线性电流扫描过程中的液/液界面离子转移动力学

本文从理论上推导了在线性电流扫描过程中,离子在液/液界面转移的电位-电流方程。提出了利用线性电流扫描方法获取离子转移动力学参数的方法。并对液/液界面电化学中常用的基本电解质离子(TPAs~+)在水/硝基苯界面的转移进行了实际研究。     

双1:11镝的硅钼杂多酸的液/液界面电化学研究

用循环线性电流扫描计时电位法和循环伏安法研究了双1∶11镝的硅钼杂多酸阴离子在水／硝基苯界面的转移。在pH＝1．1～5．3时，转移离子为H9Dy（SiMo11O39）24－．根据循环伏安结果计算得转移离子的标准电位差和Gibbs转移自由能分别为0．102V和－39．5kJ•ml-1，并由循环线性电流扫描计时电位法计算了转移离子的有关动力学参数，H9Dy（SiMo11O39）24-在水／硝基苯界面的转移属准可逆转移．     

三相电极法及其在液/液界面铬(Ⅵ)离子转移研究中的应用

将含有氧化还原探针的硝基苯溶液滴到边平面热解石墨(EPPG)电极上,然后将该电极插入到电解质水溶液中,从而使硝基苯、石墨表面以及水溶液形成一个三相接界线,即形成了EPPG三相电极。利用循环伏安法对EPPG三相电极法的原理进行了研究,得到了比文献报道更理想的液/液界面离子转移热力学数据。本研究还观察到铬(Ⅵ)离子在水相/硝基苯相界面上的转移反应,并测定了铬(Ⅵ)的离子转移热力学数据;同时还分别利用方波伏安法和傅里叶变换-方波伏安法结合"准可逆最大"现象对铬(Ⅵ)在水相/硝基苯相界面上的离子转移动力学进行了比较研究。     

胆碱类药物的液液界面电化学研究

用循环线性电流扫描计时电位法(CLC)、循环伏安法(CV)和微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了五种胆碱类药物在水/硝基苯界面(W/NB)上的转移行为。在水相溶液呈碱性时,观察到了伴有不可逆水解反应的相转移过程。讨论了药物结构中的取代基效应,并依据离子转移的标准Gibbs能△0^WGtr^0度测量了取代基的疏水性效应及药物的脂溶性。     

双通道微米管支撑的微-液/液界面上电荷转移反应的研究

将有机相和水相分别灌入双通道玻璃微米管θ管中的一个管中,利用θ管表面的亲水特征,在灌有有机相的微米管口附近形成微-液/液界面.利用循环伏安法研究了电荷在这种微-液/液界面上的转移反应,包括简单离子(四甲基铵离子TMA⁺)转移、加速离子转移(DB18C6加速K⁺离子)和电子转移(二茂铁/铁氰化钾+亚铁氰化钾体系)反应过程.结果表明,这种双通道微米管所得到的微-液/液界面具有不对称扩散场的特性.此装置是目前最简单的可用于研究液/液界面上的电荷转移反应的装置之一,即所谓的可进行"无溶液"液/液界面电化学及电分析化学研究的装置.     

溴甲酚紫的液/液界面离子传输过程研究

本文研究酸性染料溴甲酚紫的液/液界面离子传输过程。详细研究了两相基础电解质对传输过程的影响,用离子缔合的观点解释了传输电位与有机相基础电解质浓度的关系。探讨了有机相溶剂性质对传输电位的影响,讨论了传输机理,并用光谱方法进行了验证。实验所测半波电位△_0~wφ_(1/2)-pH曲线与根据传输机理推导的方程式相符合,计算了传输离子的标准传输电位△_0~wφ°和标准Gibbs传输能△_0~wG°。     

磷钼钒杂多阴离子的液/液界面电化学研究

用循环伏安法研究了V^vMo11-V5^vMo7杂多阴离子在水/硝基苯界面的转移行为, 观察了溶液酸度对转移行为的影响及杂多阴离子稳定存在的pH范围, 钒取代的杂多阴离子稳定性较12-磷钼杂多酸显著提高, 但随钒原子数增加离子稳定性降低, 在"电位窗"内转移的离子主要为-4价, 转移过程为扩散控制, 由循环伏安实验得到了杂多阴离子的表观转移电位△0^wψ^0和转移自由能△Gtr^0^w^-^0,对于不同钒数的杂多阴离子, 其半波电位E1/2与pH关系均可用E1/2=A-37pH(mV)描述。     

