超支化聚酰胺酯改性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微流控芯片的制备及其在生物分子分离检测中的应用

利用亲水性超支化聚酰胺酯通过化学键合的方法对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微流控芯片的表面进行改性。对改性后PMMA微流控芯片的表面进行了接触角的测定,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和体视显微镜观察了改性后芯片的表面形貌。结果表明,改性后的PMMA微流控芯片表面形成了一层均匀、致密、连续的亲水性涂层,芯片表面的亲水性得到了明显提高,接触角由未改性时的89.9°降低到29.5°。改性后芯片的电渗流较之改性前明显降低。利用芯片对腺苷和L-赖氨酸两种生物分子进行了分离检测。两种生物分子实现了完全分离,所得到的检测峰峰形尖锐,分离清晰。对腺苷和L-赖氨酸的分离柱效(理论塔板数)分别高达8.44×104 塔板/m和9.82×104 塔板/m,分离度(Rs)达到5.31,均远远高于未改性的芯片。改性后的芯片具有良好的分离时间重现性。本研究为提高PMMA微流控芯片的亲水性和应用范围提供了一种新的有效方法。     

流体驱动智能电动控制仪用于PMMA微流控芯片电渗流的测量

采用自制的流体驱动智能电动控制仪作为电渗驱动控制源,结合电流跟踪法测量聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)芯片的电渗流,讨论了PMMA形成电渗的机理,给出了PMMA芯片通道电场强度与电渗速度的关系曲线。     

毛细管电色谱研究的一些新进展

毛细管电色谱(Capillary electrochromatography,CEC)是一种新兴的以电渗流为驱动力的微柱分离分析新技术和新方法^[1].它主要依靠电渗流驱动流动相,流动相的流型为塞状平推流,具有与毛细管电泳(Capillary electrophoresis,CE)类似的高效性.     

通用型激光诱导荧光微流控芯片分析仪的研制与性能考察

设计和研制了一种通用型激光诱导荧光微流控芯片分析仪.检测部分按共聚焦检测原理设计,采用CCD(电荷耦合器件)监测通道,三维自动调节聚焦,发射波长滤光片可方便地更换以适应多种染料选择,能分别显示进样和分离通道2条电流-时间曲线.考察了该分析仪的检测灵敏度、检测极限和线性范围,显示了分析灵敏度高,检测限低和线性范围宽等特点,在自制注塑型PMMA塑料芯片上实现了φX174Haedi-gesT_dNA片段的分离测定和烟叶act基因PCR产物的分析     

Poly(methyl methacrylate)/soy protein green composites as gas barrier materials

Poly(methyl methacrylate)/soy protein(PMMA/SP) composites were prepared by emulsion polymerization method using potassium persulphate(KPS) as the radical initiator.The interaction of soy protein with PMMA was evidenced by Fourier transformed infrared(FT1R) spectroscopy.The structure of PMMA/SP composites was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) study and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The thermal properties of soy protein and PMMA/SP composites were compared with soy protein and virgin PMMA sample.PMMA/SP composites were found to be flame retardant materials from the measurement of limiting oxygen index(LOI) of samples.The oxygen permeability of PMMA/SP composites was substantially decreased as compared to virgin PMMA.     

聚二甲基硅氧烷微流控芯片的紫外光照射表面处理研究

研究了紫外光化学表面改性对聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)微流控芯片的片基间粘接力及毛细管通道电渗流性能的影响.PDMS片基经紫外光射照后,粘接力增强,可实现PDMS芯片的永久性封合,同时亲水性得到改善,通道中的电渗流增大.与文献报道的等离子体表面处理方法比较,采用紫外光表面处理,设备简单,操作方便,耗费少,是一种简单易行的聚二甲基硅氧烷芯片表面处理方法.     

