有机化学实验在线开放课程设计的探索与实践

针对以往有机化学实验教学中存在的问题及学生所反映的改进期望,在有机化学实验在线开放课程的开发中,充分利用在线课程与网络教育平台,制作了针对性的教学微视频课程和相应的课件,建立了一套完整的测试模式与题库。通过考测机制,促进和强化学生的实验课前预习。而学生在充分预习的基础上,实现实验预习–现象记录–实验报告完整规范化和一体化,相应提高了学习效率。同时,建立了一套相对客观的成绩评估体系并取得了积极的成果。     

SemanticEye: a semantic web application to rationalize and enhance chemical electronic publishing

SemanticEye, an ontology with associated tools, improves the classification and open accessibility of chemical information in electronic publishing. In a manner analogous to digital music management, RDF metadata encoded as Adobe XMP can be extracted from a variety of document formats, such as PDF, and managed in an RDF repository called Sesame. Users upload electronic documents containing XMP to a central server by "dropping" them into WebDAV folders. The documents can then be navigated in a Web browser via their metadata, and multiple documents containing identical metadata can then be aggregated. SemanticEye does not actually store any documents. By including unique identifiers within the XMP, such as the DOI, associated documents can be retrieved from the Web with the help of resolving agents. The power of this metadata driven approach is illustrated by including, within the XMP, InChI identifiers for molecular structures and finding relationships between articles based on their InChIs. SemanticEye will become increasingly more comprehensive as usage becomes more widespread. Furthermore, following the Semantic Web architecture enables the reuse of open software tools, provides a "semantically intuitive" alternative to search engines, and fosters a greater sense of trust in Web-based scientific information.     

有机化学实验线上教学对科研素养的培养——兴趣、“家中实验室”与化学思维培养

When the course was online this semester because of the outbreak of COVID-19, we explored a way to help students thinking as a chemist via home lab. We focused on the student-centered teaching method instead of the teacher-centered one, which was named as "I-Think-Talk-Do it myself" and "You talk-I do", respectively. It is demonstrated that home lab is an efficient way to raise students' interest in chemistry and improve their research abilities, including the abilities to summarize literatures, design and optimize an experiment, observe, identify and solve problems. The teaching results and the feedback from students were also discussed.     

Recent developments in MoS2-based flexible supercapacitors

In the modern world, miniaturization of electronic devices for various applications is becoming more common. In particular, the development of flexible energy storage devices have received much attention since they have a superior role in the development of newer technologies such as in public wearables, portable electronic devices, and electronic skin proceeds. Considering the high power density, long cycle life, and shelf life as well as outstanding mechanical strength, flexible supercapacitors are one of the integral parts of these new technologies. In the recent past, researchers have developed innumerable nanomaterials to develop supercapacitors. Among these, MoS₂ has received much attention due to its several physical and chemical properties, which are more favorable for energy storage applications. Their sheet-like structure, high surface-to-volume ratio, ease of synthesis, flexibility, high mechanical strength, and pseudocapacitive storage mechanism make them potential candidates for flexible storage applications similar to graphene. This review provides recent applications and scope of MoS₂ in flexible supercapacitors in both composite forms with other carbon nanomaterials, metal oxides, and polymers as well as MoS₂ itself. Also, we will discuss some MoS₂-based self-standing devices, which can generate and store energy in a single device.     

CHEMFILE: an in-house information system for the chemical indexing of Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants (HEEP)

The inclusion of a Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number index in HEEP has led to the need for a special database designed to link substance names with their appropriate CAS chemical compound Registry Numbers. Begun in 1968 as a tape record with batch mode updates and few record modification capabilities, the information system, which we call CHEMFILE, has evolved to its current form of disk storage with on-line access for file maintenance.     

浅析高校化学实验室废弃物的综合处理

化学实验室的环境污染问题不容忽视,必须防患于未然。实验过程中产生各种废气、废水和固体废物等污染物,对人体的危害极大。本文分析了目前我国高校化学实验室"三废"污染的现状,简单阐明了造成化学实验室环境污染的主要原因,同时提出了实验室污染的防治措施。     

Membrane Microreactors for the On-Demand Generation,Separation, and Reaction of Gases

The use of gases as reagents in organic synthesis can be very challenging, particularly at a laboratory scale. This Concept takes into account recent studies to make the case that gases can indeed be efficiently and safely formed from relatively inexpensive commercially available reagents for use in a wide range of organic transformations. In particular, we argue that the exploitation of continuous flow membrane reactors enables the effective separation of the chemistry necessary for gas formation from the chemistry for gas consumption, with these two stages often containing incompatible chemistry. The approach outlined eliminates the need to store and transport excessive amounts of potentially toxic, reactive or explosive gases. The on-demand generation, separation and reaction of a number of gases, including carbon monoxide, diazomethane, trifluoromethyl diazomethane, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and formaldehyde, is discussed.     

A data-oriented approach to making new molecules as a student experiment: artificial intelligence-enabling FAIR publication of NMR data for organic esters

The lack of machine-readable data is a major obstacle in the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in artificial intelligence (AI). As a way to overcome this, a procedure for capturing primary NMR spectroscopic instrumental data annotated with rich metadata and publication in a Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) data repository is described as part of an undergraduate student laboratory experiment in a chemistry department. This couples the techniques of chemical synthesis of a never before made organic ester with illustration of modern data management practices and serves to raise student awareness of how FAIR data might improve research quality and replicability. Searches of the registered metadata are shown, which enable actionable finding and accessing of such data. The potential for re-use of the data in AI applications is discussed.     

