铁掺杂浓度对Ba0.5Sr0.5CoxFe1-xO3-δ混合导体膜性质的影响

用湿化学法合成了Ba0.5Sr0.5CoxFe1-xO3-δ系列混合导体透氧膜材料,并用XRD,O2-TPD,H2-TPR和透氧测定等手段考察了铁离子掺杂浓度对导体膜相结构及其稳定性、氧脱附性能和透氧能力等的影响.在氧浓度为2.13×104～0.1 Pa的范围内,x=0.2～0.8时材料保持为立方钙钛矿结构.铁含量的增加有利于材料钙钛矿结构在低温的稳定化,并提高了材料的热化学稳定性.然而,导体膜的透氧量却随着铁含量的增加而减小.这可能是由于导体膜表面的氧交换动力学过程在透氧速率控制步骤中的分量随铁含量的增加而变大之故.     

铁掺杂浓度对Bao.5Sr0.5CoxFe1-xO3-δ混合导体膜性质的影响

用湿化学法合成了Ba0.5Sr0.5CoxFe1-xO3-δ系列混合导体透氧膜材料,并用XRD,O2-TPD,H2-TPR和透氧测定等手段考察了铁离子掺杂浓度对导体膜相结构及其稳定性、氧脱附性能和透氧能力等的影响.在氧浓度为2.13×104～0.1 Pa的范围内,x=0.2～0.8时材料保持为立方钙钛矿结构.铁含量的增加有利于材料钙钛矿结构在低温的稳定化,并提高了材料的热化学稳定性.然而,导体膜的透氧量却随着铁含量的增加而减小.这可能是由于导体膜表面的氧交换动力学过程在透氧速率控制步骤中的分量随铁含量的增加而变大之故.     

Zr掺杂对La(Ba)Zr_xCo_(1-x)O_(3-δ)钙钛矿催化N_2O分解性能的影响(英文)

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Zr掺杂的钴基钙钛矿La(Ba)ZrxCo1-xO3-δ,并将其用于航天推进剂领域的高浓度N2O催化分解反应.发现Zr的引入明显提高了钙钛矿La(Ba)ZrxCo1-xO3-δ的催化活性,尤其是当Zr掺杂量分别为0.05和0.2时,LaZrxCo1-xO3-δ和BaZrxCo1-xO3-δ催化剂性能较为优异.应用N2物理吸附、X射线衍射、H2程序升温还原、O2程序升温脱附和氧脉冲吸附技术表征了Zr掺杂对La(Ba)ZrxCo1-xO3-δ催化剂的物化性质的影响.结果表明,Zr掺杂增大了钴基钙钛矿的比表面积,改善了晶格结构,从而提高了钴物种的还原及氧吸附脱附能力,因而催化剂上N2O分解活性增加.     

Zr掺杂对La（Ba）ZrxCo1-xO3-δ钙钛矿催化N2O分解性能的影响（英文）

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Zr掺杂的钴基钙钛矿La(Ba)ZrxCo1-xO3-δ,并将其用于航天推进剂领域的高浓度N2O催化分解反应.发现Zr的引入明显提高了钙钛矿La(Ba)ZrxCo1-xO3-δ的催化活性,尤其是当Zr掺杂量分别为0.05和0.2时,LaZrxCo1-xO3-δ和BaZrxCo1-xO3-δ催化剂性能较为优异.应用N2物理吸附、X射线衍射、H2程序升温还原、O2程序升温脱附和氧脉冲吸附技术表征了Zr掺杂对La(Ba)ZrxCo1-xO3-δ催化剂的物化性质的影响.结果表明,Zr掺杂增大了钴基钙钛矿的比表面积,改善了晶格结构,从而提高了钴物种的还原及氧吸附脱附能力,因而催化剂上N2O分解活性增加.     

多层膜结构BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ的制备及其在常压合成氨中的应用

用干压法制备了Ni-BaCe0.9Nd01O3-δ多孔金属陶瓷阳极,并在阳极基膜上制备出致密的BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ固体电解质薄膜.薄膜的厚度约为40 μm,致密均匀.测定了多层膜结构BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ在干燥氮气/湿润氢气气氛中的电导率,结果表明其电导率要比厚膜BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ和SrCe0.95Y0.05O3-δ(SCY)要高.将多层膜材料用于固态质子传导电池中,在常压下以氮气和氢气为原料合成了氨气.结果表明,与SCY固体电解质比较,氨的产率提高了一个数量级以上.     

