钛和锆的添加对MgNi型合金电极电化学性能的影响

用机械球磨法（MA）成功合成了镁基储氢合金MgNi, Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni和Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1。研究了其结构和电化学性能。X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）结果表明合金为非晶结构，并有少量的Ni衍射峰存在。充放电测试结果表明这一系列合金具有很好的电化学活性。Ti和Co的替代使合金的循环稳定性好于MgNi合金。50周充放电循环后，Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1合金的放电容量明显好于MgNi合金，Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1的放电容量比MgNi合金高102.8%，比Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni合金高45.49%。在充放电循环过程中，合金电极容量衰减的主要原因是在合金电极表面Mg变成了Mg(OH)2。Tafel极化测试表明Ti和Co的添加可以提高合金电极在碱液中的抗腐蚀性能和提高合金电极的循环稳定性。EIS测试结果表明Ti和Co的替代可以明显提高MgNi型合金表面的电催化活性。     

四元Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9X0.1(X=Mn,Zn,Co,Fe)系列合金的制备及性能研究

用机械合金化法合成了Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9X0.1(X=Mn, Zn, Co, Fe)系列合金. X射线衍射(XRD)结构分析表明, 用X部分替代Ni后, 促进了Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni合金的非晶化过程. 用Co和Fe部分替代Ni提高了合金的放电容量, 但却降低了合金的循环稳定性. 用Zn和Mn部分替代Ni提高了合金电极的循环寿命, 尤其是Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Zn0.1合金电极经10个充放电循环后, 其放电容量仍可达到313.8 mA·h/g. 对添加Co后的合金进行p-c-T测试发现, Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1合金的吸放氢容量明显比Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni合金高, 这与电化学所测到的结果一致.     

四元Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9X0.1(X=Mn,Zn,Co,Fe)系列合金的制备及性能研究

用机械合金化法合成了Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9X0.1(X=Mn,Zn,Co,Fe)系列合金.X射线衍射(XRD)结构分析表明,用X部分替代Ni后,促进了Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni合金的非晶化过程.用Co和Fe部分替代Ni提高了合金的放电容量,但却降低了合金的循环稳定性.用Zn和Mn部分替代Ni提高了合金电极的循环寿命,尤其是Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Zn0.1合金电极经10个充放电循环后,其放电容量仍可达到313.8mA.h/g.对添加Co后的合金进行p-c-T测试发现,Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1合金的吸放氢容量明显比Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni合金高,这与电化学所测到的结果一致.     

Ti和Zr的取代对MgNi型储氢合金电极电化学性能的影响

使用机械合金化法成功地合成了镁基储氢合金MgNi, Mg_0.9Ti_0.1Ni,和Mg_0.9Ti_0.06Zr_0.04Ni，并对其结构和电化学性能进行了研究。X射线衍射（XRD）表明，这一系列合金的主相为非晶态，透射电镜（TEM）表明，Ti和Zr取代的合金的颗粒直径约为2~4 μm。Ti和Zr的取代提高了合金电极的循环寿命。50周充放电循环后， Mg_0.9Ti_0.06Zr_0.04Ni合金电极的放电容量高于MgNi合金电极91.74%，高于Mg_0.9Ti_0.1Ni合金电极37.96%。电极容量衰减的主要原因是在合金电极表面形成Mg的腐蚀产物Mg(OH)₂。动电位扫描结果显示，Ti和Zr的添加提高了合金电极在碱液中的抗腐蚀性能。交流阻抗(EIS)测试表明，适量Ti和Zr的添加可以明显提高合金电极的电催化活性。     

替代元素铝和钕对La-Mg-Ni系AB3.5型贮氢合金性能的影响

用冷坩埚磁悬浮熔炼方法制备La0.7Mg0.3（Ni0.85-xCo0.15Alx）3.4（x=0.00,0.04）和La0.7-yNdyMg0.3（Ni0.81Co0.15Al0.04）3.4（y=0.10）贮氢合金,采用XRD,FESEM,EDS,P-C-T测试及三电极电化学性能测试研究合金的相结构、相成分、P-C-T曲线、电化学性能及相应电极的表面状态。Rietveld法全谱拟合表明,La0.7Mg0.3（Ni0.85Co0.15）3.4合金为多相结构,主相为Ce2Ni7型六方相,主相成分为（La,Mg）（Ni0.85Co0.15）2.9-3.3。P-C-T曲线显示随着Al和Nd的依次替代,平台压力从0.0118 MPa降低到0.0057 MPa再升高到0.0073 MPa。电化学性能测试表明,最大放电容量先从392.9 mAh.g^-1降低到363.4 mAh.g^-1再降低到343.7 mAh.g^-1,循环稳定性则从59.6%增加到73.1%再增加到79.7%。     