物理化学实验研究型教学改革与实践

针对不同专业学科发展需要,设计体现具有我校学科特色的物理化学实验教学内容和教学模式。培养学生以科研的状态进入到实验中,鼓励学生独立设计方案,提出问题,分析问题并解决问题,充分激发学生主动性和积极性,改进考核机制,有利于创新思维培养。以科研论文的形式总结实验,体现物理化学实验课程对实际应用和科研工作的指导作用。通过以上实践,实现从实践中来到实践中去的能力培养目标,充分发挥物理化学实验教学在培养一流创新性研究型专业人才中的重要作用。     

NOP – Ein neues organischchemisches Grundpraktikum: Nachhaltigkeit per Internet

The sustainable organic chemistry lab course for the new milennium (NOP) makes use of the possibilities that an interactive website provides compared to a conventional lab course published as a textbook or manual. The prospective synthetic chemist can thus gain a more in‐depth understanding of his/her experiments. Detailed information about analytical methods, background information about the sub‐ stances being used and being formed during the experiment and “management ratios” like substance efficiency and energy efficiency are provided. Last but not least, knowledge about the concept “sustainable development” is being adapted to the domain of synthetic chemistry.     

Nanomaterials for rechargeable lithium batteries

Energy storage is more important today than at any time in human history. Future generations of rechargeable lithium batteries are required to power portable electronic devices (cellphones, laptop computers etc.), store electricity from renewable sources, and as a vital component in new hybrid electric vehicles. To achieve the increase in energy and power density essential to meet the future challenges of energy storage, new materials chemistry, and especially new nanomaterials chemistry, is essential. We must find ways of synthesizing new nanomaterials with new properties or combinations of properties, for use as electrodes and electrolytes in lithium batteries. Herein we review some of the recent scientific advances in nanomaterials, and especially in nanostructured materials, for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.     

基础分析化学实验课程中开展自主实验的探究

分析化学是化学的重要分支,分析化学实验教学在本科生化学教育中有着重要的位置。自主实验已经普遍应用到实验教学的实践中,对于药学等非化学专业在基础课程中开展自主实验也有重要意义,同时适合进行实验教学方法的研究。在基础实验课程的有限学时里开展自主实验,是一项有挑战的实践,文章对在实验内容选择、课程分析、助教培训等方面的探究进行了介绍,以及强调安全教育与保障是开展实验教学的必要条件,并介绍了进一步的教学实践设想。     

Hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposite materials for application in solid state electrochemical supercapacitors

Integration into a conducting polymer matrix to form a hybrid material is an effective way to harness the electrochemical activity of nanosized oxide clusters. By anchoring them into polyaniline, the reversible redox chemistry of the otherwise soluble polyoxometalate clusters can be combined with that of the conducting polymer and be put to work in energy storage applications. We present here preliminary results that show how the resulting hybrid polymer displays the combined activity of its organic and inorganic components to store and release charge in a solid state electrochemical capacitor device.     

A searching and reporting system for relational databases using a graph-based metadata representation

Relational databases are the current standard for storing and retrieving data in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. However, retrieving data from a relational database requires specialized knowledge of the database schema and of the SQL query language. At Anadys, we have developed an easy-to-use system for searching and reporting data in a relational database to support our drug discovery project teams. This system is fast and flexible and allows users to access all data without having to write SQL queries. This paper presents the hierarchical, graph-based metadata representation and SQL-construction methods that, together, are the basis of this system's capabilities.     

Control system of stockers in radioisotopes storage room using a personal computer

This paper describes a control system of stockers for radioactive source in storage room at laboratory for tracer experiment. The system is composed of a personal computer, a locker controller, three card readers, a monitor TV, and a video tape recorder (VTR). The personal computer controls other equipment with a registered user's number. When a user inserts an identification card into the card reader, the computer memorizes assigned gate number, the user's number and the time; it processes those data and prints out a document. The locker controller releases the electric key of user's locker which is designated by the computer. The VTR records the person entering into the storage room to identity if he uses his card. This system proved to effectively prevent intrusion into the storage room of an unregistered person or to use carelessly other user's source; in addition it can record precisely the stock of radioactive source.     

综合化学实验模块化教学的尝试——以钛铁矿的综合利用为例

将综合实验"钛铁矿的综合利用"划分成若干个模块,并留有扩展的空间,可根据专业不同、教学层次不同和实验时间长短的不同自由选择其中的模块,达到各自特色的教学目的。     

全新设计的现代高分子化学实验课程建设

理科院系高分子化学实验教学发展缓慢,急需紧跟学科发展的前沿、注入新鲜而实用的内容。全新设计建设的现代高分子化学实验覆盖众多传统实验课鲜有涉及、但在科研中极为重要的前沿理念与技术,旨在提高学生科研素养和对学科前沿的把握能力,其成功开发为理科院系针对创新型人才培养的高分子化学实验提出了全新思路。     

Calcium Carbide: A Unique Reagent for Organic Synthesis and Nanotechnology

Acetylene, HC≡CH, is one of the primary building blocks in synthetic organic and industrial chemistry. Several highly valuable processes have been developed based on this simplest alkyne and the development of acetylene chemistry has had a paramount impact on chemical science over the last few decades. However, in spite of numerous useful possible reactions, the application of gaseous acetylene in everyday research practice is rather limited. Moreover, the practical implementation of high‐pressure acetylene chemistry can be very challenging, owing to the risk of explosion and the requirement for complex equipment; special safety precautions need to be taken to store and handle acetylene under high pressure, which limit its routine use in a standard laboratory setup. Amazingly, recent studies have revealed that calcium carbide, CaC₂, can be used as an easy‐to‐handle and efficient source of acetylene for in situ chemical transformations. Thus, calcium carbide is a stable and inexpensive acetylene precursor that is available on the ton scale and it can be handled with standard laboratory equipment. The application of calcium carbide in organic synthesis will bring a new dimension to the powerful acetylene chemistry.