铁掺杂浓度对Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_xFe(1-x)O(3-δ)混合导体膜性质的影响

用湿化学法合成了Ba0 .5Sr0 .5CoxFe1 xO3 δ系列混合导体透氧膜材料 ,并用XRD ,O2 TPD ,H2 TPR和透氧测定等手段考察了铁离子掺杂浓度对导体膜相结构及其稳定性、氧脱附性能和透氧能力等的影响 .在氧浓度为 2 .13× 10 4 ～ 0 .1Pa的范围内 ,x =0 .2～ 0 .8时材料保持为立方钙钛矿结构 .铁含量的增加有利于材料钙钛矿结构在低温的稳定化 ,并提高了材料的热化学稳定性 .然而 ,导体膜的透氧量却随着铁含量的增加而减小 .这可能是由于导体膜表面的氧交换动力学过程在透氧速率控制步骤中的分量随铁含量的增加而变大之故     

La1-xSrxCoO3-δ体系中缺陷形成与输运过程研究

利用碘滴定法测定了钙钛矿型复合氧化物La1-xSrxCoO3-δ系列样品中金属元素的平均价态及氧的非化学计量值。实验发现:La1-xSrxCoO3-δ样品中的Co元素的平均价态随Sr掺杂量x的增加先增后减,室温下,在x=0.5时取最大值,温度升高,最大值移至x=0.4处。实验还发现,样品的电导率和330 K时的内耗峰峰高随Sr掺杂量x的变化也有类似极值,且极值点也分别出现在0.4和0.5左右,表明复合氧化物La1-xSrxCoO3-δ中的电子传导是通过极化子进行的。对于同一Sr掺杂量的样品,Co元素平均价态随温度的增加而减小。     

Ba0.9Sr0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α陶瓷的离子导电性

用高温固相反应法制备了质子导电性陶瓷Ba0.9Sr0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α。用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对该陶瓷材料进行了表征;用交流阻抗谱技术和气体浓差电池方法研究了材料在500~900℃温度范围内、不同气体气氛中的离子导电性,并与BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-α和Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α材料的导电性进行了比较。结果表明,该陶瓷材料为单一钙钛矿型BaCeO3斜方晶结构,具有良好的致密性,在高温下、CO2或水蒸气气氛中具有较高的稳定性。在湿润氢气气氛中、500~800℃温度范围内,材料的质子迁移数为1,是一个纯的质子导体;在900℃下,质子迁移数为0.964,是一个质子与电子的混合导体,质子迁移数高于BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-α(在700~900℃温度范围内,质子迁移数为0.95)。在湿润空气气氛中,材料的质子迁移数为0.019~0.032,氧离子迁移数为0.093~0.209,是一个质子、氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体,总电导率高于Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α。在氢-空气燃料电池条件下,材料的离子迁移数为0.957~0.903,是一个质子、氧离子和电子的混合导体,离子电导率高于Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α。     

铈酸钡和钇掺杂的铈酸钡复合氧化物的制备及其在钌基氨合成催化剂中的应用

 采用柠檬酸法合成了 BaCeO3 和掺杂 Y3+的 BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-δ 复合氧化物, 以 Ru3(CO)12 为前体, 利用浸渍法制备了 Ru/BaCeO3 和 Ru/BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-δ 催化剂. 通过 X 射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜技术对样品进行了表征, 并在固定床反应器中考察了催化剂的氨合成反应活性. 结果表明, 载体 BaCeO3 的稳定性优于 BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-δ, 但 Ru/BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-δ 催化剂的氨合成活性明显高于 Ru/BaCeO3, 在 3.0 MPa, 15 000 h1, 425 oC 反应时, Ru/BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-δ 催化剂上氨合成反应速率达到 432.5 ml/(g•h), 是 Ru/BaCeO3 催化剂的 1.6 倍. 这种活性和稳定性的显著差异来自载体中 Ce4+ 与 Ru 纳米粒子间的电子作用.     

