烷烃同系物气相色谱保留指数的分子拓扑研究

定义了分子中原子的平衡电负性,并用原子的平衡电负性对分子图进行着色,在距离矩阵的基础上结合分子中各原子的支化度构建了一种新的拓扑指数N1,N2和N3。该拓扑指数对分子结构实现惟一性表征,具有优良的结构选择性。将拓扑指数N1,N2和N3与烷烃在固定相角鲨烷(柱温50　℃)及SE-30(柱温80　℃)上的气相色谱保留指数进行多元线性回归,结果表明烷烃的气相色谱保留指数可分别定量描述为I(Squalane)=23.97842N1-3.86562N2+0.787379N3+42.33061,I(SE-30)=23.83937N1-3.5687N2+0.939876N3+22.11952。用上述回归方程对烷烃的气相色谱保留指数进行预测,结果表明预测值与实验值的平均相对误差均为1.31%,预测结果误差在实验误差范围内。     

碳氢化合物、醛、酮和硫醇的定量结构-色谱保留指数相关性研究

采用平衡电负性和相对化学键长对传统距离矩阵进行修正,构建新拓扑指数Nt。结合路径数,建立碳氢化合物、醛、酮和硫醇等化合物在24种极性和非极性色谱柱上的定量结构-色谱保留指数关系(QSRR)模型,23种模型的相关系数大于0.99。模型经留n法交叉检验,显示出良好稳健性和预测能力。模型物理意义明确,表明色谱保留指数可用分子的大小、平衡电负性、支化度和形状等内在结构信息进行有效表征。模型经Needham公式分析,结果显示新指数Nt对保留指数影响最大。借助Hyperchem软件进行对比研究,结果表明拓扑化学法优于量子化学AM1法。     

单硫醚气相色谱保留指数拓扑化学研究

在分子拓扑化学理论的基础上,根据分子中原子的特性,用分子中原子的平衡电负性对分子图进行着色,在距离矩阵的基础上结合分子中各原子的支化度构建一组新的拓扑指数NPm(m=1,2,3),利用多元线性回归技术将单硫醚在4种极性固定相的气相色谱保留指数与NPm(m=1,2,3)建立相应的定量结构-保留相关关系模型(QSRR),并用这种模型对单硫醚的气相色谱保留指数进行预测,结果表明,预测结果和实验值吻合较好。     

不同极性固定相脂肪醇色谱保留指数QSRR研究

在分子拓扑化学理论基础上,根据脂肪醇分子中各原子特性,在距离矩阵基础上使用分子中原子的平衡电负性对分子图进行着色,构建了新的拓扑指数1Tp和2Tp,并对25个脂肪醇在6种不同极性固定相的色谱保留指数(RI)进行QSRR研究。6个拓扑模型的相关系数R均大于0.9872,得到的实验值与计算值的平均相对误差均小于2%,在实验范围以内。该拓扑指数物理意义明确,较好地描述了脂肪醇分子中各原子的电负性效应、支化效应、氢键缔合效应及空间效应,用于研究色谱保留指数,结果令人满意。同时对拓扑模型采用留一交叉检验法(leave-one-out cross-validation,LOO-CV)和外检验相结合的方法进行测试,测试结果显示模型具有良好稳定性和较强的预测能力。     

手性有机化合物构效关系的量子拓扑学研究

在拓扑化学理论基础上, 从手性分子中成键原子的结构特征和手性原子所处的局部化学微环境出发, 应用密度泛函理论(DFT), 在B3LYP/6-31＋G(d)水平上计算所得距离代替传统二维距离, 结合分子中各原子的支化度, 应用原子的平衡电负性对分子图进行着色, 并引入手性校正因子进行校正, 得到新型的手性拓扑指数w₁和w₂. 采用偏最小二乘回归法建立了18种手性羟基酸和氨基酸的薄层色谱保留指数R_M的定量结构-保留拓扑模型, 并用这种模型对R_M进行预测, 结果表明预测结果和实验值吻合较好. 同时对拓扑模型采用留一交叉检验法(leave-one-out cross-validation, LOO-CV)和外检验相结合的方法进行测试, 测试结果显示模型具有良好稳定性和较强的预测能力.     

