镍纳米粒子修饰碳糊电极直接电催化鸟嘌呤的研究

将镍纳米粒子与石蜡、石墨按照一定比例混合制备镍纳米粒子修饰碳糊电极,采用循环伏安法(CV)对修饰碳糊电极进行电化学表征,在0.1 mol/L B-R缓冲溶液(pH4.5)中研究了鸟嘌呤在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,与裸碳糊电极相比,以掺杂法制备的镍纳米粒子修饰电极能够明显降低鸟嘌呤的过电位,增大其氧化电流,很好地催化氧化鸟嘌呤。在优化的实验条件下,鸟嘌呤在该修饰电极上的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-5~5.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(3σ)为7.5×10-6mol/L。     

碳量子点/聚中性红修饰电极同时检测鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤

制备了碳量子点/聚中性红膜修饰电极。采用了透射电子显微镜和荧光光谱对制备的碳量子点进行表征。利用循环伏安法、示差脉冲伏安法考察了鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤在修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,该修饰电极对鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的氧化具有明显的电催化作用。在最佳条件下,鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的示差脉冲伏安响应和其浓度分别在1.0×10~(-6)~2.0×10~(-4)mol/L和5.0×10~(-6)~2.0×10~(-4)mol/L范围中呈良好的线性关系,检测限分别为3.0×10~(-7)mol/L和4.8×10~(-7)mol/L(S/N=3)。该修饰电极能够用于复杂样品中鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的检测及实际样品分析。     

鸟嘌呤在聚L-甲硫氨酸/石墨烯修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了聚L-甲硫氨酸/石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极,该电极在0.1 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(p H 7.0)中对鸟嘌呤的氧化具有明显的电催化作用。采用循环伏安法(CV)考察了p H值、扫描速率对鸟嘌呤电化学行为的影响。利用示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)对鸟嘌呤进行测定,结果表明在3.6×10-7~4.0×10-5mol/L浓度范围内鸟嘌呤的氧化峰电流与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.990 4,检出限(S/N=3)为5.0×10-8mol/L。该修饰电极还具有较好的稳定性和重现性。     

多巴胺在电沉积石墨烯修饰碳分子线电极上的电化学测定

以分子线二苯乙炔为修饰剂和粘合剂制备了一种新型的碳糊电极-碳分子线电极(CMWE),并以其为基底电极采用电化学还原法将石墨烯(GR)沉积到CMWE表面得到电沉积石墨烯修饰碳分子线电极(GR/CMWE)。考察了多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果显示DA在GR/CMWE上出现了1对峰形良好的氧化还原峰,与裸电极相比,该氧化还原峰的电流增大,峰电位差减小,表明修饰电极对DA的电化学反应有催化作用。在最佳实验条件下峰电流与DA浓度在8.0×10-7~2.0×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(3σ)为2.55×10-7mol/L。将该电极用于多巴胺注射液样品的检测,结果满意。     

Nafion-离子液体-修饰碳糊电极在抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下选择性测定多巴胺

用Nafion和亲水性离子液体溴化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([OMIM]Br)作修饰剂制作了Nafion-离子液体-修饰碳糊电极;在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.40)中,用循环伏安法(CV)和方波伏安法(SWV)研究了多巴胺在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下选择性测定多巴胺的新方法.研究表明,该修饰电极降低了多巴胺氧化、还原反应的过电位,增大了其氧化、还原反应的峰电流,而抗坏血酸和尿酸在该修饰电极上无响应;在方波伏安曲线上,多巴胺的氧化电流与其浓度在3.0×10-8～2.0×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-8 mol/L.该法可用于注射液和模拟生物样品中多巴胺的测定.     

