基于纳米金适配体传感器的激光诱导检测凝血酶

利用激光可使纳米金修饰的双链DNA(dsDNA)去杂化和适配体的特异性,设计了一种新颖、稳定、可控且高灵敏的凝血酶检测方法。将两端分别修饰金纳米粒子与荧光标记物的核酸适配体与其互补链杂化制成稳定的dsDNA传感器,当凝血酶存在时,通过激光触发传感器去杂化释放适配体并与凝血酶结合,拉近金纳米粒子与荧光标记物的距离,产生猝灭使荧光信号发生变化。对激光照射时间、激光输出功率、温育时间等条件进行优化。在最优条件下,荧光强度变化值(ΔI)与凝血酶浓度在0.55~33 nmol/L范围内呈现出良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为y=0.0082x+0.2714,相关系数R^2为0.98,血清中加标回收率为95.5~102.7%,且溶菌酶等无明显干扰。该方法可作为凝血酶的检测方法。     

基于适配体的纳米金光学探针可视化法快速测定中药材中的啶虫脒

以农药啶虫脒适配体作为识别元件,以纳米金作为颜色指示剂,建立了一种基于啶虫脒适配体的纳米金光学探针特异测定中药材中啶虫脒含量的方法。用甲醇超声提取样品,离心后,上清液用无水MgSO_4和N-丙基乙二胺净化。纳米金溶液和啶虫脒适配体溶液在室温下反应15min后,加入样品溶液,继续反应20min,最后加入200mmol·L~(-1) NaCl溶液,静置5min。在高盐环境中,啶虫脒与适配体发生特异性结合,纳米金表面会因为失去适配体保护而发生聚集,体系颜色由红色变为蓝色。采用多功能酶标仪测量上述体系在520,650nm处的吸光度。结果显示:啶虫脒的质量浓度在20～200μg·L~(-1)内与650nm处和520nm处吸光度的比值呈线性关系,检出限为1.13μg·L~(-1)。对空白中药材进行3个浓度水平的加标回收试验,所得回收率为91.1%～105%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.1%～4.8%。方法用于多种中药材中啶虫脒的测定,在2种中药材中检出了啶虫脒,检出质量分数为329.10,125.22μg·kg~(-1)。     

采用纳米金和荧光标记的适配体检测凝血酶

将荧光染料分子标记的含29个碱基的可识别凝血酶的DNA适配体非特异吸附到纳米金表面,荧光发生猝灭,加入凝血酶后,凝血酶与适配体特异性结合,使适配体空间结构发生改变,荧光染料分子远离纳米金表面,荧光恢复,因此可以实现对凝血酶的检测。实验结果表明,这种检测方法简便、快速、特异性强,检出限为0.54 nmol/L(对应样品体积为200μL)。     

基于上转换荧光纳米粒子和金纳米粒子间荧光共振能量转移的高灵敏赭曲霉毒素A检测方法研究

制备了水溶性的上转换荧光纳米材料,在其表面修饰赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)适配体作为能量供体探针;在金纳米粒子表面修饰OTA适配体互补链作为能量受体探针,构建了OTA适配体传感器。在最优条件下,OTA的检测范围为0.001~10 ng/mL,检出限可达0.001 ng/mL。将其应用于啤酒样品中OTA的检测,当加标水平为0.01、0.1、1.0 ng/mL时,回收率为100%~119%,相对标准偏差为4.3%~4.9%,表明该方法可用于实际样品检测。该方法具有灵敏度高、特异性好、操作简单、成本较低等优点。     

以甲苯胺蓝为电化学探针的核酸适配体传感器用于腺苷的检测

通过金硫键将腺苷适配体互补链(S1)和末端带羧基的DNA链(S2)修饰在金纳米粒子(GNPs)表面,以及甲苯胺蓝(TB)与S2的酰胺反应将TB标记在金纳米粒子表面形成甲苯胺蓝标记的DNA探针分子TB-S2-GNPs-S1,然后在玻碳电极表面电沉积一层金纳米粒子,以其为载体将末端带有巯基的腺苷适配体(Apt)固定在电极表面,以牛血清蛋白为封闭剂消除非特异性吸附,再通过TB-S2-GNPs-S1中的S1与Apt杂交将TB-S2-GNPs-S1负载到电极表面,成功建立了一种以甲苯胺蓝为电化学探针检测腺苷的适配体生物传感器。采用紫外可见光谱和扫描电镜对合成的金纳米粒子和TB-S2-GNPs-S1复合物进行表征。对电极的组装过程采用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法(EIS)进行表征,对传感器的性能采用差分脉冲法(DPV)和电化学阻抗进行研究。该传感器在1.0×10-4~100.0 ng/m L范围内对腺苷具有良好的信号响应,相关系数(r)为0.994,检出限(S/N=3)为64.7 fg/m L。     

