基于靶序列循环及DNA长距自组装的电化学传感器用于乳腺癌相关序列c-erbB2的检测

基于"核酸外切酶(ExoⅢ)辅助靶序列循环"和"DNA长距自组装"两种信号放大技术研制了一种DNA电化学生物传感器,并将其用于乳腺癌相关靶序列的高灵敏、高特异性检测。通过将发卡型探针固定在金电极表面,当靶序列存在时,在ExoⅢ的辅助下,发生杂交、酶降解、再杂交的第一重信号放大过程。接着在电极表面加入两条辅助探针,即可发生级联式杂交,形成长距超级"三明治"DNA结构。该结构可吸附大量的电活性分子六氨合钌配合物(RuHex),产生很强的电化学信号,从而实现信号的第二重放大。实验结果表明,在最佳条件下,该传感器的线性范围为10 amol/L~10 pmol/L,检出限达到8 amol/L,而且能较好地识别完全互补和错配序列,有望用于临床实际样本中超低含量靶序列的检测。     

一种基于目标介导核酸链置换扩增反应的电化学传感器用于赭曲霉毒素A的检测研究

本文利用聚多巴胺纳米微球(Polydopamine Nanospheres, PDANS)作为富集功能核酸的载体材料，并结合链置换扩增(Strand Displacement Amplification, SDA)技术，构建了一种可用于超灵敏检测赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)的电化学传感方法。实验精细设计了一段整合了OTA适配体、扩增所需的引物和模板三种功能的发夹型DNA序列，并通过π-π作用吸附在PDANS表面。在PDANS的保护下，溶液中的核酸酶无法顺利消解吸附发夹型DNA,从而阻碍SDA的进行。在此条件下，带正电荷的电活性物质亚甲基蓝(MB)可以自由迁移到ITO电极表面，产生强电流信号。当OTA存在时，OTA与发卡DNA中的适配体相结合，引起发夹DNA构型变化而脱离PDANS表面。随后，在核酸内切酶和聚合酶的帮助下启动SDA反应，产生大量带负电荷的双链DNA(dsDNA)。此时，溶液中的MB分子通过静电相互作用而嵌入dsDNA沟槽中，从而使得ITO表面的电活性探针MB的数量减少，导致电流下降。该方法对OTA的检出限可以达到21 pmol/L,且无需标记和探针固定...     

基于免标记发夹型探针和核酸外切酶Ⅲ的荧光信号放大DNA检测

设计合成了一种长臂发夹型核酸探针,结合核酸外切酶Ⅲ水解反应建立了一种免标记荧光信号放大高灵敏检测DNA的新方法.当不存在靶DNA时,SYBR GreenⅠ荧光染料能够嵌入发夹型探针的茎部而发出很强的荧光,而当存在靶DNA并与发夹型探针杂交后,核酸外切酶Ⅲ从杂交产物的3'端开始水解发夹型探针,释放出靶DNA,并触发下一个酶水解反应,同时SYBR GreenⅠ染料也随发夹型探针水解而释放,导致荧光信号降低,从而实现了对DNA的免标记荧光信号放大高灵敏检测.该方法的检出限低至320 fmol/L,比传统双标的分子信标的方法降低了4~5个数量级,且该方法还具有免标记、简单、快速的特点.     

基于计时库仑技术的可再生型三磷酸腺苷适配体电化学传感器的研究

构建了一种可再生型三磷酸腺苷(ATP)适配体计时库仑电化学传感器.将一条短链DNA通过AuS键自组装固定在电极表面, ATP的核酸适配体与该短链DNA杂交而结合在电极表面.带负电的DNA通过静电吸引结合电解液中的六氨合钌(RuHex)阳离子.当传感器和靶分子ATP孵育后,ATP与核酸适配体结合,使适配体链从电极表面解离,电极表面吸附的DNA量减少,结合RuHex的量随之降低.通过计时库仑技术检测RuHex响应信号降低的量 ,可以对ATP进行定量测定.此传感器的电化学响应信号与ATP浓度对数值呈线性关系,线性检测范围为0.001~100 μmol/L,检出限(S/N=3)为0.5 nmol/L.此传感器检测靶分子ATP后,可以通过简单的操作步骤再生,再生5次后的响应信号为初始信号的90%以上.采用此传感器检测大鼠脑透析液中ATP的含量为(19.2±3.7) nmol/L (n=3).     

基于不同电化学探针检测乳腺癌基因片段电化学传感器的研究

构建了以3种不同电活性物质(铁氰化钾平衡电对、亚甲基蓝和六氨合钌)为电化学信号探针,检测乳腺癌基因片段(乳腺癌DNA)的电化学传感器。利用吸附作用将探针ss DNA固定于金纳米-多壁碳纳米管-Nafion复合纳米材料修饰金电极表面,制备了DNA电化学传感器。采用循环伏安法、电化学阻抗法和微分脉冲伏安法,对DNA电化学传感器进行表征和定量分析。实验结果表明,在5 mmol/L K3[Fe(CN)6]-5mmol/L K4[Fe(CN)6]平衡电对电化学探针检测液中,乳腺癌DNA的线性范围为0.1~500.0 nmol/L,其检出限(S/N=3)为0.03 nmol/L。以20μmol/L亚甲基蓝为电化学探针检测液时,乳腺癌DNA的线性范围为1.0~500.0 nmol/L,检出限为0.3 nmol/L。利用50μmol/L六氨合钌电化学探针检测时,乳腺癌DNA的线性范围为1.0~500.0 nmol/L,检出限为0.3 nmol/L。3种电化学探针中,利用铁氰化钾平衡电对探针检测乳腺癌DNA的检出限最低,线性范围最宽。该传感器可用于其他DNA的检测分析。     