石墨烯/十二烷基硫酸钠复合物修饰碳糊电极测定氯霉素

以液体石蜡和硅油为混合粘合剂,与石墨粉混合制备了碳糊电极基底电极,将石墨烯/十二烷基硫酸钠复合物修饰在基底碳糊电极上,得到了基于石墨烯复合物的新型修饰碳糊电极。应用扫描电镜和循环伏安法分别研究了该电极的表面特性和电化学性质,结果表明,石墨烯和十二烷基硫酸钠修饰的碳糊电极增大了比表面积,有利于电子传递。在pH 3.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,该修饰碳糊电极对氯霉素具有良好的电化学响应,氧化峰电位为0.194 V,氧化峰电流是基底碳糊电极的10倍。在最优实验条件下,该氧化峰电流与氯霉素的浓度在1.0×10~(-8)~5.0×10~(-4)mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5.0×10~(-9)mol/L。该方法简便,重现性及选择性好,用于测定氯霉素滴眼液和虾中氯霉素残留,结果满意。     

基于石墨烯修饰电极测定蔬菜中残余对硫磷的研究

制备了石墨烯薄膜修饰玻碳电极,并通过循环伏安法研究了对硫磷(PT)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。对支持电解质、溶液pH值等实验条件进行了优化。结果表明,在0.1mol/L的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液(pH=5.0)中,PT在石墨烯薄膜修饰电极上具有良好的电化学响应,对比裸玻碳电极,PT的氧化峰峰电流显著提高,表明修饰膜对PT的电化学氧化具有一定的催化作用。PT的氧化峰电流及其浓度分别在1.0×10-7~1.0×10-6 mol/L范围内和3.0×10-6~1.0×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数分别是0.9956和0.9874,检出限为1.0×10-8 mol/L。将该修饰电极应用于小白菜中残留PT的测量,结果比较满意。     

电化学沉积纳米金和石墨烯修饰离子液体碳糊电极检测芦丁的研究

以六氟磷酸正己基吡啶为粘合剂和修饰剂,制备了离子液体修饰碳糊电极(CILE)。用电化学方法依次将纳米金和石墨烯(GR)电沉积在CILE表面制备了相应的修饰电极(GR/Au/CILE)。电极表面纳米金和GR的存在极大地提高了电极的电化学性能。进一步用循环伏安法、示差脉冲伏安法和计时库仑法等电化学方法研究了芦丁在GR/Au/CILE上的电化学行为,求解了相关的电化学参数。在最佳实验条件下,芦丁的氧化峰电流与其浓度在8.0×10"8～8.0×10"5mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为2.55×10"8mol/L(3σ)。将本方法应用于复方芦丁片样品的测定,结果令人满意。     

谷胱甘肽在多壁碳纳米管-离子液体修饰碳糊电极上的间接电化学测定

制备了多壁碳纳米管-离子液体修饰碳糊电极(MWCNTs-ILs/CPE),并以对乙酰氨基酚(PA)为电催化媒介,研究了谷胱甘肽(GSH)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,GSH能明显增强PA在MWCNTs-ILs/CPE上的电化学响应,且示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)的氧化峰电流与其浓度在7.50×10-7~1.00×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检测限(S/N=3)为1.65×10-7 mol/L。该方法简单、快速、灵敏,用于含GSH药物的测定,加标回收率为99.5%~101.8%。     

PB/Au/CILE的制备与应用

混合离子液体(N-丁基吡啶六氟磷酸盐,[BuPy][PF6])与石墨粉,制备了离子液体碳糊电极(CILE),再采用电沉积法制得PB/Au/CILE修饰电极,研究了该修饰电极的电化学行为及其对H2O2的电催化,建立了H2O2的计时安培测定新方法。结果表明:在该修饰电极上PB产生了一对准可逆的氧化还原峰,并对H2O2表现出良好电催化作用,安培法测定H2O2的线性范围为5.0×10-6～1.55×10-4mol/L,检出限为1.0×10-6mol/L(S/N=3)。连续10次测定5.0×10-6mol/L H2O2峰电流的RSD为2.1%。     