氨基酸在亚微米级液/液界面上的转移反应

应用循环伏安法和微、纳米管系统地研究了二苯并18冠6(DB18C6)加速20种氨基酸在水/1, 2-二氯乙烷(W/DCE)界面上的转移反应. 实验结果表明电位窗内只有10种氨基酸, 即苯丙氨酸(Phe)、亮氨酸(Leu)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、缬氨酸(Val)、色氨酸(Trp)、甲硫氨酸(Met)、丙氨酸(Ala)、甘氨酸(Gly)、半胱氨酸(Cys)和谷氨酰胺(Gln), 其质子化后的一价阳离子能给出很好的加速离子转移伏安图, 并且转移反应机理符合界面配合/界面离解反应. 由稳态伏安图可求出DB18C6与不同氨基酸在1,2-二氯乙烷中的配合常数和界面配合反应的动力学常数. 实验结果表明, 与碱金属离子和DB18C6配合相比, 这10种氨基酸与DB18C6的配合选择性较低, 主要原因是由于氨基酸支链所引起的位阻效应以及本体有机溶剂的亲脂化稳定效应的协同作用. 除了甘氨酸和甲硫氨酸以外, 不同氨基酸与DB18C6配合反应的配合常数以及反应速率常数与其亲脂性量度(π)有良好的对应关系, 这表明质子化的氨基酸与DB18C6的异相配合反应不仅决定于离子与冠醚环的键合强度, 而且与氨基酸在转移过程中的吉布斯转移能有关, 而吉布斯转移能又与氨基酸自身的结构密切相关. 这一研究将对人们理解在生命体中氨基酸在载体蛋白的推动作用下越过生物膜的主动运送过程有较重要意义.     

膜修饰液/液界面上亚叶酸离子的转移

采用复合介孔膜修饰水/1,6-二氯己烷(W/DCH)界面得到阵列介观W/DCH界面,利用循环伏安法、差分脉冲伏安法以及计时电量法考察了亚叶酸离子在该阵列介观W/DCH界面上的转移过程.结果表明,亚叶酸离子在膜修饰W/DCH界面上转移的电化学响应与复合介孔膜内表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵密切相关.循环伏安结果表明,亚叶酸离子由膜内水相向油相转移的峰电流与扫描速率的平方根呈线性关系,根据Randles-Sevik方程,计算得到亚叶酸离子在复合介孔膜内水相中的扩散系数为2.036×10~(-8)cm~2/s.利用计时电量法测得亚叶酸离子在该界面上转移反应的标准速率常数为2.72×10~(-3)cm/s.     

液/液界面的电化学阻抗谱测量 Ⅱ: 液/液界面上离子传递的研究

本文成功地运用四电极系统阻抗谱技术来研究液/液界面上的离子传递。提出了从表观阻抗曲线获取真实界面阻抗曲线的方法。并用此方法对四甲铵离子在水/硝基苯界面上的传递进行了实际的动力学研究, 证实了四甲铵离子在水/硝基苯界面上的传递是可逆离子传递。     

Ion transfer of bromophenol blue across liquid-liquid interfaces

The ion transfer of the acidic dye bromophenol blue (BPB) at the interfaces of water/nitrobenzene (W/NB), water/1,2-dichloroethane (W/1,2-DCE) and water/(nitrobenzene+chlorobenzene) (W/(NB +CB)) was studied in detail by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry with linear current scanning (CLC), controlled potential electrolysis and UV spectroscopic methods. Using controlled potential electrolysis, we observed successfully the transfer process of BPB across the W/NB interface from the colour changes of BPB in two different phases. The proposed transfer mechanism for BPB is proved to be reasonable using UV spectroscopy of the product of the electrolysis. The standard potential differences Δ^o_w^o and the standard Gibbs energies of the BPB transfer from water to some organic solvents were calculated. The dissociation constants of BPB obtained were quite close to the literature values.     