SrFe_(0.6)Cu_(0.3)Ti_(0.1)O_(3-δ)混合导体透氧材料的稳定性

利用柠檬酸络合法制备了SrFe(Cu,Ti)O_(3-δ)混合导体透氧材料. 采用XRD、O_2-TPD、H_2-TPR、SEM等测试技术考察了材料的稳定性. 结果表明,SrFe_(0.7)Cu_(0.3)O_(3-δ)在低氧压下会发生相分解,产生SrCuO__2杂相,而掺杂Ti后的SrFe_(0.6)Cu_(0.3)Ti_(0.1)O_(3-δ)在低氧压下保持单一的钙钛矿结构. H_2-TPR和O_2-TPD的测试表明,Ti~(4+)的掺杂提高了材料的氧脱附起始温度和其它金属离子的还原温度. SrFe_(0.6)Cu_(0.3)Ti_(0.1)O_(3-δ)膜在透氧过程中,会有Cu~(2+)和Sr~(2+)从钙钛矿结构中析出,在原晶粒边界形成新的小晶粒,但这种轻微的组分偏析没有影响到材料的透氧量,此透氧膜在66 h的操作过程中显示了良好的稳定性.     

Synthesis, structure, chemical stability, and electrical properties of Nb-, Zr-, and Nb-codoped BaCeO3 perovskites

We report the effect of donor-doped perovskite-type BaCeO(3) on the chemical stability in CO(2) and boiling H(2)O and electrical transport properties in various gas atmospheres that include ambient air, N(2), H(2), and wet and dry H(2). Formation of perovskite-like BaCe(1-x)Nb(x)O(3±δ) and BaCe(0.9-x)Zr(x)Nb(0.1)O(3±δ) (x = 0.1; 0.2) was confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron diffraction (ED). The lattice constant was found to decrease with increasing Nb in BaCe(1-x)Nb(x)O(3±δ), which is consistent with Shannon's ionic radius trend. Like BaCeO(3), BaCe(1-x)Nb(x)O(3±δ) was found to be chemically unstable in 50% CO(2) at 700 °C, while Zr doping for Ce improves the structural stability of BaCe(1-x)Nb(x)O(3±δ). AC impedance spectroscopy was used to estimate electrical conductivity, and it was found to vary with the atmospheric conditions and showed mixed ionic and electronic conduction in H(2)-containing atmosphere. Arrhenius-like behavior was observed for BaCe(0.9-x)Zr(x)Nb(0.1)O(3±δ) at 400-700 °C, while Zr-free BaCe(1-x)Nb(x)O(3±δ) exhibits non-Arrhenius behavior at the same temperature range. Among the perovskite-type oxides investigated in the present work, BaCe(0.8)Zr(0.1)Nb(0.1)O(3±δ) showed the highest bulk electrical conductivity of 1.3 × 10(-3) S cm(-1) in wet H(2) at 500 °C, which is comparable to CO(2) and H(2)O unstable high-temperature Y-doped BaCeO(3) proton conductors.     

BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α固体电解质的离子导电性

用交流复阴抗谱法测定了混合离子(质子+氧离子)导电性固体电解质BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α在600～1000℃下不同气氛(干燥空气、湿润空气及湿润氢气)中的电导率;通过测定总电导率(离子电导率+电子电导率)随气氛中氧分压po2变化,求得离子电导率和离子迁移数;用氢浓差电池方法测得氢气中的质子迁移数。结果表明,BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α固体电解质在氧分压<10Pa的气氛(如氢气)中几乎为纯离子导体,而在氧分压为10～10^5Pa的气氛(如空气)中为离子和电子空穴混合导体;样品在各气氛中的离子电导率均高于10^-2S·cm^-1。     

Mixed conductivity, nonstoichiometric oxygen, and oxygen permeation properties in Co-Doped Sr3Ti2O(7-δ)

Electrical conductivity and oxygen permeation rates in Co-doped Sr(3)Ti(2)O(7-δ) with Ruddesden-Popper type structures were investigated. The effects of metal dopants (M) in the Ti site of Sr(3)Ti(2)(M)O(7-δ) on the mixed conductivity were also studied. Doping of Sr(3)Ti(2)O(7-δ) with Co was found to be effective for improving the electrical conductivity as well as the oxygen permeation rate, which could be assigned to the increased oxygen vacancy concentration by doping Co(3+) into Ti(4+) sites. The nonstoichiometric oxygen of these oxides was measured by using a thermal gravimetric method. The creation of oxygen vacancies, which is compensated with Co(3+) doping, leads to higher oxide ion conductivity. The oxygen permeation rate monotonously increased with increasing amounts of Co in the Ti site. Sr(3)Ti(0.8)Co(1.2)O(7-δ) exhibited high oxide ion conductivity and a large oxygen permeation rate. The highest oxygen permeation rate achieved a value of 2.02 cc min(-1) cm(-2) at 1273 K for Sr(3)Ti(0.8)Co(1.2)O(7-δ). Neutron diffraction analysis and redox titration suggests that the oxygen diffusion occurs through oxygen vacancies in the perovskite block, but not through excess oxygen in the rock salt block.     