以水作相分离造孔剂制备P(VDF-HFP)/PMMA聚合物电解质膜

介绍了一种以水代替常用的有机物质作为相分离造孔剂制备混合型聚合物电解质的新方法.所研究的混合型聚合物为聚(偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的混合物.扫描电镜SEM图表明这种混合型聚合物膜具有蜂窝状结构,有利于膜电导率的增加.利用FTIR,XRD和DSC等方法研究了混合型聚合物电解质中两种聚合物间的相互作用.用电化学交流阻抗方法测得在30℃下P(VDF-HFP)/PMMA摩尔比为1:1的混合型聚合物电解质的离子电导率为0.804×10^-3S/cm.对照其它方法,本方法具有制备容易、成本较低和有利于环境保护等优点.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微流控芯片分离DNA片段的初步研究

自从1995年Mathies^[1]首次将微流控芯片毛细管凝胶电泳用于基因测序研究以来,DNA片段的分离已成为微流控芯片应用的重要领域之一.最早应用于DNA分析的微流控芯片是玻璃芯片,聚合物微流控芯片以其品种多、成本低、易于加工,与玻璃芯片相比具有封接温度大大降低,微通道内电渗流显著减小等特点,已被成功应用于DNA片段的分离^[2,3].     

磺丁基醚-β-环糊精修饰毛细管电色谱拆分地平类药物对映体

采用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯原位聚合物基质, 将磺丁基醚-β-环糊精修饰到毛细管内壁, 制得了一种毛细管电色谱手性柱(SECDP), 并通过红外光谱(IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了其结构. 磺酸基可提供足够稳定的正向电渗流(EOF), 基于磺丁基醚-β-环糊精在固定相和流动相中的协同作用, 通过优化手性添加剂浓度、 pH值、 施加电压、 温度及有机调节剂含量等条件, 利用该开管电色谱柱拆分了氨氯地平、 尼莫地平和尼卡地平等10种地平类手性药物对映体. 优化的流动相组成为20 mmol/L NaH₂PO₄(pH=4.0), 含4.0 mmol/L 磺丁基醚-β-环糊精, 乙腈的体积分数为10%~25%, 施加电压15~25 kV, 温度为15 ℃, 电动进样2 kV×5 s, 检测波长为236 nm. 在上述条件下, 分离度(R_S)可达3.62, 柱效达61011块/m, 分析时间一般为6~15 min. 基于色谱分离数据, 探讨了相关的手性分离机理.     

利用Breath Figures法制备具有蜂窝状结构的 PMMA/TBT复合膜

以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和钛酸四丁酯(TBT)的氯仿溶液为铸膜溶液,采用Breath Figures法制备了蜂窝状结构的PMMA/TBT多孔阵列薄膜,采用SEM、JR、XRD对制备的多孔膜进行了表征,探讨了聚合物浓度、PMMA/TBT配比以及水解抑制剂对膜蜂窝状结构的影响.实验结果表明,起始溶液浓度为20～30m...     

Poly(methyl methacrylate) CE microchips replicated from poly(dimethylsiloxane) templates for the determination of cations

A novel method for the rapid fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic chips using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) templates has been demonstrated. The PDMS molds were fabricated by soft lithography. The dense prepolymerized solution of methyl methacrylate containing thermal and UV initiators was allowed to polymerized between a PDMS template and a piece of a 1 mm thick commercial PMMA plate under a UV lamp. The images of microchannels on the PDMS template were precisely replicated into the synthesized PMMA substrates during the UV-initiated polymerization of the prepolymerized solution on the surface of the PMMA plate at room temperature. The polymerization could be completed within 10 min under ambient temperature. The chips were subsequently assembled by thermal bonding of the channel plate and the cover sheet. The new fabrication method obviates the need for specialized replication equipment and reduces the complexity of prototyping and manufacturing. Nearly 20 PMMA chips were replicated using a single PDMS mold. The attractive performance of the new microfluidic chips has been demonstrated by separating and detecting cations in connection with contactless conductivity detection. The fabricated PMMA microchip has also been successfully employed for the determination of potassium and sodium in environmental and biological samples.     

Fabrication of thermoset polyester microfluidic devices and embossing masters using rapid prototyped polydimethylsiloxane molds

Plastics are increasingly being used for the fabrication of Lab-on-a-Chip devices due to the variety of beneficial material properties, affordable cost, and straightforward fabrication methods available from a range of different types of plastics. Rapid prototyping of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices has become a well-known process for the quick and easy fabrication of microfluidic devices in the research laboratory; however, PDMS is not always an appropriate material for every application. This paper describes the fabrication of thermoset polyester microfluidic devices and masters for hot embossing using replica molding techniques. Rapid prototyped PDMS molds are convienently used for the production of non-PDMS polymeric devices. The recessed features in the cast polyester can be bonded to a second polyester piece to form an enclosed microchannel. Thermoset polyester can withstand moderate amounts of pressure and elevated temperature; therefore, the cast polyester piece also can be used as a master for embossing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microfluidic systems. Examples of enclosed polyester and PMMA microchannels are presented, and we discuss the electroosmotic properties of both types of channels, which are important for analytical applications such as capillary electrophoresis.     