三磷酸腺苷在TiO2掺杂碳纳米纤维修饰电极上的电化学行为

采用循环伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法研究了三磷酸腺苷(ATP)在TiO2掺杂碳纳米纤维(TiO2@CNF)修饰的碳离子液体电极表面(TiO2@CNF/CILE)的电化学行为。结果表明,ATP在TiO2@CNF/CILE表面有一个明显的氧化峰,在pH 3.0的Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲溶液中修饰电极对ATP具有显著的电催化作用。纤维状的TiO2@CNF能够有效促进电子转移,增加电化学信号。当ATP浓度分别在4.0×10^-9~2.0×10^-6mol/L和2.0×10^-6~1.0×10^-4mol/L范围时,氧化峰电流与ATP浓度呈良好的线性关系,检测限为1.4 nmol/L。修饰电极可用于注射液中ATP的测定。     

Application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified carbon ionic liquid electrode for electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine

A simple, sensitive, and reliable method based on a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) modified carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) has been successfully developed for determination of dopamine (DA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). The acid-treated MWNTs with carboxylic acid functional groups could promote the electron-transfer reaction of DA and inhibit the voltammetric response of AA. Due to the good performance of the ionic liquid, the electrochemical response of DA on the MWNTs/CILE was better than that of other MWNTs modified electrodes. Under the optimum conditions a linear calibration plot was obtained in the range 5.0×10(-8) to 2.0×10(-4) mol L(-1) and the detection limit was 1.0×10(-8) mol L(-1).     

Ionic liquid-functionalized graphene as modifier for electrochemical and electrocatalytic improvement: comparison of different carbon electrodes

Electrochemical activities of typically electrochemical targets at three kinds of modified carbon electrodes, i.e. carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE), graphene/carbon paste electrode (CPE), and ionic liquid-functionalized graphene (IL-graphene)/CPE, were compared in detail. The redox processes of the probes at IL-graphene/CPE were faster than those at CILE and graphene/CPE from cyclic voltammetry. An electrochemical method for the simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine was described with detection limits of 6.5 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ (guanine) and 3.2 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ (adenine). Single A → G mutation of sequence-specific DNA could be discriminated by the IL-graphene/CPE.     

Direct electrocatalvtic reduction of p-nitrophenol at room temperature ionic 1iquid modified electrode

Direct electrochemical reduction of p-nitrophenol(PNP)was investigated on a room temperature ionic liquid N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate(BPPF6)modified carbon paste electrode(CILE).The cathodic peak potential was positively shifted and the peak currents were increased compared to that obtained on traditional carbon paste electrode(CPE).The results indicated that the presence of ionic liquid BPPF6 on the electrode surface showed excellent catalytic ability to the electrochemical reduction of PNP.The electrochemical behaviors of PNP on the CILE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and the conditions such as the scan rate,the buffer pH,the substrate concentration were optimized.The electrochemical parameters were further calculated with the results of the electron transfer number(n),the charge-transfer coefficient(α)and the surface concentration(ΓΥ)as 1.76,0.37 and 2.47×10-9 mol/cm2,respectively,for the selected reducfive peak.The results indicated that PNP showed all irreversible adsorption-controlled electrode process on the CILE.     

Electrochemistry and Voltammetric Determination of Adenosine with N‐Hexylpyridinium Hexafluorophosphate Modified Electrode

An ionic liquid N‐hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate (HPPF₆) modified carbon paste electrode was fabricated for the sensitive voltammetric determination of adenosine in this paper. Carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) was prepared by mixing graphite powder and HPPF₆ together and the CILE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical methods. The electrochemical behaviors of adenosine on the CILE were studied carefully. Compared with the traditional carbon paste electrode (CPE), a small negative shift of the oxidation peak potential appeared with greatly increase of the oxidation peak current, which indicated the presence of ionic liquid in the carbon paste not only as the binder but also as the modifier and promoter. Under the optimal conditions the oxidation peak current increased with the adenosine concentration in the range from 1.0×10^?6 mol/L to 1.4×10^?4 mol/L with the detection limit of 9.1×10^?7 mol/L (S/N=3) by differential pulse voltammetry. The proposed method was applied to the human urine samples detection with satisfactory results.     