La0.5Mg0.5(Ni1-xCox)2.28(x=0.0～0.2)储氢合金的相结构和电化学性能

用冷坩埚磁悬浮熔炼方法制备La0.5Mg0.5(Ni1-xCox)2.28(x=0.0～0.2)贮氢电极合金,采用SEM,EDS,XRD,P-C-T测试及三电极电化学性能测试研究合金的相成分、相结构、P-C-T曲线和电化学性能.EDS结合XRD分析表明,La0.5Mg0.5Ni2.28及La0.5Mg0.5(Ni0.85Co0.15)2.28合金主相均为MgSnCu4型的LaMgNi4相,还包括LaNi5和(La,Mg)Ni3相.P-C-T曲线显示,合金均有双放氢平台,合金的贮氢量由Co替代量x=0.0时的1.24%增大至极大值x=0.15时的1.27%.电化学性能测试表明,随Co含量增加,最大放电容量从329.0mAh·g-1(x=0.0)增大到337.5 mAh·g-1(x=0.15),合金活化性能及高倍率放电性能明显改善;循环稳定性无明显变化.     

CoO添加剂对La0.7Mg0.3(Ni0.85Co0.15)3.5贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

为了改善La-Mg-Ni-Co型贮氢合金电极材料的电化学循环稳定性，采用真空中频感应电炉熔炼的方法制备了La0.7Mg0.3（Ni0.85Co0.15）3．5合金，研究了CoO添加剂（添加量分别为0％，2．5％，5％和15％）对其电化学性能的影响。结果表明，当以机械混合的方式在铸态La0.7Mg0．3（Ni0.85Co0.15）3．5合金粉中添加5％CoO时，可使合金电极在高温、低温和室温时的放电容量及室温充放电循环寿命大幅度提高。电化学测试及X射线衍射（XRD）分析结果表明，CoO可能是通过促进La0.7Mg0.3（Ni0．85Co0.15）35合金中某个（些）相的电化学反应，及其本身在充放电过程中发生可逆电化学反应，改善La0．7Mg0．3（Ni0．85Co0．15）3．5合金电化学性能。     

四元Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9X0.1(X=Mn,Zn,Co,Fe)系列合金的制备及性能研究

用机械合金化法合成了Mg0·9Ti0·1Ni0·9X0·1(X=Mn,Zn,Co,Fe)系列合金.X射线衍射(XRD)结构分析表明,用X部分替代Ni后,促进了Mg0·9Ti0·1Ni合金的非晶化过程.用Co和Fe部分替代Ni提高了合金的放电容量,但却降低了合金的循环稳定性.用Zn和Mn部分替代Ni提高了合金电极的循环寿命,尤其是Mg0·9Ti0·1Ni0·9Zn0·1合金电极经10个充放电循环后,其放电容量仍可达到313·8mA·h/g.对添加Co后的合金进行p-c-T测试发现,Mg0·9Ti0·1Ni0·9Co0·1合金的吸放氢容量明显比Mg0·9Ti0·1Ni合金高,这与电化学所测到的结果一致.     

