烷基苯类化合物气相色谱保留指数与分子结构的相关性研究

利用分子力学和量子化学方法计算出烷基苯类化合物的分子结构描述参数,用逐步回归法建立烷基苯类化合物在不同极性色谱柱上的QSRR模型。烷基苯类化合物在不同极性色谱柱上的气相色谱保留指数与其分子结构描述参数之间具有较好的线性关系。建立了在不同极性色谱柱上的烷基苯类化合物的色谱保留QSRR模型,并预测烷基苯类化合物的色谱保留值,结果具有较好的稳定性和准确性。     

人工神经网络用于有机磷酸酯类化合物的定量结构色谱保留相关研究

采用误差反传前向人工神经网络(ANN),研究了35种有机磷酸酯类化合物在3种不同极性固定相上的结构与其色谱保留(QSRR)之间的定量关系。以其分子电性距离矢量(或分子拓扑指数)作为输入、色谱保留值作为输出,采用内外双重验证的办法分析和检验所得模型的稳定性和外推能力。结果表明,ANN模型获得了比多元线性回归(MLR)模型更好的拟合效果。使用MLR模型时QSRR模型相关性受色谱固定相极性的影响,而采用ANN模型无此现象。同时,ANN模型解决了QSRR中预测维数为1时耗时较长的问题。通过ANN建模可以同时预测3种不同极性固定相上的色谱保留值,可大大缩短建模和预测所需的时间。     

多壁碳纳米管键合硅胶固定相的保留机理研究

制备了3种不同键合量的多壁碳纳米管键合硅胶固定相。以芳香族化合物为目标分析物,甲醇-水为流动相,分别考察了其在不同流动相比例、流速、柱温条件下,酸性、中性、碱性化合物的色谱保留行为,并通过计算分离过程中焓变、熵变和吉布斯自由能等热力学参数,探讨了色谱柱的保留机理。结果表明,碳纳米管键合硅胶与未键合的硅胶固定相分离对氨基苯磺酸和尿嘧啶时,因碳纳米管的加入增强了其疏水作用,保留机理与反相色谱柱相似。而分离中性化合物时,因加入的碳纳米管引入π-π作用,增强了对化合物的保留,有效地提高了色谱柱的柱效。碳纳米管的加入使溶质分子在固定相上的保留增强,溶质分子从杂乱无序排列转为有序排列,且溶质分子在不同碳纳米管键合量的色谱柱上的保留并非由单一机理支配,而是由多种作用相互协同的结果,这使碳纳米管键合硅胶固定相在分离和固相萃取领域展现出良好的应用前景。     

苯乙酮衍生物气相色谱QSRR及其保留机理研究

以色谱热力学理论为基础,选取影响化合物色谱保留的分子结构和性质描述符号,采用MOPAC2000V1.3半经验分子轨道化学计算软件包PM3哈密顿函数算得的量化及物化参数,通过有进有出的逐步回归分析方法建立了苯乙酮衍生物在OV系列固定相上的气相色谱QSRR方程。所建立的多元回归方程相关系数均大于0.99。根据所建立的QSRR方程对苯乙酮衍生物的色谱保留机理进行了解释。     

电性拓扑态、分子形状属性研究苯砜基环烷酸酯类化合物液相色谱容量因子

1引言定量结构保留关系(QSRR)是指分子结构描述符与其色谱保留值(如气相色谱保留指数、液相色谱容量因子等,以“Se”表示)之间的数量关系。影响溶质的色谱保留值的因素主要有溶质与溶质之间、溶质与固定相之间、溶质与流动相之间的相互作用力以及测定时的外部条件(如柱温、流速     

α-氨基酸在冠醚手性固定相上定量结构-对映体保留相关性的研究

运用量子化学中的Hartree-Fock程序(6-31G基组)方法计算质子化α-氨基酸溶质的分子结构参数,借助于多元线性回归法建立了α-氨基酸对映体在冠醚手性固定相上的色谱保留与其分子结构参数之间的定量结构-对映异构体保留(QSERR)模型.结果表明,α-氨基酸光学异构体的容量因子对数(logk′)与质子化α-氨基酸溶质的分子结构描述参数之间具有较好的线性相关性.在QSERR模型中,溶质结构描述参数EHOMO, DIP, ElcE, Ang和logP具有较为明确的物理意义,这些参数反映了固定相与溶质分子之间的静电作用、π-π作用力、色散力、立体位阻和疏水作用,能较好地解释α-氨基酸对映体在联萘冠醚CSP上保留机理.建立的QSERR模型具有较好的稳定性和预测能力.     

