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Kecheng Jie Nicole Onishi Jennifer A. Schott Ilja Popovs De‐en Jiang Shannon Mahurin Sheng Dai 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(6):2268-2272
Porous liquids are a type of porous materials that engineer permanent porosity into unique flowing liquids, exhibiting promising functionalities for a variety of applications. Here a Type I porous liquid is synthesized by transforming porous organic cages into porous ionic liquids via a supramolecular complexation strategy. Simple physical mixing of 18‐crown‐6 with task‐specific anionic porous organic cages affords a porous ionic liquid with anionic porous organic cages as the anionic parts and 18‐crown‐6/potassium ion complexes as the cationic parts. In contrast, mixing of 15‐crown‐5 and anionic porous organic cages in a 2:1 ratio gives only solids, while the addition of excess 15‐crown‐5 affords a Type II porous liquid. The permanent porosity in the cage‐based porous liquids has been also confirmed by molecular simulation, positron (e+) annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, and enhanced gas sorption capacity compared with pure crown ethers. 相似文献
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空气中多孔炭在高温下极易被氧化,极大地限制了其在催化领域的应用。为了提高多孔炭在高温下的抗氧化能力,以KOH化学活化法制备的多孔炭为原料,通过固体渗硼对多孔炭进行热处理。结果表明,渗硼后多孔炭表面的活性点数量明显减少,抑制了氧化性气体与多孔炭的反应,从而提高了多孔炭的抗氧化能力。并且渗剂在多孔炭中的质量分数为10%、渗剂中B4C的质量分数为25%、热处理5h时,与多孔炭原料相比,渗硼后600℃多孔炭氧化失重率由70%左右降低到20%左右,比表面积降低10%~20%,多孔炭材料的微反活性仍可达到70.25。 相似文献
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作为一种非金属半导体光催化剂,石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)已广泛应用于水中有机污染物去除、劈裂水产氢、二氧化碳还原制碳氢化合物燃料以及选择性氧化有机合成等许多光催化领域.然而,聚集态层状结构和粉末物理状态严重限制了g-C3N4在非均相光催化反应中的实际应用.一方面,g-C3N4的聚集态层状结构限制了光生载流子的表面迁移并增加了光催化反应的传质阻力.另一方面,由于附加的固-液分离步骤,粉体g-C3N4不便于实际应用.因此,为解决g-C3N4的上述缺点,一些研究已经进行并集中于g-C3N4的形貌控制合成及负载.构建多孔微观结构是合成具有优异光催化活性g-C3N4的有效途径之一.本文研究表明,盐酸或乙二醇预处理的三聚氰胺均可用作制备多孔g-C3N4的前驱体.有趣的是,由于在多孔g-C3N4制备体系中不同制孔单元的共存,与通过盐酸或乙二醇单独预处理的三聚氰胺制备的多孔g-C3N4相比,通过二者共同预处理的三聚氰胺制备的多孔g-C3N4具有更丰富的多孔微观结构.与制备负载型二氧化钛不同,由于在制备g-C3N4过程中缺少溶胶-凝胶步骤,因此负载型g-C3N4较难制备.而且,对于氟-锡氧化物(FTO)基底负载的g-C3N4,在实际应用中存在一些不足.首先,FTO基底的片状物理结构不利于反应底物的扩散.其次,FTO基底的吸光效应会导致光能损失,因此g-C3N4只能在FTO基底的单面负载.最后,在g-C3N4和FTO基底之间无化学作用,因此在光催化反应过程中不可避免造成g-C3N4的损失.因此,以盐酸/乙二醇共同预处理的三聚氰胺作原料,氢氟酸/3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷共同预处理的石英棒作基底,首次制备了多孔g-C3N4和负载型多孔g-C3N4.丰富的多孔微观结构使得所制多孔g-C3N4具有优异的光催化活性;且由于多孔g-C3N4与石英棒基底间存在化学作用,因而具有相当高的稳定性.另外,由于在构建石英棒反应器之后不影响光生载流子的表面迁移和目标有机污染物的扩散,因此负载型多孔g-C3N4的光催化活性与粉体多孔g-C3N4相似.所制备多孔g-C3N4和负载型多孔g-C3N4的光催化活性通过在可见光条件下单组份有机废水的处理进行初步评价.在有机污染物降解同时产氢系统中,由于水和有机污染物之间的氧化还原反应难于进行,因此与传统的光催化降解和产氢系统相比,所制多孔g-C3N4的氢气产率和降解效率均显著降低;然而,在有机污染物降解同时产氢系统中,随着该材料光催化活性的提高,氢气产率和降解效率同时提高.这是因为光催化剂电子传递能力的提高促进了有机污染物和水之间的氧化还原反应. 相似文献
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在加热条件下采用氢化硅烷化反应对多孔硅表面进行改性, 通过扫描电子显微镜、 红外光谱及元素分析等手段表征了多孔硅改性前后的结构和组成, 研究了不同反应时间对其性能的影响. 结果表明, 反应3 h后制得了超疏水表面的多孔硅, 其在碱性及空气环境中具有良好的稳定性. 相似文献
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Xinyu Wang Hongqiang Wang Qifa Dai Qingyu Li Jianhong Yang Anna Zhang Zhixiong Yan 《Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects》2009,346(1-3):213-215
Irregular porous carbon spheres were successfully prepared from Na2SnO3 coated corn porous starch by carbonization. The product was characterized with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is verified that the irregular porous carbon spheres are composed of disordered carbon, and the skeleton and pores of the corn porous starch was well preserved after carbonization. The pore size of the irregular porous carbon spheres is almost the same, which is similar to that of the porous starch. And the pore size decreases from about 0.91 μm to 0.53 μm measured from the SEM pictures. The texture of the irregular porous carbon spheres is mainly determined by that of porous starch. 相似文献
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Preparation of porous materials with ordered hole structure 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This review paper investigates the synthesis of porous structures with controlled hole pattern and provides an overall view of the various factors involved when synthesizing such porous materials. The following factors are discussed: 1) various methods of synthesis to produce the porous structures; 2) materials which the porous structures are made of; 3) control of the pore structure; 4) various applications of such porous materials. The materials of the porous structures and the control of the pore structure will also be discussed separately under each different method, as these two factors are closely dependent on the method of fabrication. 相似文献