Mg基非晶合金及La-Mg-Ni基复合物储氢电极的结构与电化学性能

Mg50Ni50非晶合金具有较高的初始放电容量(500mAh/g),有希望成为Ni-MH二次电池的负极合金材料.但较差的循环稳定性限制了它的进一步开发和应用.为此,本研究采用机械合金化方法,基于Mg侧进行元素替代,获得了四元Mg0.9-xTi0.1PdxNi(x=0.04-0.1)储氢合金.XRD和TEM分别从宏观和微观角度证实该系列合金仍为非晶态合金.本研究还发现,随着Pd含量的增加,腐蚀电流降低;合金的抗腐蚀能力提高.当Pd含量达到0.1的时候,Mg0.8Ti0.1Pd0.1Ni合金的耐蚀能力达到最大,其容量保持率也达到最高,经80次循环后放电容量仍然保持在200mAh/g以上.AB3型La-Mg-Ni储氢合金与Mg基合金类似之处在于:具有较高的初始放电容量但循环容量保持率较低.为此,本研究将AB3型La0.7Mg0.3Ni3.5合金与具有较高循环稳定性的AB2型Ti0.17Zr0.08V0.35Cr0.1Ni0.3合金相复合,获得新型AB3-AB2复相合金.XRD研究表明复合物中La0.7Mg0.3Ni3.5和Ti0.17Zr0.08V0.35Cr0.1Ni0.3仍旧保持原有结构.扫描电镜(SEM)研究发现,复合物颗粒的平均尺寸在50 μm左右.由于Ti0.17Zr0.08V0.35Cr0.1Ni0.3相的防护,复合物的耐腐蚀能力及100次循环容量保持率(62.3%)得以显著提高.     

La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型贮氢合金的结构与电化学性能

合金结构研究表明,La2-xMgxNi7(x=0.3～0.8)主要由Ce2Ni7,Gd2Co7,PuNi3型物相组成.合金中Mg含量对合金相结构有着重要影响,主相的晶胞参数随Mg含量(x)的增加呈线性减小,合金的吸放氢平台也随之升高.电化学测试表明,随合金中Mg含量的增加,合金电极的放电容量先增大后减小,合金电极的循环稳定性呈恶化趋势,La1.4Mg0.6Ni7合金电极具有最高的电化学放电容量(378 mAh·g-1),La1.6Mg0.4Ni7合金电极具有最佳的循环稳定性(S270=81%).合金电极的高倍率放电性能(HRD)随Mg含量的增加而增大.当合金中Mg含量较低时(x≤0.5),合金电极反应速度控制步骤为氢在合金体相中的扩散;当Mg含量较高时(x≥0.5),合金电极反应速度控制步骤转变为电极表面的电荷转移.     

Electrochemical Characteristics of Mg0.9Ti0.1-xZrxNi （x=0.02, 0.04, 0.06） Alloys

Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys Mg0.9Ti0.1-xZrxNi (x=0.02, 0.04, 0.06) were successfully prepared by means of mechanical alloying (MA). The effects of Zr addition on the discharge capacity and the cycle performance of the Mg-based electrodes were also studied. It was found that the discharge capacities were improved with addition of a small amount of Zr and the cycle performances of the alloy were stabilized with the addition of Ti. The effects of surface modification or coating on the properties of Mg0.9Ti0.06Zr0.04Ni were also studied. The results indicated that coating with graphite improved both the discharge capacity and cycle life of the amorphous Mg0.9Ti0.06Zr0.04Ni electrode.     

Effects of Ti and Co on the Electrochemical Characteristics of MgNi-Based Alloy Electrodes

Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys MgNi, Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni and Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1 were successfully prepared by means of mechanical alloying （MA）. The structure and the electrochemical characteristics of these Mg-based materials were also studied. The results of X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） show that the main phases of the alloys exhibit amorphous structures, and trace of Ni co-exists. The charge-discharge cycle tests indicate these alloys have good electrochemical active characteristics. And the cycle stability of Ti and Co doped alloy was better than that of MgNi alloy. After 50 cycle charge-discharge, the discharge capacity of the Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1 alloy was much better than that of MgNi and Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni alloys. The discharge capacity of Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1 was 102.8% higher than that of MgNi alloy, and 45.49% higher than that of the Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni alloy. During the process of charge-discharge cycle test, the main reason for the electrode capacity fading is the corrosion of Mg to Mg（OH）2 on the surface of alloys. The Tafel polarization test indicates Ti and Co improve the anticorrosion in an alkaline solution. The EIS results suggest that proper amount of Ti and Co doping improve the electrochemical catalytical activity on the Mg-based alloy surface significantly.     

