高效液相色谱法测定植物果实中儿茶素、表儿茶素和原花青素B_2

提出了高效液相色谱法测定植物果实中儿茶素、表儿茶素和原花青素B2。样品经乙醇(6+4)溶液索氏提取后,用固相萃取技术对提取液进行净化。以SinoChrom ODS C18色谱柱为分离柱,以乙腈-0.1%(φ)磷酸溶液(15+85)为流动相进行洗脱,检测波长为280nm。3种目标分析物质量浓度的线性范围为5.0~100.0mg·L-1,方法的检出限(3S/N)在1.03~2.38mg·L-1之间。对样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在83.6%~98.5%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=3)在0.4%~2.1%之间。     

HPLC法同时测定油橄榄叶中的5种多酚类化合物含量

建立了HPLC法同时测定油橄榄叶抗糖尿病有效部位中的5种多酚类化合物含量。优选的色谱条件为:色谱柱:Sinochrom ODS-BP柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm);DAD检测器;检测波长:230 nm;流速:1.0 mL/min;柱温:30℃;进样量:10μL;流动相:水(A)+甲醇(B),梯度洗脱:0~5 min,30%B;5~20 min,30%B~52%B;20~25 min,52%B~50%B。在优选的色谱条件下,5种多酚类化合物能够得到较好的分离。日内RSD为1.4%~2.6%,日间RSD为0.8%~2.8%,回收率为97.1%~113.2%。方法可用于测定油橄榄叶及其抗糖尿病有效部位中的5种多酚类化合物的含量。     

高分辨气相色谱-质谱法同时测定食用油中二噁英和呋喃的多氯(溴)代二苯并衍生物的含量

提出了用高分辨气相色谱-质谱法同时测定食用油中17种多氯取代以及8种多溴取代的苯并二噁英和苯并呋喃含量的方法。食用油样品依次经过酸性硅胶床、多段硅胶柱及Florisil柱净化。净化中分别用正己烷、正己烷-二氯甲烷(97+3)混合液、正己烷-二氯甲烷(40+60)和单一的二氯甲烷作为淋洗剂,洗脱上述化合物,GC-MS测定。各化合物的检出限(3S/N)在0.022 3~1.67μg·L-1之间。用标准加入法测得多氯代化合物的回收率在97.8%~118%之间,多溴代化合物的回收率在96.5%~113%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为4.9%~6.7%和6.6%~17%之间。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定塑料中15种致敏芳香化合物

提出了加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定塑料中15种致敏芳香化合物。样品与硅藻土混匀后采用丙酮为溶剂,在80℃,1 500 MPa压力条件下提取20min,循环2次,萃取物浓缩定容后经DB-17石英毛细管色谱柱分离,在全扫描和选择离子监测模式下测定。颜色较深的样品经硅胶固相萃取小柱净化后测定,内标法定量。15种化合物的线性范围均为0.005~60 mg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)在0.005~0.03mg·L-1之间。方法用于聚丙烯、聚乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料样品的分析,加标回收率在83.3%~118%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在3.0%~9.9%之间。     

液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定壮阳类保健品中非法添加物

采用液相色谱-高分辨质谱法检测壮阳类保健品中的5种非法添加物。样品经甲醇超声提取后,以C18色谱柱为分离柱,以0.1%(体积分数)乙酸溶液与乙腈组成的混合溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源及全扫描/二级质谱目标离子扫描模式进行测定。5种非法添加物的线性范围为1.0~50μg·L-1,方法测定下限(10S/N)在0.3~0.4μg·L-1之间。对样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在78.0%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.62%~2.3%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定汽油中8种醚类和苯胺类添加剂

采用气相色谱-质谱法同时测定汽油8种醚类和苯胺类化合物。采用强极性离子液体色谱柱(SLB-1L 111毛细管色谱柱)分离样品,质谱中选择电喷雾离子源-选择离子监测模式,以苯乙酮为内标物进行定量分析。8种化合物的质量分数在10~10 000 mg·kg-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.2~2.0 mg·kg-1之间。加标回收率在91.2%~111%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在0.18%~3.0%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中5种荧光增白剂

采用高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中5种荧光增白剂的含量。样品经甲醇超声提取,以C18色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇和5mmol·L-1四丁基硫酸氢铵溶液以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用荧光检测器测定。5种荧光增白剂在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)在0.1~2.0μg·g-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在85.1%~97.1%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%~5.7%之间。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测红葡萄酒中功效成分

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定葡萄酒中白藜芦醇、黄酮类、多酚类功效成分的分析方法。葡萄酒样品直接稀释后进样,用C18柱进行分离,以乙腈-0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,通过多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测。13种功效成分在各自线性范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99。除表没食子儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、儿茶素没食子酸酯、花旗松素的检出限为1.0、1.0、3.0、3.0μg/L外,其他9种化合物的检出限均小于1.0μg/L。回收率为80.9%~112.3%,相对标准偏差小于10%。该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于葡萄酒中功效成分的快速分析。对实际样品的检测表明,所测葡萄酒样品中均含有儿茶素、表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯/儿茶素没食子酸酯、白藜芦醇、大豆黄素等功效成分,不同品种葡萄酒中这些功效成分含量差异显著。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中三苯甲烷类与噻嗪类染料及其代谢产物

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对鱼肉和虾肉中三苯甲烷类与噻嗪类染料及其代谢物进行测定。样品经对甲苯磺酸-乙酸铵-乙腈溶液提取,正己烷脱脂,二氯甲烷萃取,MCAX固相萃取净化后,以Waters BEH C18色谱柱为分离柱,以0.15%甲酸溶液(含5mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液)-乙腈混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源及多反应监测模式进行测定。各化合物的质量浓度在20.0μg·L-1以内呈线性,方法的测定下限(10S/N)均为0.5μg·kg-1。对空白样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在62.6%~108%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.0%~14%之间。方法用于鱼肉和虾肉样品的检测,结果与国家标准方法的测定值一致。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中23种农药残留量

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中23种农药的残留量。茶叶样品以乙腈超声提取,以复合双层固相萃取柱净化。在气相色谱分离中用HP-5MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用多反应监测模式。以环氧七氯为内标物。方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.003~0.02mg·kg-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在87.5%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%~9.9%之间。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.