基于纳米多孔硅烷薄膜的适体电化学传感器用于黄曲霉毒素B1的检测

构建了一个基于纳米多孔硅烷薄膜的适体电化学传感器,用于中草药中的黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的灵敏检测。以溶胶-凝胶溶液电沉积再洗脱的方法在活化的玻碳电极表面制备了孔隙均匀,结构稳定的纳米多孔硅烷薄膜,并在此基础上沉积了金纳米粒子,为巯基修饰的适配体提供了大量的活性位点。利用AFB1与适配体的特异性结合能力,将适配体上吸附的信号分子亚甲基蓝（MB）与目标物AFB1形成竞争关系,以此来定量检测AFB1,线性范围在0.01～75μg/L,检出限为5.6 ng/L。方法应用于3种中草药（当归、黄芪、党参）的加标回收检测,结果满意。本传感器的构建为检测AFB1提供了一个新的思路。     

基于金包裹磁性纳米粒子与适配体修饰CdTe纳米探针的凝血酶检测方法

构建了一个适配体修饰的CdTe纳米探针,利用磁性纳米粒子的分离技术,采用示差脉冲伏安法检测凝血酶。磁性纳米粒子作为分离材料,CdTe纳米粒子作为电化学探针,通过凝血酶的特异性识别,适配体从DNA双链中解旋,并与凝血酶结合形成G-四重体结构,达到检测凝血酶的目的,检出限达0.13pmol/L。该方法灵简便、灵敏、成本低,并成功用于实际样品的检测。此外,该方法可被广泛应用于蛋白质监测和疾病诊断。     

核酸适配体传感器在黄曲霉毒素B1检测中应用研究进展北大核心CSCD

核酸适配体作为一种新型识别分子,具有亲和力高、稳定性强、制备成本低、特异性强等优点,但其自身不具有信号转换功能,它与靶标分子特异性结合过程,不可产生被检测的物理化学信号。因此,需将核酸适配体与靶标分子特异性识别结合过程转为易于被检测的物理化学信号变化的过程。根据信号转换方式的不同,可将适配体生物传感器分为荧光适配体传感器、比色适配体传感器、电化学适配体传感器和表面拉曼散射适配体传感器。本文对基于以上4种检测信号的核酸适配体生物传感器在黄曲霉毒素(AFB1)检测方面的应用进行综述,并概述该类传感器应用前景和当前面临的挑战。     

基于核酸适配体和纳米材料的凝血酶蛋白特异性识别电化学生物传感器

介绍了一种结合核酸适配体技术和纳米技术,以凝血酶蛋白为研究对象的高效、高灵敏、特异性识别蛋白质的电化学生物传感器. 利用金纳米颗粒标记的核酸适配体以及被固定在磁性纳米颗粒上的核酸适配体与凝血酶蛋白同时结合形成磁性颗粒/凝血酶/纳米金胶的三明治结构, 利用磁性分离, 将金胶纳米颗粒特异性地吸着到电极表面, 通过检测电极上金胶的电化学信号, 实现对凝血酶靶蛋白的检测. 这种生物传感器对凝血酶蛋白具有很高的特异性识别能力, 其检测不受其他蛋白质如牛血清白蛋白等存在的干扰, 可应用于实际血浆中凝血酶的检测. 由于利用磁性纳米颗粒使得分离、富集和测定在同一个自制的电化学反应池中进行, 其操作不仅简单, 而且检测的灵敏度得到提高. 该蛋白质生物传感器的线性范围为5.6×10^-12 ~ 1.12×10^-9 mol/L, 检测限可以达到1.42×10^-12 mol/L.     

核酸适配体生物传感器在农残检测中的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

由于核酸适配体具有特异性强、亲和力高、制备方便、易修饰、稳定性好、目标物多样性等特点,基于适配体的传感器研究工作一直是广大科研工作者的研究热点。相较于具有特异性识别的生物酶的使用,核酸适配体在农药残留检测中的应用正在发展中,具有广阔的前景。本文主要介绍近两年来核酸适配体生物传感器在农药分子检测领域的相关进展。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.