Electrochemical corrosion behaviors and corrosion protection properties of Ni–Co alloy coating prepared on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet

In this study, a protective Ni–Co alloy coating was prepared on sintered NdFeB magnet applying electrodeposition technique. A pure nickel coating was also studied for a comparison. The microstructure, surface morphologies, and chemical composition of coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. The corrosion protection properties of coatings for NdFeB magnet in neutral 3.5 wt.% NaCl solutions were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The microstructure and surface morphologies analysis showed that the addition of cobalt element into matrix metal Ni altered the preferential orientation of pure nickel coating from (2 0 0) crystal face for pure nickel coating to (1 1 1) crystal face for Ni–Co alloy coating, and made the surface morphologies more compact and uniform due to the grain-refining. The results of potentiodynamic polarization test showed that compared with pure nickel coating, Ni–Co alloy coating exhibited much nobler corrosion potential (E _corr) and lower corrosion current density (j _corr), indicating better anticorrosive properties. The long-term immersion test by dint of EIS indicated that the Ni–Co alloy coating still presented high impedance value of 1.9 × 10⁵ Ω cm² with the immersion time of 576 h indicating the excellent anticorrosive properties, and corrosion protection properties of nickel coating for NdFeB magnet practically disappeared with the immersion time of 144 h, which also indicated that the Ni–Co alloy coating provided better corrosion protection properties for the NdFeB magnet compared with nickel coating.     

Effects of Ti and Zr Substituted on the Electrochemical Characteristics of MgNi-Based Alloy Electrodes

Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys MgNi, Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni, and Mg0.9Ti0.06Zr0.04Ni were successfully prepared by means of mechanical alloying （MA）. The structure and the electrochemical characteristics of these Mg-based materials were studied. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） result shows that the main phases of the alloys exhibit amorphous structure. The scanning electron microscopy （SEM） photograph shows that the particle size of Ti and Zr substituted alloys was about 2-4 μm in diameter. The cycle lives of the alloys were prolonged by adding Ti and Zr. After 50 charge-discharge cycles, the discharge capacity of Mg0.9Ti0.06Zr0.04Ni was 91.74% higher than that of MgNi alloy and 37.96% higher than that of Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni alloy. The main reason for the electrode capacity decay is the formation of Mg（OH）2 （product of Mg corrosion） at the surface of alloy. The potentiodynamic polarization result indicates that Ti and Zr doping improves the anticorrosion in an alkaline solution. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） results suggest that proper amount of Ti and Zr doping improves the electrochemical catalytic activity significantly.     

The effect of chloride concentration and pH on pitting corrosion of AA7075 aluminum alloy coated with phenyltrimethoxysilane

The effect of chloride ion concentration and pH of solution on the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy AA7075 coated with phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) immersed in aqueous solutions of NaCl is reported. Potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization, open circuit potential, and weight loss measurements were performed. The surface of samples was examined using SEM and optical microscopy. Elemental characterization of the coating by secondary ion mass spectrometry indicates an intermediate layer between coating and aluminum alloy surface. The corrosion behavior of the aluminum alloy AA7075 depends on chloride concentration and pH of solution. In acidic or neutral solutions, general and pitting corrosion occur simultaneously. On the contrary, exposure to alkaline solutions results in general corrosion only. Results further reveal that aluminum alloy AA7075 is susceptible to pitting corrosion in all chloride solutions with concentrations between 0.05 M and 2 M NaCl; an increase in the chloride concentration slightly shifted both the pitting and corrosion potentials to more active values. Linear polarization resistance measurements show a substantially improved corrosion resistance value in case of samples coated with PTMS as compared to uncoated samples in both neutral (pH = 7), acidic (pH = 0.85 and 3), and alkaline chloride solutions (pH = 10 and 12.85). The higher corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy coated with PTMS can be attributed to the hydrophobic coating which acts as a barrier and prevents chloride ion penetration and subsequent reaction with the aluminum alloy.     

Ni-P-C复合材料的制备及其电催化产氢性能研究

通过化学镀技术制备了亚微米级的Ni-P镀层石墨粉复合粉体新材料(即Ni-PC).采用扫描电子显微镜、X-射线能谱仪、X-射线粉末衍射仪对Ni-P-C复合粉体分别进行表面形貌分析、表面成分分析和物相分析.通过对Ni-P-C材料电极进行电解水析氢、循环伏安和Tafel极化等电化学测试,研究对比了Ni-P-C(石墨)材料与试剂石墨粉体以及纯Ni电极的电化学催化产氢性能.结果表明:利用化学镀技术成功地在石墨粉体表面镀上了一层亚微米级且均匀、致密的非晶态Ni-P合金.Ni-P-C(石墨)复合电极材料析氢能力强,具有良好的电化学活性.     