Effect of dopant valence on the oxygen desorption and oxygen permeability of SrCo0.4Fe0.5M0.1O3-δ》(M=Ni, A1 and Zr) mixed-conducting oxides

The effect of dopant valence on oxygen desorption and oxygen permeability of SrCo0.4Fe<0.5>M0.1O3-δ(M=Ni, Al and Zr) mixed-conducting oxides were investigated in detail by O2-TPD and oxygen permeation measurement. The SrCo0.4Fe0.5M0.1O3-δ for M=Fe, Ni, AI and Zr were denoted as SCF, SCFN, SCFA and SCFZ, respectively. O2-TPD analysis revealed that the amount of α oxygen desorption decreased with increasing the valance of doped metal elements (SCFN>SCFA≈SCF>SCFZ). The oxygen permeation flux at the temperature higher than 1148 K decreased in the order of SCFN>SCF>SCFZ>SCFA. Single activation for oxygen permeation was observed for SCFZ oxide and the activation energies of SCF and SCFA change at around 1073K, while the change temperature of SCFN was about 1173K.     

An X-ray absorption spectroscopic study on mixed conductive La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O(3-δ) cathodes. I. Electrical conductivity and electronic structure

The electrical conduction mechanism of mixed conductive perovskite oxides, La(0.6)Sr(0.4)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ), for cathode materials of solid oxide fuel cells has been investigated from electronic structural changes during oxygen vacancy formation. La(0.6)Sr(0.4)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) was annealed under various oxygen partial pressures p(O(2))s at 1073 K and quenched. Iodometric titration indicated that the oxygen nonstoichiometry of La(0.6)Sr(0.4)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) depended on the annealing p(O(2)), with more oxygen vacancies introduced at lower than at higher p(O(2))s. X-Ray absorption spectroscopic measurements were performed at the O K-, Co L-, Fe L-, Co K-, and Fe K-edges. The valence states of the Co and Fe ions were investigated by the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) at the Co and Fe L(III)-edges. While the Fe average valence was almost constant, the valence of the Co ions decreased with oxygen vacancy introduction. The O K-edge XANES spectra indicated that electrons were injected into the Co 3d/O 2p hybridization state with oxygen vacancy introduction. Both absorption edges at the Co and Fe K-edge XANES shifted towards lower energies with oxygen vacancy introduction. The shift at the Co K-edge resulted from the decrease in the Co average valence and that at the Fe K-edge appeared to be caused by changes in the coordination environment around the Fe ions. The total conductivity of La(0.6)Sr(0.4)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) decreased with decreasing p(O(2)), due to a decreasing hole concentration.     

Preparation and oxygen permeation properties of SrFe（Cu）O3-δ dense ceramic membranes

Mixed oxygen-ionic and electronic conducting membranes of SrFe(Cu)O3−δ were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, oxygen nonstoichiometry, and phase stability of the materials were studied by TGA and XRD. Oxygen permeation fluxes through these membranes were studied at operating temperature ranging from 750 to 950 ℃. Results showed that doping Cu in SrFeO3−δ compound had a significant effect on the formation of single-phased perovskite structure. For SrFe1−xCuxO3−δ series materials, the oxygen nonstoichiometry and the oxygen permeation flux increased considerably with the increase of Cu-doping content (x = 0.1–0.3). The sintering property of the membrane decreased significantly when the Cu substitution amount reached 40%. SrFe0.7Cu0.3O3−δ showed high oxygen permeation flux, but SrCuO2 and Sr2Fe2O5 phases formed in the compound after oxygen permeation test induced cracks in the membrane.     