分子拓扑指数与链烷烃热力学性质的关系

碳原子个数N和路径数P3是表征链烷烃分子的大小、支化度和形状等结构特征的重要参数,引入烷烃所含甲基数的1.5次方M1和3次方M2表征取代基效应,运用多元线性模型研究了链烷烃标准生成焓、标准摩尔熵、标准生成吉布斯自由能等三种热力学性质与N,P3,M1和M2之间的定量关系,相关系数分别达到0.9993,0.9989和0.9972,标准偏差分别是2.2809kJ/mol,5.9093J/(mol·K),2.0585kJ/mol,其计算值与实验值非常接近.     

卤代烷烃结构与折光指数关系的拓扑化学研究

本文根据分子拓扑学原理,用色图方法探讨了卤代烷烃结构与折光指数的关系,提出一个普遍适用于卤代烷烃折光指数的定量关系式。应用这一定量关系,不仅能够描述卤代烷烃折光指数的变化规律、预测卤代烷烃的折光指数,而且能够合理表征物质结构与性能之间的关系。     

分子诱导效应指数与链烷烃的沸点

利用基团的诱导效应指数，首次提出了分子的诱导效应指数的概念，并定义了 链烷烃的有效碳链长度NC＝（MIs,N/MIb,N)·N，式中MIs,N,MIb,N分别为直链和支 链异构体的分子诱导效应指数。研究结果表明，链烷烃的沸点Tb(℃）与NC关系是 ：1n(806.5-Tb)=6.9824-0.11431NC^2/3     

卤代烷烃结构与折光指数关系的拓扑化学研究

本文根据分子拓扑学原理, 用色图方法探讨了卤代烷烃结构与折光指数的关系。提出一个普遍适用于卤代烷烃折光指数的定量关系式。应用这一定量关系, 不仅能够描述卤代烷烃折光指数的变化规律、预测卤代烷烃的折光指数。而且能够合理表征物质结构与性能之间的关系。     

一种新的分子拓扑指数及其在QSPR/QSAR研究中的应用

通过引入量子数、键参数,认为分子的性质与其中各原子的电负性、价电子数、成键电子数、价层主量子数及各化学键的键长有关,提出了一种新的分子拓扑指数mAY.采用该拓扑指数对饱和烷烃、烷基苯、烷氧氯硅烷、卤代苯、含氮杂环化合物、碱金属卤化物及卤化锡的性质/活性进行了相关关系的研究.结果表明,mAY与有机物和无机物的性质/活性间具有良好的相关性.     

烃类化合物在不同色谱柱上的定量结构-保留相关性研究

运用量子化学中的AMI方法计算烃类化合物的分子结构描述参数,借助逐步回归法建立了烃类化合物在不同极性色谱柱上的QSRR模型。结果表明：烷烃、烯烃、二烯烃类化合物在不同极性的色谱柱上的色谱保留与其分子结构描述参数之间具有较好的线性关系,烃类化合物在不同极性固定相上的保留主要与溶质分子的MR有关,即与溶质分子的色散力有关。随着溶质分子的不饱和度的增加,或固定相极性的增强,溶质分子与固定相之间的电荷传递作用随之增强。而且,烃类化合物在不同极性固定相上的色谱保留的QSRR模型均可用量化参数HOMO、LUMO、EICE以及MR参数来描述。所建立的在不同极性色谱柱上的烃类化合物的色谱保留QSRR模型预测烃类化合物的色谱保留值时具有较好的稳定性和准确性。     

Quantitative determination by temperature dependent near-infrared spectra

Near-infrared (NIR) spectra are sensitive to the variation of experimental conditions, such as temperature. In this work, the relationship between NIR absorption spectra and temperature was quantitatively analyzed and applied to the quantitative determination of the compositions in mixtures. It was found that, for the solvents such as water and ethanol, a quantitative spectra-temperature relationship (QSTR) model between NIR spectra and temperature can be established by using partial least squares (PLS) regression. Therefore, the temperature of a solution can be predicted by using the model and NIR spectrum. Furthermore, it was also found that the difference between the predicted results of different solutions is a quantitative reflection of concentration. The variation of intercept in the relationship of the predicted and measured temperature can be used to determine the concentration of the compositions. The mixtures of water, methanol, ethanol and ethylenediamine in a concentration range of 5-80% (v/v) were studied. The calibration curves are found to be reliable with the correlation coefficients (R) higher than 0.99. Both the QSTR and calibration model may extend the application of NIR spectroscopy and provide novel techniques for analytical chemistry.     

