碳包覆Ti_2Nb_2O_9纳米片的制备及其储钠性能

具有两种不同阳离子的二元金属氧化物在钠离子电池中可发生可逆的多电子反应,是一类非常具有应用前景的高容量负极材料。在本项工作中,通过离子交换法和化学剥离法得到HTiNbO_5纳米片,采用水热法将其与蔗糖复合再经由后续热处理得到碳包覆的Ti_2Nb_2O_9纳米片材料。碳包覆的Ti_2Nb_2O_9纳米片可用作钠离子电池的负极材料,具有更高的电子导电性和多的反应活性点以及快速的离子传输通道,在50 m A?g~(-1)的电流密度下具有265.2 m Ah?g~(-1)的可逆容量。在0.5A?g~(-1)的大电流密度下,循环200圈之后比容量为160.9 m Ah?g~(-1) (容量保持率75.3%)。研究结果表明Ti_2Nb_2O_9/C纳米片在钠离子电池中具有出色的充放电性能和循环稳定性,为钠离子电池负极材料提供了可行的新选择。     

Fabrication of Nb2O5/C nanocomposites as a high performance anode for lithium ion battery

Nb₂O₅/C nanosheets are successfully prepared through a mixing process and followed by heating treatment.Such Nb₂O₅/C based electrode exhibits high rate performance and remarkable cycling ability, showing a high and stable specific capacity of ~380 mAh g^-1 at the current density of 50 mA g^-1(much higher than the theoretical capacity of Nb₂O₅).Further more,at a current density of 500 mA g^-1,the nanocomposites electrode still exhibits a specific capacity of above 150 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles.These results suggest the Nb₂O₅/C nanocomposite is a high performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries.     

Controlling the morphology,size and phase of Nb2O5 crystals for high electrochemical performance

Herein, the nano-sized niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅) with different morphologies and phase structures are synthesized through a very simple thermal treatment method, including the pseudohexagonal Nb₂O₅ nanosheets and pseudohexagonal Nb₂O₅ nanoparticles, orthorhombic Nb₂O₅ nanoparticles. The synthesized pseudohexagonal Nb₂O₅ nanosheets and orthorhombic Nb₂O₅ nanoparticles exhibit better cycling and rate performance than the pseudohexagonal Nb₂O₅ nanoparticles due to the different morphologies and phase structures.     

Synthesis of iron oxide cubes/reduced graphene oxide composite and its enhanced lithium storage performance

Fe₃O₄ is considered as a promising electrode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) due to its low cost and high theoretical capacity(928 mAh/g).Nevertheless,the huge volume expansion and poor conductivity seriously hamper its practical applications.In this study,we use a facile hydrothermal reaction together with a post heat treatment to construct the three-dimensional heterostructured composite(Fe₃O₄/rGO) inwhich reduced graphene oxide sheets wraped the Fe₃O₄ submicron cubes as the conductive network.The electric conduction and electrode kinetics of lithium ion insertion/extraction reaction of the composite is enhanced due to the assist of conductive rGO,and thus the Listorage performance is obviously improved.The composite exhibits a reversible charge capacity of772.1 mAh/g at the current density of 0.1 A/g,and the capacity retention reaches 70.3% after400 cycles at0.5 A/g,demonstrating obviously higher specific capacity and rate capability over the Fe₃O₄ submicron cubes without rGO,and much superior cycling stability to the parent Fe_2 O_3 submicron cubes without rGO.On the other hand,as a synergic conductive carbon support,the flexible rGO plays an important role in buffering the large volume change during the repeated discharge/charge cycling.     

Lotus-stalk Bi4Ge3O12 as binder-free anode for lithium and sodium ion batteries

The synthesized lotus-stalk Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ utilized as binder-free anode for LIBs demonstrates excellent cycling performance. The synthesized lotus-stalk Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ is composed of nanosheets, which is contribute to outstanding lithium storage performance.     

Na2Ti3O7纳米片原位制备与钠离子电池负极材料应用

报道了Na₂Ti₃O₇纳米片的原位生长和钠离子电池负极材料的应用。通过简单的腐蚀市售的钛片制备出相互连接的微纳结构的Na₂Ti₃O₇纳米片。此外,腐蚀后的钛片在不用添加导电剂或粘结剂的情况下,可以直接作为电极材料使用。这种电极材料表现出优越的电化学性能,在50 mA·g^–1的电流密度下具有175 mAh·g^–1的可逆容量,在2000 mA·g^–1的电流密度下循环3000周后,其容量仍保持120 mAh·g^–1,容量保持率为96.5%。Na₂Ti₃O₇纳米片电极的优越电化学性能归因于二维结构具有较短的离子/电子扩散路径以及无粘结剂结构能有效的增加电极的电子传导能力。结果表明,这种微纳结构能够有效地克服Na₂Ti₃O₇作为电极材料离子/电子导电性差的缺点。因此,这种无粘结剂结构的Na₂Ti₃O₇纳米片负极材料是一种很有潜力的钠离子负极材料。     