芳炔烯基化制烯基芳香化合物用硫酸化的介孔镧锆固体超强酸催化剂的织构和酸性质调控研究

烯基芳香化合物作为重要的精细化学品及中间体在医药、染料、农药、香料、新型高分子材料、天然产品等化学工业领域占据显著地位.芳香化合物与烯基化合物进行反应是该化合物的经典合成方法,但其存在诸多缺陷：(1)芳环需要预活化,如卤代、三氟甲磺酸取代等;(2)产生氢卤酸和无机盐废物,污染环境;(3)原子经济性差.如何高效绿色合成烯基芳香化合物已引起国际学术界的极大兴趣.近年来发现的芳香化合物与炔的烯基化,亦称炔的氢芳化,被认为是颇具应用前景的简单、清洁、原子经济的烯基芳香化合物合成新路线.与烯基芳香化合物的经典合成路线相比,经由芳香化合物与炔的烯基化来合成该目标化合物具有如下优点：(1)芳环无需预活化;(2)不产生氢卤酸和无机盐,合成过程环境友好;(3)原子经济性好(100%).因此,采用芳香化合物与炔的烯基化路线来合成烯基芳香化合物得到了国际学术界的广泛关注.芳香化合物与炔的烯基化反应主要经由两种路径：(1)活化芳环,形成σ-芳基金属络合物;(2)活化炔基,形成烯基阳离子.活化芳环烯基化催化剂的研究主要集中在贵金属盐、贵金属配合物或有机金属.采用贵金属或有机金属催化,活性高、选择性好,但存在价格高、多需昂贵配体、分离和催化剂回收困难、操作条件苛刻等问题,缺乏实用性.酸催化活化炔基是芳香化合物烯基化反应的另一途径.酸催化芳烃烷基化已得以广泛而深入地研究,并在化学工业中占据着突出的历史地位,但酸催化烯基化相关文献报道尚少.相对于酸催化的烷基化,烯基化面临更多挑战.尽管如此,成本低、实用性强的酸催化烯基化路线仍得到了国际学术界的极大关注.但是,仍存在腐蚀设备、污染环境、催化效率差、收率低、催化剂分离困难及炔聚合严重等不足之处.因此,开展清洁、高效、实用的新型烯基化固体酸催化剂的研究意义深远.微孔沸石分子筛克服了液体酸所固有的上述缺点,作为环境友好的固体酸催化剂在烷基化、酰基化等诸多反应中均得到了广泛应用,用于烯基化,存在底物适用范围窄、催化效率低、选择性差和炔聚合严重的问题.以介孔固体酸取代微孔沸石分子筛并结合催化剂微结构和酸性质调控,有望实现对反应底物和烯基化产品的扩散、炔的活化及芳烃与烯基阳离子之间的碰撞过程进行调控,从而解决现有固体酸催化该反应存在的问题.我们开展了芳烃与炔烃的付-克烯基化制烯基芳香化合物用硫酸化的介孔镧锆固体超强酸催化剂的织构和酸性质调控研究.通过介孔镧锆复合氧化物的制备过程参数,如模板剂和氨水的加入量、水热温度、水热时间的调节,来调控硫酸化的介孔镧锆固体超强酸催化剂的织构和酸性质,进而调控固体酸的烯基化催化性能.结果表明,介孔镧锆复合氧化物的制备过程参数对所制备的硫酸化的介孔镧锆固体超强酸催化剂的织构和酸性质影响显著,需要合适的模板剂和氨水的加入量、水热温度、水热时间,才能获得适宜的织构和酸性质.介孔镧锆复合氧化物的最佳制备条件为：模板剂与金属离子摩尔比0.18、氨水与金属离子摩尔比16、水热温度90oC、水热时间60 h.相对于研究组先前报道的硫酸化的介孔镧锆固体超强酸催化剂,经织构和酸性质调控优化的硫酸化的介孔镧锆固体超强酸催化剂的催化活性和稳定性均得以显著提升.采用本文所构筑的固体酸催化剂,用于不同芳香化合物的烯基化,也展示出了良好的催化性能.研究结果表明,具有适宜织构和酸性质的介孔固体酸用于芳香化合物与炔烃的烯基化,来制备烯基芳香化合物,具有很好的发展前景.     

固体电解质Ce_(0.9)Er_(0.1-x)Pr_xO_(1.95+δ)的微观结构及电性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了固体电解质Ce0.9Er0.1-xPrxO1.95+δ(x=0.02~0.08),利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和交流阻抗谱研究了样品的微观结构和电性能.XRD结果表明,800℃煅烧的所有样品均形成了单相立方萤石结构;Raman光谱结果表明,Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ具有氧缺位的立方萤石结构;XPS分析表明,Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ存在氧缺位,Pr3+离子和Pr4+离子共存;AFM观测结果表明,1300℃下烧结的样品比1400℃下烧结的样品致密;交流阻抗谱结果表明,Pr掺杂量x=0.05时,Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ的电导率最高(σ600℃=1.34×10-2S/cm,Ea=0.90 e V),比未掺杂Pr的Ce0.9Er0.1O1.95(σ600℃=8.81×10-3S/cm,Ea=0.92 e V)提高了52%,说明在Ce0.9Er0.1O1.95中适量掺杂Pr可提高材料的电导率,降低活化能.