Quantitative determination by temperature dependent near-infrared spectra: a further study

Quantitative spectra-temperature relationship (QSTR) between near-infrared (NIR) spectra and temperature has been studied in our previous work (Talanta, 2010, 82, 1017-1021). In this study, applicability of the QSTR model for quantitative determination is further studied using the spectra of aqueous ethanol samples in the temperature range of 31-40 °C and the concentration range of 1-99%. The results show that QSTR model can be built by using the spectra in a small temperature range and the quantitative analysis can be achieved by only two spectra at different temperatures. Moreover, calibration curves for different concentration ranges (1-5%, 20-70%, 95-99%, v/v) are investigated by using linear and nonlinear curve fitting, respectively. Both of the linear and nonlinear curves are found to be applicable within these concentration ranges. Therefore, the temperature dependent NIR spectra may provide a new way for quantitative determination and may have high potential in bio-fluids analysis or industrial practices.     

Quantitative Structure—Property Relationship on Prediction of Surface Tension of Nonionic Surfactants

When a surfactant is solved into a solvent, it will adsorb onto the surface of the solution and reduce the surface free energy to a marked degree. The surface free energy, which is the minimum amount of work required to create that surface, is usually measured by surface tension. The minimum of surface tension 0g is the most useful key for characterizing the activity of surfactant. It is well known that 0g is determined by the molecular structure of surfactant, i.e., the contributions from …     

Structure-retention and mobile phase-retention relationships for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of several hydroxythioxanthone derivatives in binary acetonitrile-water mixtures

The reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) behavior of some newly synthesized hydroxythioxanthone derivatives using binary acetonitrile-water mixtures as mobile phase has been examined. First, the variation in the retention time of each molecule as a function of mobile phase properties was studied by Kamlet-Taft solvatochromic equations. Then, the influences of molecular structure of the hydroxythioxanthone derivatives on their retention time in various mobile phase mixtures were investigated by quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) analysis. Finally, a unified model containing both the molecular structure parameters and mobile phase properties was developed to describe the chromatographic behavior of the systems studied. Among the solvent properties, polarity/polarizability parameter (π^*) and hydrogen-bond basicity (β), and among the solute properties, the most positive local charge (MPC), the sum of positive charges on hydrogen atoms contributing in hydrogen bonding (SPCH) and lipophilicity index (log P) were identified as controlling factors in the RP-HPLC behavior of hydroxythioxanthone derivatives in actonitrile-water binary solvents.     

聚丙烯酸酯的玻璃化温度的定量结构性质相关研究

提出了高分子的侧基顺拉模型 ,认为侧基的空间效应主要来源于侧基的轴向横截面积 .与侧基的轴向横截面积密切相关的是侧基的碳链分支数 .直接采用侧基碳链分支数作为侧基的空间效应参数 ,对 13种聚丙烯酸酯和 9种聚甲基丙烯酸酯的玻璃化温度进行了定量结构 性质相关研究 ,得到了良好的三参数模型 ,对聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯的玻璃化温度分别进行回归分析 ,相关系数R2 =0 989(s =3 8K)和R2 =0 993 (s =4 8K) .该模型对 2 2种聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯的合并计算的结果是R2 =0 980 (s =8 3K) .建立的模型参数计算简便 ,模型的稳定性和适应性较好 ,所有模型的标准误差均小于或接近实验误差 .     

酚类化合物的多元回归分析及神经网络法研究

在药物分子设计的诸多参量中，化合物在正辛酸／水中的分配系数的对数lgP是广为应用的一个参量（称为流水性参数）．lgP反映了化合物分子脂溶性的大小·药物分子具有适当的lgP值才能发挥最大的活性·lgP值的实验测定虽然并不困难，但对干至今仍未测定lgP值的化合物或在药物分子