Binder-free carbon fiber/TiNb2O7 composite electrode as superior high-rate anode for lithium ions batteries

Carbon fibre supported titanium niobium oxide (TiNb₂O₇) composite electrodes are prepared via a simple solvothermal method and show superior high-rate performance with large capacity and good cycling performance.     

尖晶石型八面体结构锰酸锂的制备及其电化学性能

采用模板导向法和高温固相法制备尖晶石型八面体结构的LiMn₂O₄锂离子电池正极材料,研究了该材料的结构和电化学性能。 电化学性能研究表明,该电极材料具有良好的循环稳定性和倍率性能,在2.5~4.5 V电压范围,电流密度为100 mA/g时,首周充放电比容量分别为147和179 mA·h/g,循环50周后,其充放电比容量仍分别保持在180/181 mA·h/g。 优良的电化学性能可能归因于尖晶石LiMn₂O₄的形貌结构特征,该方法为制备锂离子电池正极材料提供了思路和依据。     

Freeze-drying-assisted Synthesis of Mesoporous CoMoO4 Nanosheets as Anode Electrode Material for Enhanced Lithium Batteries

A facile and green freeze-drying-assisted method was proposed to synthesize C0MoO4 mesoporous nano-sheets(MPNSs).The resulting product exhibits a Mgh specific capacity and good rate perfomance when evalimte an anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The reversible specific capacity can be kept at 1105.2 mA·h·g^-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A/g.Even at the current densities of 1 and 4 A/gs the CoMoO4 MPNSs electrode can still retain the reversible capacities of 1148.7 and 540 mA·h·g^-1,respectively.Furthermore,the full cell(LiPePO4 catliode/CoMoO4 MPNSs anode)displays a stable discharge capacity of 146.7 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.1 C(1 C=170 mA/g)together with an initial coulombic efficiency of 98.2%.In addition,the CoMoO4 crystal structure is destroyed and reduced into Co^0 and Mo^0 in the first discharge process.In the subsequent cycles,the attractive Li storage properties come from the reversible conversions between Co/Co^2+and Mo/Mo^6+.The improved electroche-mical performance of CoMoO4 MPNSs is mainly attributed to their unique porous structures,which not only possess a good ion diffusion and electronic conduction pathway,but also provide many cavities to alleviate the volume changes during repeated cycling.This work offers a new perspective to the design of other porous electrode materials with a good energy storage performance.     

Reduced graphene oxide wrapped hollow molybdenum trioxide nanorod for high performance lithium-ion batteries

Reduced graphene oxide wrapped hollow molybdenum trioxide nanorods have been fabricated as a high performance anode material for lithium batteries.     

锂离子电池用Cr2O3/TiO2复合材料的电化学性能

采用高温固相反应法合成了Cr₂O₃/TiO₂复合材料, 运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、充放电测试、循环伏安(CV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等对其结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了表征. 研究结果表明: TiO₂掺杂能够显著改善Cr₂O₃的充放电循环性能, Cr₂O₃/TiO₂复合材料在充放电循环22周后仍有454 mAh·g^-1的可逆循环容量, 容量保持率达到了73.6%, 主要归因于TiO₂掺杂能够显著提高Cr₂O₃的电导率. Cr₂O₃/TiO₂复合材料首次放电过程中由于电极体积膨胀导致的固体电解质相界面(SEI)膜迅速增厚和活性材料电导率的降低可能是其首次充放电过程中存在较大不可逆容量和循环容量衰减的重要原因.     

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Co3O4/Graphene

Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide composites were synthesized via a simple electrochemical method from graphene oxide and Co（NO3）2·6H2O as raw materials.Co3O4 nanoparticles with sizes of around 30-50 nm were distributed on the surface of graphene nanosheets confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Electrochemical properties of Co3O4/graphene composite were tested by cyclic voltammetry,galvanostatic charge-discharge,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide composite was used as the pseudocapacitor electrode in the 2 mol/L NaOH aqueous electrolyte solution.The Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide composite electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 357 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g in a three-electrode system.72％ of capacitance was retained when the current density increased to 3 A/g.The Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide composite prepared electrodes show a high rate capability and excellent long-term stability.After 1000 cycles of charge and discharge,the capacitance is still maintained 87％ at a current density of 1 A/g,indicating that the composite is a oromising alternative electrode material used for supercapacitors.     