Micro fabrication of microlens arrays by micro dispensing

In this study, master of the microlens arrays is fabricated using micro dispensing technology, and then electroforming technology is employed to replicate the Ni mold insert of the microlens arrays. Finally, micro hot embossing is performed to replicate the molded microlens arrays from the Ni mold insert. The resin material is used as the dispensing material, which is dropped on a glass substrate. The resin is exposed to a 380 W halogen light. It becomes convex under surface tension on the glass substrate. A master for the microlens arrays is then obtained. A 150‐nm‐thick copper layer is sputtered on the master as an electrically conducting layer. The electroforming method replicates the Ni mold insert from the master of the microlens arrays. Finally, micro hot embossing is adopted to replicate the molded microlens arrays. The micro hot embossing experiment employs optical films of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC). The processing parameters of micro hot embossing are processing temperature, embossing pressure, embossing time, and de‐molding temperature. Taguchi's method is applied to optimize the processing parameters of micro hot embossing for molded microlens arrays. An optical microscope and a surface profiler are utilized to measure the surface profile of the master, the Ni mold insert and the molded microlens arrays. AFM is employed to measure the surface roughness of the master, the Ni mold insert and the molded microlens arrays. The sag height and focal length are determined to elucidate the optical characteristics of the molded microlens arrays. Copyright © 2009 John & Sons, Ltd.     

Fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic chips by redox-initiated polymerization

In this report, a method based on the redox-initiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) has been developed for the rapid fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic chips. MMA containing 2-2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile was allowed to prepolymerize in a water bath to form a viscous prepolymer solution that was subsequently mixed with MMA containing a redox-initiation couple of benzoyl peroxide/N,N-dimethylaniline. The dense molding solution was sandwiched between a silicon template and a piece of 1-mm-thick PMMA plate. The polymerization could complete within 50 min under ambient temperature. The images of raised microfluidic structures on the silicon template were precisely replicated into the synthesized PMMA substrate during the redox-initiated polymerization of the molding solution. The chips were subsequently assembled by the thermal bonding of the channel plates and the covers. The new fabrication approach obviates the need for special equipment and significantly simplifies the process of fabricating PMMA microdevices. The attractive performance of the novel PMMA microchips has been demonstrated in connection with contactless conductivity detection for the separation and detection of ionic species.     

Fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) capillary electrophoresis microchips by in situ surface polymerization

A novel method based on in situ surface polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) has been developed for the rapid fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) capillary electrophoresis (CE) microchips. MMA containing both thermal and ultraviolet (UV) initiators was allowed to prepolymerize in a water bath to form a fast curing molding solution that was subsequently sandwiched between a nickel template and a PMMA plate. The images of the raised microchannels on the nickel template were precisely replicated into the synthesized PMMA substrates during the UV-initiated polymerization of the molding solution within 30 min under ambient temperature. The attractive performances of the novel PMMA microchips have been demonstrated in connection with amperometric detection for the separation and detection of several model analytes. The new approach significantly simplifies the process for fabricating PMMA devices and could be applied to other materials that undergo light-initiated polymerization.     

Rapid prototyping of poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic systems using solvent imprinting and bonding