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We have performed measurements of boundary hysteresis loops, reversal curves, and subloops in p+-type porous silicon, a porous material composed of straight non-interconnected pores. These data show that a strong interaction mechanism exists between the pores. The pores of porous silicon are non-independent, whereas they are not interconnected. This hysteretic behavior is very similar to that observed in porous glass, which consists of cavities connected to each other by constrictions. This questions the so-called pore blocking/percolation model developed to explain the behavior of fluid in porous glass. More generally, if we disregard the shape of the boundary hysteresis loops which depends on the porous material (H1 for MCM-41 and SBA-15, H2 for porous glass and p+-type porous silicon), the hysteretic features inside the main loop are qualitatively the same for all these porous systems. This shows that none of these systems are composed of independent pores. A coupling between the pores is always present whether they are interconnected or not and whatever the shape of the main loop is. 相似文献
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Porous materials with well‐defined pore structures have received considerable attention in the past decades due to their unique structures and wide applications. Most porous materials such as zeolites, metal‐organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and porous organic polymers are extended to infinite frameworks or networks by robust covalent or coordination bonds. Porous molecular cages composed of discrete molecules with permanent cavities are an emerging class of porous material and the discrete molecules assemble into solids by weak intermolecular interaction. In comparison to porous extended solids such as metal‐organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks, porous molecular cage solids are generally soluble in organic solvents thus allowing solution processing, making them more convenient to apply in many fields. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances of application of porous molecular cages (porous organic cages and metal‐organic cages) for enantioselective recognition and separation from 2010 to present, including gas chromatography, capillary electrochromatography, chiral fluorescent recognition, chiral potentiometric sensing, and enantioselective adsorption. Furthermore, the two important family members of porous molecular cages, porous organic cages and metal‐organic cages, are also discussed. 相似文献
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Solidification of fluidic ionic liquids into porous materials yields porous ionic networks that combine the unique characteristics of ionic liquids with the common features of polymers and porous materials. This minireview reports the most recent advances in the design of porous ionic liquids. A summary of the synthesis of ordered and disordered porous ionic liquid-based nanoparticles or membranes with or without templates is provided, together with the new concept of room temperature porous ionic liquids. As a versatile platform for functional materials, porous ionic liquids have shown widespread applications in catalysis, adsorption, sensing, actuation, etc. This new research direction towards ionic liquids chemistry is still in its early stages but has great potential. 相似文献
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Qing-lan Ma Bao-gai Zhai Yuan Ming Huang 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2012,64(1):110-116
ZnO/porous silicon nanocomposites were fabricated by spin-coating the sol?Cgels of zinc acetate onto the top surface of porous silicon films. The photoluminescent properties of ZnO/porous silicon nanocomposites were investigated as a function of the concentration of zinc cations in the sol?Cgels. Characterizations with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and photospectroscopy indicated that ZnO nanocrystals were embedded into the spongy nanostructures of porous silicon after heat treatment at 245?°C for 20?min in air. The recorded photoluminescence exhibited that orange to green?Cblue emissions were achieved for the ZnO/porous silicon nanocomposites as the concentration of zinc cations in the sol?Cgels increased from 4 to 260?mM. The mechanisms on the tunability of the photoluminescence were discussed for the ZnO/porous silicon nanocomposites. Our results have demonstrated that the incorporation of green?Cblue phosphors into the porous matrix of porous silicon represents one endeavor to tune the photoluminescence of porous silicon across the visible spectral region. 相似文献