纳米金颗粒增强信号的电化学生物传感器用于谷胱甘肽和半胱氨酸的检测

构建了一种高灵敏检测谷胱甘肽(GSH)和半胱氨酸(Cys)的新型电化学生物传感器. 先将富含T碱基的DNA1和DNA2探针分别修饰在金电极和纳米金颗粒(AuNPs)上, 再加入Hg²⁺, 通过形成T-Hg²⁺-T结构使AuNPs结合到金电极表面. 当加入GSH(或Cys)后, GSH(或Cys)可以竞争结合T-Hg²⁺-T结构中的Hg²⁺, 使AuNPs离开电极表面. 由于AuNPs上修饰的DNA探针能够静电吸附大量电活性物质六氨合钌(RuHex), 因此该过程可引起计时电量信号的显著变化, 据此实现了GSH(或Cys)的高灵敏检测. 该传感器的检出限达10 pmol/L, 比荧光法或比色法降低了2~3个数量级. 实验结果表明, 该传感器具有较好的选择性.     

基于核酸外切酶酶切反应的纳米金比色法检测T4多聚核苷酸激酶活性

建立了基于纳米金凝聚变色效应的检测T4多聚核苷酸激酶(T4 PNK)活性的方法。鉴于寡核苷酸链标记的纳米金能够稳定存在于一定浓度的盐离子缓冲溶液中,利用5’羟基修饰的发夹型探针作为金标探针,有T4 PNK存在时,金标探针5’羟基磷酸化,λ核酸外切酶被激活,酶切发夹型探针茎部双链DNA片段,接着在RecJf核酸外切酶作用下降解纳米金上修饰的残余的单链DNA,使得纳米金在一定盐离子浓度下团聚,溶液变成蓝紫色。结果表明,T4 PNK激酶检测的线性响应范围为0.5~4.0 U/mL,检测下限为0.24 U/mL。     

基于金纳米颗粒信号放大效应电化学检测DNA聚合酶

基于金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)比表面积大、 尺寸小和能够承载大量DNA片段的特点, 建立了一种免标记、 简便、 快速检测DNA聚合酶Klenow fragment exo-(KF^-)的电化学方法. 首先将巯基化的DNA引物片段修饰在金电极上, 然后加入模板DNA链以及修饰有报告DNA链的金纳米颗粒(AuNPs-DNA), 模板DNA链能同时与DNA引物片段和修饰在AuNPs上的报告DNA链进行互补杂交形成"三明治"结构, 从而将AuNPs-DNA修饰在电极表面; 当加入电活性物质钌铵(RuHex)后, RuHex可通过静电吸附作用结合在DNA上. AuNPs上修饰的报告DNA链能够吸附大量RuHex, 导致电化学信号放大. 当加入脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸(dNTPs)以及KF^-聚合酶后, 引物片段发生延伸反应, 将与模板DNA链杂交的AuNPs-DNA竞争下来, 带走大量的RuHex, 使电信号降低, 从而实现对聚合酶的检测. 实验结果表明, 利用该方法可以检测到5 U/mL的KF^-.     

基于核酸适体的电化学生物传感器*

核酸适体是一类体外筛选的、可与目标分子高效、高特异亲合的RNA或DNA寡核苷酸片段,与常规识别分子（如抗体等）相比,核酸适体作为一类新型识别分子具有明显特色和优势,已被广泛应用于生物传感等分子识别和应用研究领域。本文就基于核酸适体的电化学生物传感器（标记型和非标记型）的近期进展作简要评述,包括适体简介、标记型（“信号衰减”型、“信号增强”型、酶标记型和纳米粒子标记型）和非标记型电化学适体生物传感器等内容。     

基于链置换循环无标记检测端立酶RNA的荧光法

以氧化石墨烯(GO)作为DNA载体和荧光猝灭剂,SYBRGreen Ⅰ(SGⅠ)为荧光信号探针,发夹核酸探针为分子识别探针,基于目标物启动的发夹核酸探针链置换循环反应,建立了一种利用荧光共振能量转移和链置换循环放大技术检测端粒酶RNA (hTR)的荧光新方法.发夹核酸探针hpDNA1和hpDNA2吸附在GO表面,嵌插在发夹DNA探针茎部的SG Ⅰ的荧光信号被GO猝灭.当人工合成的目标物(T1)存在时,T1与hpDNA1杂交打开hpDNA1的茎-环结构而引发hpDNA2与T1之间的链置换循环反应,由此累积产生大量的hpDNA1/hpDNA2杂交双链.刚性的双链DNA脱离GO表面,导致所嵌插的SG Ⅰ产生较强的荧光信号.基于荧光信号的变化,可定量检测0.2～50 nmoL/L的T1,检出限为90 pmol/L.该方法为端粒酶RNA检测提供了一种高灵敏、高特异性且无需标记的荧光新途径.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.