碳布负载的缺氧型Na2Ti3O7纳米带阵列作为高性能柔性钠离子电池负极材料

作为锂离子电池的理想替代品,钠离子电池因具有能源储备丰富、成本低廉等优点而受到人们的广泛关注。柔性便携式电子产品的发展亟需柔性储能器件的研制。因此,发展一种廉价、高性能的柔性钠离子电池负极材料成了科研工作者的共同目标。在此项工作中,我们通过简单的水热合成和热还原法发展了一种以柔性碳布为基底,与缺氧型的Na₂Ti₃O₇纳米带(NTO)构成三维阵列结构的新型柔性钠离子电池负极材料。复合材料(R-NTO/CC)的导电性和活性位点得到提高,电化学性能也大幅提升,在200 mA·cm^-2的电流密度下,实现100 mAh·cm^-2的面积比容量,且经过200次循环后仍保留最初电容值的80%。此外,这种电极还具有优良的倍率性能,当电流密度提高到400 mA·cm^-2时,仍保持69.7 mAh·cm^-2的面积比容量,是未引入氧空位材料的三倍之多。这种三维缺氧的电极材料可有效提高载流子浓度,缩短离子传输通道,从而大幅提升电极的电化学性能。此工作为设计合成高储钠性能的新型的负极材料提供了一种实用有效的策略。     

Preparation and Pseudo-capacitance Performance of NiCo2O4 Nanosheets

Ternary nickel cobaltite(NiCo₂O₄), as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors, has attracted increasing attention for its excellent electrochemical properties. In this study, novel NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets were rationally designed and prepared using dealloying process, followed by an oxidation treatment. The as-prepared sample was characterized by microstructural and electrochemical techniques in view of its possible application in supercapacitors. The as-prepared sample exhibited high specific capacitance and excellent durability. The specific capacitance reached 663 F/g at 1 A/g and the rate capacitance high up to 73.6% when the current density increased from 1 A/g to 20 A/g. After 5000 cycles of galvanostatic charge-discharge durability test at 4 A/g, the capacity retention rate was 82.1%. The results indicate that versatile dealloying can be used to prepare robust electrode for supercapacitor application.     

三维多孔MnOx@In2O3立方盒子的构筑及储锌性能

锰基氧化物作为锌离子电池正极具有高比容量和低成本等优点, 但在电化学循环过程中不可逆相变、 锰的溶解和电极/电解质界面不稳定导致其在小电流密度、 深度放电条件下的循环性能差. 针对以上问题, 合成了三维(3D)多孔MnO_x立方盒子, 并在其表面包覆In₂O₃层, 获得3D多孔MnO_x@In₂O₃立方盒子. 结果显示, MnO_x@In₂O₃立方盒子具有大量孔径约10 nm左右的孔, 有利于H⁺和Zn²⁺的快速传输; In₂O₃包覆层均匀包覆于3D多孔MnO_x立方盒子的孔壁上, 有利于抑制MnO_x在电化学循环过程中的不可逆相变和锰的溶解, 稳定电极/电解质界面. 电化学测试结果表明, 该3D多孔MnO_x@In₂O₃电极在0.3 A/g的小电流密度、 深度放电条件下能稳定循环400次以上, 容量保持260 mA·h/g; 在1. 8 A/g电流密度下可稳定循环4000次以上, 容量保持81 mA·h/g; 即使在高电流密度6.0 A/g下仍保持73.4 mA·h/g的高可逆容量. 恒电流间隙滴定(GITT)和循环伏安测试结果表明, 3D多孔MnO_x@In₂O₃电极比3D多孔MnO_x具有更高的离子扩散速率, 有利于提升其高倍率容量. 电化学阻抗谱结果表明, 3D多孔MnO_x@In₂O₃电极具有比3D多孔MnO_x更稳定的电极/电解质界面, 有利于提升其循环寿命. 2000次循环后的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果表明, MnO_x@In₂O₃电极表面仍分布少量In₂O₃, 以确保电极/电解质界面和循环的稳定性.     