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《Electrochemistry communications》2008,10(1):56-60
We investigated electropolymerization of polypyrrole into porous silicon template. We used three types of porous silicon templates, i.e., porous silicon with ordered macro pores, medium-sized pores and meso pores. Polypyrrole was electropolymerized from pore bottoms to pore tops in all the porous silicon templates. After removal of the templates we obtained rod-shaped polypyrrole arrays. Changing the porous silicon templates easily controlled the size of the rod-shaped polypyrrole. We also used dendritic medium-sized pores for template, and then polypyrrole rod having a roughened surface was obtained. Here we demonstrated that the size and the surface morphology of polypyrrole rod were easily tuned using porous silicon. 相似文献
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XU Rong-guo YAO Jian-xi LAI Xiao-yong MAO Dan XING Chao-jian WANG Dan .State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex System 《高等学校化学研究》2009,25(1)
By the UV-curing method, a porous TiO2 film with net-like framework has been prepared. The characte-rization results of the porous TiO2 film by means of SEM, TEM, XRD, and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis show that the net-like framework of the porous TiO2 film is composed of TiO2 nanoparticles, forming three dimensional porous structure. The porous TiO2 film exhibits higher photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue(MB) dye compared with the conventional dense TiO2 film. 相似文献
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In situ fabrication of macroporous polymer networks within microfluidic devices by living radical photopolymerization and leaching 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Novel fabrication techniques and polymer systems are being explored to enable mass production of low cost microfluidic devices. In this contribution we discuss a new fabrication scheme for making microfluidic devices containing porous polymer components in situ. Contact lithography, a living radical photopolymer (LRPP) system and salt leaching were used to fabricate multilayer microfluidic devices rapidly with various channel geometries and covalently attached porous polymer plugs made of various photopolymerizable substrates. LRPP systems offer the advantages of covalent attachment of microfluidic device layers and facile surface modification via grafting. Several applications of the porous plugs are also explored, including a static mixer, a high surface area-to-volume reactor and a rapidly responding hydrogel valve. Quantitative and qualitative data show an increase in mixing of a fluorescein and a water stream for channels containing porous plugs relative to channels with no porous plugs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images demonstrate the ability to graft a functional material onto porous plug surfaces. A reaction was carried out on the grafted pore surfaces, which resulted in fluorescent labelling of the grafted material throughout the pores of the plug. Homogenous fluorescence throughout the depth of the porous plug and along pore surfaces indicated that the porous plugs were surface modified by grafting and that reactions can be carried out on the pore surfaces. Finally, porous hydrogel valves were fabricated which swelled in response to contact with various pH solutions. Results indicate that a porous hydrogel valve will swell and close more rapidly than other valve geometries made with the same polymer formulation. The LRPP-salt leaching method provides a means for rapidly incorporating porous polymer components into microfluidic devices, which can be utilized for a variety of pertinent applications upon appropriate selection of porous plug materials and surface treatments. 相似文献
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无机多孔材料因其具有特殊的物化性能在化工、能源、环保等相关领域被广泛应用。本文总结了无机多孔材料的当前研究进展,详细介绍了微孔、介孔、大孔材料和大孔-介孔、大孔-微孔、介孔-微孔以及大孔-介孔-微孔等复合孔材料的制备方法,并介绍了无机多孔材料在室内、外等环保催化领域的应用,特别介绍了多孔材料对于消除移动源污染的应用。最后,对当前无机多孔材料在制备方面存在的问题进行了总结,并对今后无机多孔材料的制备方法和研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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医用多孔NiTi合金表面溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2涂层 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用溶胶-凝胶法结合浸渍提拉工艺在多孔NiTi合金表面制备出了结构均一的锐钛矿型TiO2涂层,并在溶胶中添加聚乙二醇(PEG)作为造孔剂,进而在多孔NiTi合金表面制备出内层致密、外层多孔的TiO2复合涂层。SEM分析结果表明,TiO2涂层均匀地覆盖了多孔NiTi合金基体的外表面以及孔的内表面。Hanks溶液中的阳极极化曲线结果表明,与未处理的多孔NiTi合金相比,具有致密TiO2涂层的多孔NiTi合金其耐腐蚀性能有了显著提高。而多孔TiO2复合涂层进一步增大了多孔NiTi合金的实际表面积,提高了材料表面的生物活性。 相似文献