醇类化合物热值改进剂的定量结构-色谱保留相关性研究

计算表征了醇类化合物热值改进剂的部分分子连接性指数和5个量子化学参数,同时运用多元线性回归方法对参数进行了优化筛选,在2种不同极性强弱的固定相(PH-5、RTX-WAX)上,分别建立了9种和11种醇类化合物热值改进剂的气相色谱保留值(t)与分子连接性指数和量子化学参数的定量结构-色谱保留关系(QSRR)模型。其相关系数分别为R=0.997和R22=0.971,关系式可分别表示为模型1:t1=-5.972-0.047 ET-1.857~3X_p~v和模型2:t_2=-2.409-0.034 ET,在2种固定相上的QSRR模型的建模计算值复相关系数(R)、采用留一法(leave-one-out)交互检验复相关系数(R)分别为:R_1=0.998、R_(1CV)=0.999和R_2=0.985、R_(2CV)=0.999,结果表明:模型1和模型2与色谱保留指数显著相关的分别有总能量ET、三阶分子连接性指数~3X_p~v和总能量ET,所建模型具有良好稳定性和预测能力,分子连接性指数和量子化学参数能较好地反映化合物的结构特征。     

L-异亮氨酸键合色谱固定相的制备及其性能

利用异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷与L-异亮氨酸反应合成了一种新型的硅烷偶联剂,并进一步将其与硅胶反应制得键合有L-异亮氨酸的亲水色谱固定相。 通过核磁共振氢谱表明亮氨酸功能化硅烷偶联剂的成功合成、元素分析表征证明亮氨酸已成功键合到硅胶表面。 将其作为亲水模式下的固定相填料填装在150 mm×4.6 mm不锈钢色谱柱中,以一系列经典的极性小分子作为探针,考察了这些探针分子在固定相上的色谱行为。 极性化合物的保留时间随着流动相中有机溶剂含量提高而逐渐增大,表现出典型的亲水保留特征。 进一步研究了流动相中乙腈含量、缓冲盐pH值及缓冲盐浓度等因素对分析物在固定相上的保留的影响。 在优化了相关参数后,将固定相应用于碱性化合物、水溶性维生素以及核苷类极性物质的分离当中。 在等度洗脱下,5种碱性化合物、6种水溶性维生素和8种核苷类物质分别在8、18及25 min内被成功分离。 分离结果表明了合成的L-异亮氨酸键合亲水色谱固定相具有较好的色谱性能,在极性化合物的分离上具有良好的应用前景。     

电拓扑状态预测有机磷酸酯类化合物的气相色谱保留指数

以原子类型电拓扑状态指数(ETSI)有效表征35个有机磷酸酯类化合物(OP)的分子结构, 应用基于预测的变量选择与模型化(VSMP)方法建立OP化合物在3种不同固定相上的气相色谱保留指数(RI)与分子结构(ETSI)的定量相关模型. 结果表明, 影响不同固定相上OP色谱保留的主要结构因素都是由7个ETSI描述子对应的子结构碎片, 即: ＝CH₂,≡C—, aaC—, ＝O, —O—, Cl和Br. 其中子结构aaC—, ＝O和—O与OP化合物母体骨架密切相关, 而＝CH₂,≡C—, —Cl和—Br反映支链或取代基的变化. 通过多元线性回归法建立OP化合物在三个固定相上的定量结构-保留相关模型(QSRR)发现, 各QSAR模型的估计相关系数均在0.99以上, LOO检验相关系数在0.98以上, 表明模型具有良好估计能力与稳定性. 应用28个OP训练集样本构建的QSRR模型预测外部7个检验集RI结果表明训练集模型具有良好预测能力.     