A sensitive electrochemical sensor for detection of rutin based on a gold nanocage‐modified electrode

In this article, an electrochemical sensor based on a gold nanocage (AuNC)‐modified carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) was fabricated and applied to the sensitive rutin determination. The presence of AuNCs on the electrode surface greatly improved the electrochemical performance of the working electrode due to its specific microstructure and high metal conductivity. Electrochemical behavior of rutin on AuNCs/CILE was studied using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry with the related electrochemical parameters calculated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the oxidation peak current of rutin and its concentration had good linear relationship in the range from 4.0 × 10^?9 to 7.0 × 10^?4 mol/L with a low detection limit of 1.33 × 10^?9 mol/L (3σ). This fabricated AuNCs/CILE was applied to direct detection of the rutin concentration in drug samples with satisfactory results, showing the real application of AuNCs in the field of chemically modified electrodes.     

新型普鲁士蓝纳米方块-离子液体复合纳米界面协同检测鸟嘌呤

本文利用离子液体(IL)和普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米方块的协同作用测定鸟嘌呤。首先制备了IL-PB修饰电极,用循环伏安法对修饰电极进行了表征。为了使PB自身的信号达到最大,优化了各种制备条件,如IL和PB的比例,KCl溶液和HCl的浓度等。使用制备的修饰电极催化鸟嘌呤,优化了鸟嘌呤的测定条件如B-R缓冲溶液pH值;疏水性离子液体和亲水性离子液体对鸟嘌呤的影响,结果表明疏水性离子液体催化效果更好。该法在最优化条件下检测鸟嘌呤,在4.0×10-7～1.4×10-6 mol/L范围内与氧化峰电流呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为6.0×10-8 mol/L。     

离子液体BMIMPF6修饰碳糊电极电化学测定维生素E

用疏水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸([BMIM]PF6)作粘合剂制备了离子液体修饰碳糊电极(IL/CPE)。采用循环伏安法(CV)研究了维生素E(vitamin E,VE)的氧化产物生育酚红在IL/CPE和未修饰碳糊电极(CPE)上的电化学行为,结果表明生育酚红在IL/CPE上氧化过程更易于进行,峰电流响应ip也明显增加,表明IL/CPE对生育酚红的氧化还原反应具有良好的电催化作用。同时测定了电极过程的动力学参数:电荷转移系数α=0.8746,扩散系数D=1.65×10-3cm2/s,电极反应速率常数kf=6.64×10-2cm/s。采用方波伏安法(SWV)发现生育酚红氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.53×10-4mol/L～8.39×10-7mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.58×10-8mol/L。该法可用于VE实际样品的分析测定。     

Fabrication and Electrochemical Behavior of Hemoglobin Modified Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode

A new hemoglobin (Hb) and room temperature ionic liquid modified carbon paste electrode was constructed by mixing Hb with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF₆) and graphite powder together. The Hb modified carbon ionic liquid electrode (Hb‐CILE) was further characterized by FT‐IR spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Hb in the carbon ionic liquid electrode remained its natural structure and showed good direct electrochemical behaviors. A pair of well‐defined quasireversible redox peaks appeared with the apparent standard potential (E′) as ?0.334 (vs. SCE) in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The electrochemical parameters such as the electron transfer number (n), the electron transfer coefficient (α) and the heterogeneous electron transfer kinetic constant (k_s) of the electrode reaction were calculated with the results as 1.2, 0.465 and 0.434 s^?1, respectively. The fabricated Hb‐CILE exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of H₂O₂. The calibration range for H₂O₂ quantitation was between 8.0×10^?6 mol/L and 2.8×10^?4 mol/L with the linear regression equation as I_ss (μA)=0.12 C (μmol/L)+0.73 (n=18, γ=0.997) and the detection limit as 1.0×10^?6 mol/L (3σ). The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (K_M^app) of Hb in the modified electrode was estimated to be 1.103 mmol/L. The surface of this electrochemical sensor can be renewed by a simple polishing step and showed good reproducibility.