液/液界面新溶剂体系的电化学研究

用循环伏安法测定了离子在水-异硫氰酸烯丙脂(AIT)体系中的标准转移Gibbs能△_o~w G_(tr,i)~0。对含有AIT的混合溶剂的研究, 发现了一系列电位窗比较宽的水/有机溶剂体系, 讨论了溶剂效应对△_o~w G_(tr,i)~0的影响。     

细胞色素c在微-液/液界面上电化学行为的研究

本文采用电化学技术,研究了细胞色素c（Cyt c）在玻璃微米管尖端处形成的微-水/1,2-二氯乙烷（W/DCE）界面上的电化学行为.选用四丁基铵四苯硼（TBAT-PB）、四丁基铵四氯代苯硼（TBATPBCl）以及四丁基铵四氟代苯硼（TBATPBF）三种不同的有机相支持电解质来研究Cyt c在W/DCE界面上的反应.在电势窗较窄的含TBATPB体系中只能够观察到吸附过程;在电势窗较宽的含TBATPBCl和TBATPBF的体系中,可以同时观察到吸附与离子转移过程.当Cyt c浓度较低时,两种过程都可以观察到;当Cyt c浓度较高时,主要是吸附.文中对这些过程的机理进行了探讨.     

Ion transport across a bilayer lipid membrane facilitated by valinomycin

The facilitated ion transport from one aqueous phase, W1, to another, W2, across a bilayer lipid membrane, BLM, containing valinomycin, Val, as an ionophore was investigated by voltammetry. Cyclic voltammograms for the ion transfer were symmetrical about the origin (0 V, 0 A) and the magnitude of the ion transfer current increased with an increase in the absolute value of the applied potential. The magnitude of the ion transfer current at a definite potential in the voltammograms depended on the cation species added to W1 and W2 and was proportional to the concentration of Val in the BLM. The magnitude of the ion transfer current at a definite potential also varied in proportion to the hydrophobicity of the counter anion in W1 and W2. Taking into account the conjugated ion transfers at the W1|BLM and BLM|W2 interfaces, the positive current that flowed from W1 to W2 across the BLM was attributable to both the transfer of the complex-forming cation from W1 to the BLM and the transfer of the anion, which was distributed in the BLM as the counter ion from W2 to W1. The transfer from the BLM to W1 occurred at the W1|BLM interface and both the transfer of the cation from the BLM to W2 and the transfer of the anion from W2 to the BLM at the BLM|W2 interface. The negative current was then attributed to the opposite reaction. The voltammograms were asymmetrical with the origin when the ion components in W1 and W2 were different.     

Ion-transfer voltammetry at a polarized room-temperature molten salt/water interface.

Tetraoctylammonium cation forms a room-temperature molten salt (RTMS) with 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate anion. The RTMS is immiscible with water (W) and forms a stable RTMS/W interface. It has been shown that the RTMS/W interface can be electrochemically polarized. A well-defined voltammetric wave due to the transfer of thiocyanate ion across the RTMS/W interface was observed within the potential window. This is the first example of a polarized RTMS/W interface.     

A true electron-transfer reaction between 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato cadmium(II) and the hexacyanoferrate couple at the nitrobenzene/water interface.

The ability of some metal complexes of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) to give a voltammetric wave due to the heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) at a nitrobenzene (NB)/water (W) interface has been examined. The previously-proposed, electron-conductor separating oil-water (ECSOW) system has been successfully employed to find that the TPP complex with cadmium(II) added to NB gives a well-defined, reversible wave for the heterogeneous (i.e., "true") ET with the hexacyanoferrate couple in W. A digital simulation analysis has entirely excluded the possibility of the ion-transfer mechanism due to the homogeneous ET in W. The a.c. impedance method has then been used to determine the kinetic parameters including the standard rate constant k0 (= 0.10 cm M(-1) s(-1)) and the transfer coefficient alpha (= 0.53 at the half-wave potential). These values are in good agreement with those predicted from the Marcus theory with the assumption that the heterogeneous ET due to molecular collision occurs at the "sharp" NB/W interface.     