两种带有不同间隔臂的环糊精键合固定相保留行为的评价

选取14种模型化合物对两种带有不同间隔臂的环糊精键合固定相(Click Alkyl-CD、Click OEG-CD)进行了反相液相色谱模式下的保留行为评价。通过梯度洗脱条件下保留参数计算方法和CSASS软件,根据3次线性梯度的保留值数据,测出14种溶质分子在两种固定相上的保留参数,在此基础上考察流动相含乙腈浓度与保留因子的关系后发现,Click Alkyl-CD和Click OEG-CD在分离非极性和中等极性化合物时主要基于反相液相色谱模式,而某些化合物(如吲唑)在Click OEG-CD上的保留受多种作用力影响,并不基于反相液相色谱模式。疏水性评价结果表明,反相分离模式下Click Alkyl-CD的保留参数和正辛醇-水分配常数的相关性较好(R=0.7),说明其具有比较强的疏水性;而Click OEG-CD的相关性不高(R＜0.3),说明疏水作用力以外的其他作用力对化合物在反相模式下的保留影响较大。     

Comparison of retention of aromatic hydrocarbons with polar groups in binary reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography systems

The retention of aromatic hydrocarbons with polar groups has been correlated as log k1 versus log k2 for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography systems with different binary aqueous mobile phases containing methanol, acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran as modifiers. Distinct changes in separation selectivity have been observed between tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile or methanol systems. Methanol and acetonitrile systems show lower diversity of separation selectivity. The changes in retention and selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons with various polar groups between any two chromatographic systems with binary aqueous eluents (tetrahydrofuran vs. acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran vs. methanol and methanol vs. acetonitrile) have been interpreted in terms of molecular interactions of the solute with especially one component of the stationary phase region, i.e. extracted modifier, and stationary phase ordering. The ordering of the stationary phase region caused by modifier type influences the chromatographic selectivity of solutes with different molecular shape.     

Molecular modeling of quantitative structure retention relationship studies: retention behavior of polychlorinated dibenzofurans on gas chromatographic stationary phases of varying polarity by a novel molecular distance edge vector

Chemical structures of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDD) congeners are described by a novel molecular distance edge vector (VMDE), developed in our laboratory, that consists of the modified molecular distance edge parameters based on the identical group as a pseudo-atom instead of a traditional atom. Quantitative structure retention relationships (QSRRs) between the new VMDE parameters and the gas chromatographic retention behavior of PCDDs are then generated by a multiple linear regression method for nonpolar, moderately polar, and polar stationary phases. All QSRR models with a high correlation (R > 0.99) are developed for nonpolar, moderately polar, and polar columns (DB-5, SP-2100, SE-54, and OV-1701). Cross validation with the leave-one-out procedure is performed, and satisfactory results are obtained with high correlation. The obtained results show that the new VMDE vector is adapted to characterize the chemical structure and model the retention behavior of PCDDs on various polar stationary phases.     

Characterisation of stationary phases in subcritical fluid chromatography with the solvation parameter model IV. Aromatic stationary phases

The purpose of the present work was to systematically study the chromatographic behaviour of different aromatic stationary phases in a subcritical fluid mobile phase. We attempted to assess the chemical origin of the differences in retention characteristics between the different columns. Various types of aromatic stationary phases, all commercially available, were investigated. The effect of the nature of the aromatic bonding on interactions between solute and stationary phases and between solute and carbon dioxide-methanol mobile phase was studied by the use of a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER): the solvation parameter model. This study was performed to provide a greater knowledge of the properties of these phases in subcritical fluid chromatography, and to allow a more rapid and efficient choice of aromatic stationary phase in regard of the chemical nature of the solutes to be separated. Charge transfer interactions naturally contribute to the retention on all these stationary phases but are completed by various other types of interactions, depending on the nature of the aromatic group. The solvation vectors were used to compare the different phase properties. In particular, the similarities in the chromatographic behaviour of porous graphitic carbon (PGC), polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) and aromatic-bonded silica stationary phases are evidenced.     