We have developed a method for rapid prototyping of hard polymer microfluidic systems using solvent imprinting and bonding. We investigated the applicability of patterned SU-8 photoresist on glass as an easily fabricated template for solvent imprinting. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) exposed to acetonitrile for 2 min then had an SU-8 template pressed into the surface for 10 min, which provided appropriately imprinted channels and a suitable surface for bonding. After a PMMA cover plate had also been exposed to acetonitrile for 2 min, the imprinted and top PMMA pieces could be bonded together at room temperature with appropriate pressure. The total fabrication time was less than 15 min. Under the optimized fabrication conditions, nearly 30 PMMA chips could be replicated using a single patterned SU-8 master with high chip-to-chip reproducibility. Relative standard deviations were 2.3% and 5.4% for the widths and depths of the replicated channels, respectively. Fluorescently labeled amino acid and peptide mixtures were baseline separated using these PMMA microchips in <15s. Theoretical plate numbers in excess of 5000 were obtained for a approximately 3 cm separation distance, and the migration time relative standard deviation for an amino acid peak was 1.5% for intra-day and 2.2% for inter-day analysis. This new solvent imprinting and bonding approach significantly simplifies the process for fabricating microfluidic structures in hard polymers such as PMMA.     

亚临界水条件下煤中汞的脱除

运用半连续反应装置对山西吴家坪煤中汞在亚临界水中的脱除规律进行了研究。考察了反应温度为290 ℃、320 ℃ 、350 ℃、 380 ℃，反应压力为5 MPa、10 MPa、15 MPa,萃取时间为10 min、30 min、60 min、100 min时对汞脱除率的影响。结果表明，在290 ℃～380 ℃，随着温度升高，汞脱除率明显增加；在5 MPa～15 MPa，压力越大，汞的脱除率也越大；在10 min～100 min，随着萃取时间的延长，汞脱除率增加；在380 ℃, 15 MPa, 1 h，汞的脱除率最大可达96％以上。     

Hot embossing of electrophoresis microchannels in PMMA substrates using electric heating wires

A simple method based on electric heating wires has been developed for the rapid fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) electrophoresis microchips in ordinary laboratories without the need for microfabrication facilities. A piece of stretched electric heating wire placed across the length of a PMMA plate along its midline was sandwiched between two microscope slides under pressure. Subsequently, alternating current was allowed to pass through the wire to generate heat to emboss a separation microchannel on the PMMA separation channel plate at room temperature. The injection channel was fabricated using the same procedure on a PMMA sheet that was perpendicular to the separation channel. The complete microchip was obtained by bonding the separation channel plate to the injection channel sheet, sealing the channels inside. The electric heating wires used in this work not only generated heat; they also served as templates for embossing the microchannels. The prepared microfluidic microchips have been successfully employed in the electrophoresis separation and detection of ions in connection with contactless conductivity detection.     

聚合酶链式反应微流控芯片的准分子激光制备和应用研究

摘要采用价格便宜的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)代替价格昂贵的硅或玻璃作为聚合酶链式反应(PCR)微流控芯片的基片材料,采用柔性大且自动化程度高的准分子激光微加工方法代替加工工艺复杂的光刻化学腐蚀方法,在19 kV和18 mm/min的优化加工参数下,在48 mm×67 mm×1 mm的PMMA基片上制备出20个循环的PCR微流控芯片. 芯片微通道横截面呈梯形,底面光滑. 微通道宽104 μm,深56 μm,长2 060 mm,加工耗时约110 min. 该芯片和相同尺寸的盖片在160 N和105 ℃条件下通过热压经20 min键合在一起,键合强度为0.85 MPa. 键合后的芯片和温控系统集成在一起,采用比例积分微分(PID)方法得到的控温精度为±0.2 ℃,采用红外热像仪得到的相邻温区间的温度梯度分别为16.5和22.2 ℃,最后利用该芯片在对170 bp的DNA片段实现了体外扩增.     

Low temperature bonding of poly(methylmethacrylate) electrophoresis microchips by in situ polymerisation

A novel method for bonding poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) electrophoresis microchips at the temperature below the glass transition temperature of PMMA based on in situ polymerization has been demonstrated. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) containing initiators was allowed to prepolymerize in an 85 degrees C water bath for 8 min and 15 min to produce a bonding solution and a dense molding solution, respectively. The channel plate of the PMMA microchip was fabricated by the UV-initiated polymerization of the molding solution between a nickel template and a PMMA plate at room temperature. Prior to bonding, the blank cover was coated with a thin layer of the bonding solution and was bonded to the channel plate at 95 degrees C for 20 min under the pressure of binder clips. The attractive performance of the PMMA chips bonded by the new approach has been demonstrated by separating and detecting dopamine, catechol, three cations, and three organic acids in connection with end-column amperometric detection and contactless conductivity detection.