Facilitated Ion Transfer Across the Micro-liquid/Liquid Interface Supported at the Tip of a Silanized Micropipette

IntroductionIon transfer across a liquid/liquid( L/L) inter-face or an interface between two immiscible elec-trolyte solutions( ITIES) plays a significant role inmany biochemical fields and technological systemsfrom biological membrane and drug delivery to ex-traction process and chemical sensors[1] . Theminiaturization of ITIESwas firstachieved by Tay-lor and Girault via supporting the interface at thetip of a micropipette in1 986[2 ] .Later on a nano-ITIES supported at a nanopipette …     

质子化非那吡啶在功能化复合介孔膜修饰的液/液界面上的转移反应

采用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法考察了临床药物盐酸非那吡啶在功能化复合介孔膜修饰的水/1,6-二氯己烷(W/DCH)界面上的转移行为. 研究结果表明, 盐酸非那吡啶中的非那吡啶(PAP) 可在酸性条件下发生质子化形成非那吡啶阳离子(HPAP⁺)并在该界面上发生转移. 根据循环伏安曲线峰电流与扫描速率的关系以及Randles-Sev$\check{c}$ik 方程, 计算得到HPAP⁺在复合介孔膜内水相中的扩散系数为5.14×10^-8 cm²/s. 研究发现, 相对于空白膜修饰的W/DCH界面, 该复合介孔膜修饰的W/DCH界面可增强非那吡啶阳离子转移时的电流响应, 并提升非那吡啶阳离子的检测性能. 另外, 利用液/液界面电化学方法绘制了非那吡啶在功能化复合介孔膜修饰的W/DCH界面上的离子分布图, 从而得到非那吡啶在该界面上不同条件下的分布情况及其分配系数和吉布斯转移自由能.     

Electroneutrality coupling of electron transfer at an electrode surface and ion transfer across the interface between thin-layer of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide covering the electrode surface and an outer electrolyte solution.

The electrode reaction of decamethylferrocene (DMFc) dissolved in a thin layer of a room-temperature molten salt (RTMS), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (C8mimC1C1N) or 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide (C8mimC2C2N), on a self-assembled monolayer-modified gold electrode is coupled with the ion transfer across the interface between the RTMS and the outer aqueous solution (W) to give a voltammogram whose shape resembles a voltammogram of a simple one-electron transfer process. The electroneutrality of the RTMS layer during the oxidation of DMFc to decamethylferricenium ion is maintained by the concomitant dissolution of C8mim+ ion from the RTMS phase to the W phase, and the reduction of decamethylferricenium ion to DMFc is accompanied by the transfer of either C1C1N- or C2C2N- from RTMS to W. The midpoint potential of the voltammogram varies with the concentration of the salt in the aqueous phase, C8mimCl or LiCnCnN (n = 1 or 2), in a Nernstian manner, showing that the phase-boundary potential between the RTMS and the W is controlled by the partition of these ions. Although the phase-boundary potential across the RTMS / W interface is Nernstian with respect to the ions common to both phases at the equilibrium, the polarization at the RTMS / W interface under current flow distorts the shape of the voltammograms, resulting in a wider peak separation in the voltammogram.     

Interfacial behavior of sulforhodamine 101 at the polarized water/1,2-dichloroethane interface studied by spectroelectrochemical techniques

The transfer mechanism of an amphoteric rhodamine, sulforhodamine 101 (SR101), across the polarized water/1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, differential voltfluorometry and potential-modulated fluorescence (PMF) spectroscopy. The voltammetric response for the ion transfer of SR101 monoanion from water to DCE was observed as the diffusion-controlled transfer process. An unusual voltammetric response was found at 0.15 V more negative than the formal transfer potential of SR101⁻ in the cyclic voltammogram and voltfluorogram. The frequency dependence of the PMF responses confirmed the presence of the adsorption processes at negative potentials. In addition, a further transient adsorption step was uncovered at The interfacial mechanism of SR101 is discussed by comparing the results obtained from each technique.