静态GM（0,6）灰色模型在预测气相色谱保留指数上的应用

本文从麦克雷诺（ＭｃＲｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ）相常数法出发推导了五种标准物质与任意溶质ｉ的色谱保留指数之间的关系符合灰色ＧＭ（０，６）模型，对它们进行了灰色建模。获得了很高的模型精度，并根据模型式预测了涂有不同固定液色谱柱中的溶质ｉ的保留指数。通过预测值与文献值的比较，得到了良好的预测精度。     

Retention process in reversed phase TLC systems with polar bonded stationary phases

The retention of a solute in RP chromatography is a very complex process which depends on many factors. Therefore, the study of the influence of a mobile phase modifier concentration on the retention in different reversed phase chromatographic systems is very important for understanding the rules governing retention and mechanisms of substance separation in a chromatographic process. Composition changes and the nature of mobile phases enable tuning of the separated analytes' retention over a wide range of retention parameters and optimization of the chromatographic process as well. Optimization of the chromatographic process can be achieved by several different methods; one of them is the so-called interpretative strategy. The key approach adopted in this strategy is the implementation of adequate retention models that couple the retention of solute with the composition of a mixed mobile phase. The use of chemically bonded stationary phases composed of partially non-bonded silica matrix and organic ligands bonded to its surface in everyday chromatography practice leads to questions of the correct definition of the retention model and the dominant retention mechanism in such chromatographic systems. The retention model for an accurate prediction of retention factor as a function of modifier concentration and the heterogeneity of the adsorbent surface should be taken into consideration. In this work the influence of mobile-phase composition on the retention of sixteen model substances such as phenols, quinolines, and anilines used as test analytes in different RP-TLC systems with CN-, NH2-, and Diol-silica polar bonded stationary phases has been studied. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of three valuable retention models assumed as the partition, adsorption/partition, and adsorption mechanism of retention. All the models were verified for different RP-TLC systems by three statistical criteria. The results of investigations presented in this work demonstrate that the best agreement between the experimental and calculated Rf values was obtained by the use of new-generation retention models, which assume heterogeneity of adsorbent surface. The results reported here show that heterogeneity of the adsorbent surface may be important in analysis of the elution process in liquid chromatography. Consideration of the goodness of fit for the experimental data to the examined retention models is in conformity with the adsorption mechanism of retention on all polar bonded stationary phases in most eluent systems for most investigated compounds.     

Characterisation of stationary phases in subcritical fluid chromatography with the solvation parameter model. III. Polar stationary phases

In this third paper, varied types of polar stationary phases, namely silica gel (SI), cyano (CN)- and amino-propyl (NH2)-bonded silica, propanediol-bonded silica (DIOL), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), were investigated in subcritical fluid mobile phase. This study was performed to provide a greater knowledge of the properties of these phases in SFC, and to allow a more rapid and efficient choice of polar stationary phase in regard of the chemical nature of the solutes to be separated. The effect of the nature of the stationary phase on interactions between solute and stationary phases and between solute and carbon dioxide-modifier mobile phases was studied by the use of a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER), the solvation parameter model. The retention behaviour observed with sub/supercritical fluid with carbon dioxide-methanol is close to the one reported in normal-phase liquid chromatography with hexane. The hydrogen bond acidity and basicity, and the polarity/polarizability favour the solute retention when the molar volume of the solute reduces it. As with non-polar phases, the absence of water in the subcritical fluid allows the solute/stationary phase interactions to play a greater part in the retention behaviour. As expected, the DIOL phase and the bare silica display a similar behaviour towards acidic and basic solutes, when interactions with basic compounds are lower with the NH2 phase. On the CN phase, all interactions (hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and charge transfer) have a nearly equivalent weight on the retention. The polymeric phases, PEG and PVA, provide the most accurate models, possibly due to their better surface homogeneity.