylon1010, the networks were also found in both nylon1010 and HIPS when the dose reaches 0.85 MGy or more. We used the Charleby–Pinner equation and the modified Zhang–Sun-Qian equation to simulate the relationship with the dose and the sol fraction. The latter equation fits well with these polymer blends and the relationship used by it showed better linearity than the one by the Charleby–Pinner equation. We also studied the conditions of formation of the network by the mathematical expectation theorem for the binary system. Thermal properties of polymer blend were observed by DSC curves. The crystallization temperature decreases with increasing dose because the cross-linking reaction inhibited the crystallization procession and destroyed the crystals. The melting temperature also reduced with increasing radiation dose. The dual melting peak gradually shifted to single peak and the high melting peak disappeared at high radiation dose. However, the radiation-induced crystallization was observed by the heat of fusion increasing at low radiation dose. On the other hand, the crystal will be damaged by radiation. A similar conclusion may be drawn by the DSC traces when the polymer blends were crystallized. When the radiation dose increases, the heat of fusion reduces dramatically and so does the heat of crystallization.