SnS2纳米花/石墨烯纳米复合物的一步法合成及其增强的锂离子存储性能

SnS₂ is considered as an attractive anode material to substitute commercial graphite anodes of lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity of 645 mAh·g^-1 as well as low cost. Nevertheless, it suffers poor large volume expansion during the lithiation/delithiation processes, leading to the loss of electrical contact and rapid capacity fading. Herein, by using a facile one-step solvothermal method, SnS₂ nanoflower/graphene nanocomposites (SnS₂ NF/GNs) were prepared, where flower-like SnS₂ hierarchical nanostructures consisting of ultrathin nanoplates, are tightly enwrapped in graphene nanosheets. As anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the SnS₂ NF/GNs electrode exhibit superior electrochemical performance, with a reversible capacity of 523 mAh·g^-1 after 200 charge-discharge cycles. The enhanced Li storage performance was attributed to the synergistic effect of SnS₂ and graphene. The SnS₂ NF can effectively accommodate the volume change and shorten Li⁺ diffusion distance, while graphene nanosheets can further alleviate the volume expansion of SnS₂ and improve the electronic conductivity.     

Synthesis of carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 and its electrochemical performance as anode material for lithium-ion battery

Carbon-coated Li_4Ti_5O_(12) sample was synthesized by a sol-gel method. The Li_4Ti_5O_(12) powders were obtained by calcinations of the gels at 750, 800, 850,900 ℃ at N_2 atmosphere. The structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the materials were characterized by SEM, XRD and charge and discharge. The final product sintered at 850 ℃ demonstrates excellent performance with a specific capacity of 163.5 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 1C. Furthermore, the discharge specific capacity of the sample can retain 80 mAh/g at 10C.     

NaOH浓度对Na0.44MnO2储钠性能的影响

我们通过球磨法及后续的高温焙烧合成出了短棒状的Na_0.44MnO₂,并研究了其作为碱性水溶液钠离子电池正极时,电解液NaOH浓度对其电化学性能的影响。结果表明,提高NaOH浓度有利于抑制嵌氢反应的发生并改善电极的循环性能和倍率性能,但同时也会造成析氧反应的提前触发,浓度过高时则又会降低其倍率性能。Na_0.44MnO₂在8 mol·L^?1 NaOH中表现出了最佳的电化学性能,0.5C(1C=121 mA·g^?1)的电流密度下,比容量达到79.2 mAh·g^?1,50C时,仍能释放出35.3 mAh·g^?1的比容量,在0.2–1.2 V(vs.NHE)的电压窗口内,500周后容量保持率64.3%。此外,我们也发现缩小电压窗口可以减少副反应、改善循环性能。Na_0.44MnO₂在浓碱电解液中也表现出了优异的耐过充能力。上述结果不仅表明通过优化电解液体系和测试条件可大大改善Na_0.44MnO₂的储钠性能,同时也证实了Na_0.44MnO₂作为一种水溶液钠离子电池正极材料,在大规模储能领域具有良好的应用前景。     

二维纳米片组成的花状铁醇盐及其微纳结构三氧化二铁衍生物的储锂性能

Fe₂O₃作为锂电池负极材料具有诸多优点,但其较低的本征电导率和充放电循环过程中材料粉化使得其电化学储锂性能有待改善。 本文以具有花状微纳结构的铁醇盐为反应中间体,在空气气氛下烧结制备出具有花状微纳结构的铁基负极材料Fe₂O₃。 纳米花状的铁醇盐可以在低烧结温度下转化为目标产物,从而使得产物能够保持中间体的形貌。 300 ℃热处理条件下,所得样品在电流密度为200 mA/g时首次放电比容量为1360 mA·h/g,循环100次后的容量仍然达到515.6 mA·h/g;相比之下,450和800 ℃热处理所得样品100次循环后,比容量分别为247.6和206.7 mA·h/g。 微纳结构在增加材料的活性的同时,也能够抑制材料的粉化现象,因而所制得的材料表现出较大的比容量和良好的循环性能,为解决Fe₂O₃负极材料循环性能差的问题提供了思路。     

一步固相球磨法制备二硫化钼/石墨二维复合材料及其储锂性能

以商品化二硫化钼(MoS_2)和石墨为原料,首次通过一步固相球磨法制备了MoS_2/石墨二维复合材料。X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)测试结果表明,本体MoS_2和石墨在高速固相球磨过程中同时被剥离成较薄的片层,且剥离后的石墨片层均匀分散在MoS_2片层中。制备的MoS_2/石墨复合材料表现出优异的循环稳定性和倍率性能,其中,MoS_2/石墨(质量比7∶3)复合材料在100 mA/g电流密度下,首圈放电比容量801 mA·h/g,充放电循环100圈后仍保持在694 mA·h/g,远优于商品化的本体MoS_2(约110 mA·h/g)。这主要归功于球磨后得到的石墨片层不仅能提高复合材料的导电性,还能有效地抑制MoS_2片层团聚,保持材料的结构稳定性。该方法简便易行、成本低,适合于高性能锂离子电池电极材料的规模化制备。