Evaluation of in vitro bioactivity and MG63 Oesteoblast cell response for TiO2 coated magnesium alloys

The present investigation reports TiO₂ coating on magnesium alloy AZ31 by sol–gel method via dip coating technique. TiO₂ coated surface was characterized by thin film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD), Fourier transform infrared red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. From TF-XRD results, the peaks at 2θ values of 25.14, 32.12, 68.73 and 70.11 confirm the presence of TiO₂. The TiO₂ is crystalline in nature and the crystallite size is about 32.4 nm. SEM-EDX, TEM and AFM show that the coated surface is uniform and nanoporous. FT-IR analysis shows that the peak in the range of 692 cm^?1 is assigned to Ti–O–Ti stretching vibration. Contact angle measurements show that the coating is hydrophilic in nature. Bioactivity of the coating in simulated body fluid (SBF) was also examined, the hydroxyl functionalized surface greatly enhances the hydroxyapatite growth. The potentiodynamic polarization studies prove that the corrosion resistance of the TiO₂ coated surface after immersion in SBF for 7 days is improved dramatically. Cell adhesion studies confirm the increased cell attachment on TiO₂ coated surface when compared to uncoated alloy, due to less amount of Mg ion release from the substrate in the culture medium.     

Electrochemical Behavior of Dental Ni‐Cr Wirolloy Coated with Eco‐friendly Films in Artificial Saliva

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of the non‐precious Ni‐Cr Wirolloy, being used in dentistry, was investigated before and after applying of two types of eco‐friendly coatings, polyvinyl silsesquioxane (PVS) and nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHAP) separately in artificial saliva solution at 37 °C for 14 d of immersion. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the introduced coating films in enhancing the corrosion resistance of the alloy, and in decreasing the leaching of the toxic Ni ions from the alloy into the environment. The electrochemical corrosion investigation methods used are; open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The evaluated results revealed that the electrochemically coated alloy with PVS. prepared at cathodic potential showed higher corrosion resistance and more stable film compared to that prepared by conventional dip‐coating method. At the same time, the nHAP electrochemically coated film provided the best anti‐corrosion properties over all examined time intervals. The obtained results were confirmed via surface analysis, which assured the formation of the prepared coatings on the alloy surface. Chemical analysis of the corrosion product/solutions showed that the effect of electrochemically deposited nHAP and PVS. polymer films in suppression of Ni ions leaching is similar and slightly higher than that of the chemically coated PVS. one; however, all of them are efficient in decreasing the leaching of the risky Ni ions into the solution.     

浸渍硅胶薄层色谱板分离钴和镍及数字图像分析法定量(英文)

Thin layer chromatography(TLC) of cobalt and nickel has been performed on silica gel layers induced with alkali mediated cellulose extract.A novel combination of 10% aqueous solutions of Tween-20 and potassium thiocyanate in 1∶1(v/v) was identified as the best mobile phase for the selective separation of Co2+from Ni2+on the impregnated Silica Gel G layers.The chromatographic characteristics of the cations were studied and the limits of detection as well as the limits of quantification for Co2+and Ni2+were determined.The quantitative estimation of the cations was achieved from the digital image analysis of respective chromatograms.The proposed quantitative method was successfully applied with 0-0.50% error for the determination of Co2+from Ni2+in spiked samples of bauxite,soil and rock containing common cations such as Al3+,Fe2+,Ti4+,Zn2+,Mn2+,Cu2+,Cr6+,Mg2+,etc.under the optimized chromatographic conditions.     

Ni含量对Co_(1-x)Ni_xB催化水解放氢性能的影响(英文)

采用化学还原法以乙醇为溶剂在冰水浴中合成了一系列Co1-xNixB合金催化剂,研究了该系列合金不同Ni含量对NaBH4水解放氢性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)显示Co1-xNixB合金是纳米非晶态颗粒.放氢测试表明Co1-xNixB具有很高的催化活性.放氢速率先随着Ni含量的增加而增大,并在x=0.15时放氢速率达到最大值,然后随x值的增加而减小.298K时Co0.85Ni0.15B合金催化碱性硼氢化钠水解的最大放氢速率可达4228mL·min-1·g-1,CoB和Co0.85Ni0.15B合金催化放氢的活化能分别为34.25和31.87kJ·mol-1.因此以乙醇为溶剂合成的Co1-xNixB合金具有较高的催化活性.