聚拉莫三嗪修饰玻碳电极测定痕量铜(Ⅱ)的研究

在稀H2SO4介质中,采用循环伏安法制备了聚拉莫三嗪膜修饰玻碳电极(PLTG/GCE),将制得的膜修饰电极(PLTG/GCE)在一定电位下选择性预富集Cu(Ⅱ),并用差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定.结果表明,该膜修饰电极对Cu(Ⅱ)的富集作用明显强于裸玻碳电极.对电聚合条件、富集和溶出介质、富集时间及富集电位等实验参数进行了考察,在优化实验条件下,Cu(Ⅱ)的浓度在4.0×10-9～1.3×10-7mol· L-1范围内与溶出峰电流呈线性关系,相关系数为0.9999,检出限为1.5×10-9 mol·L-1.该修饰电极具有较高的灵敏度和选择性,用于实际水样的分析,平均回收率为98.7％.     

电聚合β-环糊精修饰电极的制备及其对铜离子的检测

采用循环伏安法(CV),由β-环糊精(β-CD)单体在玻碳电极(GCE)表面电聚合制得聚β-CD膜修饰电极(β-CD/GCE)。实验表明,β-CD/GCE对Cu2+具有明显的电催化作用,在pH=5.85的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,Cu2+浓度与其峰电流在4.01×10-4～1.05×10-7 mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为:ip=-1.975c-1.336×10-4(i:A,c:mol·L-1),相关系数R=0.9981,检出限(S/N=3)为5.03×10-8mol·L-1。方法应用于实际样品测定,回收率在98.0%～103%之间。     

聚苯胺纳米管/壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极循环伏安法测定阿米卡星

将1.0g·L~(-1)聚苯胺纳米管-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液和1.0g·L~(-1)壳聚糖乙酸溶液以1比50的比例混合,并超声处理1h后滴涂在玻碳电极表面,制得聚苯胺纳米管/壳聚糖修饰电极(记为PANT′s/CTS/GCE)。采用循环伏安法研究了阿米卡星在聚苯胺纳米管/壳聚糖修饰电极上的电化学行为。试验结果表明:在pH5.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,阿米卡星在聚苯胺纳米管/壳聚糖修饰电极于-0.2V处出现一个不可逆的还原峰,且还原峰电流与阿米卡星的质量浓度在10.0～80.0mg·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为8.0mg·L~(-1)。应用此法测定注射液中阿米卡星的含量,测定结果与分光光度法测定值相一致。     

基于固体酶催化反应电化学测定酶含量

提出了以固体辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)对过氧化氢氧化邻苯二胺的催化作用为基础的测定HRP及其标记物的电化学方法.测定中以Au-Pt/PAN/GCE为工作电极,并详细叙述其制备过程.将一定浓度的HRP按规定方法固定在上述修饰电极上制得HRP/Au-Pt/PAN/GCE修饰电极,将此电极浸入含5.0×10-3mol·L-1邻苯二胺及2.5×10-3mol·L-1过氧化氢的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 5.0)中,反应10 min后将电极取出,记录溶液中酶催化反应产物的方波伏安峰及峰电流.结果表明:酶催化反应前,底物在工作电极上于-0.488 V(vs.SCE)处有明显的还原峰,在酶催化反应后,在-0.584 V处出现一个更大的还原峰,电位负移160 mV,且峰电流明显增大.峰电流值(Ip)与修饰在Au-Pt/PAN/GCE电极上的HRP的含量在1.0×10-2～2.0×102μg·L-1之间呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为3.0 ng·L-1.     

亚硝酸根和L-色氨酸在多壁碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯和羧甲基壳聚糖修饰的玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其含量测定

将氧化石墨烯(GO)、多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)和羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)超声混合后滴涂到玻碳电极(GCE)基体上得到修饰电极(MWNTs/GO/CMCS/GCE),采用循环伏安法(CV)考察NO2-和L-色氨酸(L-Trp)在修饰电极上的电化学行为。计算得MWNTs/GO/CMCS/GCE的有效面积为3.243 0×10-6cm2,电极膜表面积明显增加,加速了电子转移,有利于被测物质的吸附和富集。结果表明:NO2-(在pH 4.7磷酸盐缓冲溶液中)和L-Trp(在pH 4.0乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中)在该修饰电极上分别有明显的电催化氧化作用;两者的浓度依次在1.0×10-7~3.5×10-1 mol·L-1和1.0×10-8~2.7×10-1 mol·L-1内与其相应的氧化峰电流值之间呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)依次为1.2×10-8,5.0×10-8 mol·L-1。方法用于腐败生菜中NO2-含量和模拟样品中L-Trp含量的CV测定,所得测定结果分别与紫外-可见分光光度法和荧光光度法的测定结果相符。     

壳聚糖-铜复合物修饰电极对过氧化氢电催化性能的研究

将壳聚糖与铜盐通过配位结合制得壳聚糖-铜复合物(CTS-Cu),并用其修饰玻碳电极,使用循环伏安法和计时安培法研究了该修饰电极对H2O2的电催化性能,对其催化机理进行了探讨.优化的实验条件为:以0.1 mol/L.磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS,pH 7.0)为反应介质,CTS-Cu修饰液中的铜离子浓度为6 mmol/L,工作电...     

富勒烯修饰电极微分脉冲伏安法测定盐酸克伦特罗

将1.08mg富勒烯(C60)分散在10mL二氯甲烷中,取40μL悬浮液滴涂在玻碳电极表面,吹干后在1mol·L-1氢氧化钾溶液中进行活化,制得C60修饰电极。用循环伏安法研究了修饰电极的电化学行为。结果表明:经氢氧化钾处理后的修饰电极,在5mmol·L-1铁氰化钾溶液中,可见一对准可逆的氧化还原峰,且峰电流显著高于在裸玻碳电极和未处理电极上的峰电流。据此提出了用微分脉冲伏安法测定盐酸克伦特罗的方法。盐酸克伦特罗的浓度在0.1～20μmol·L-1范围内与其氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为3.26×10-2μmol·L-1。方法用于尿样分析,回收率在99.5%～110%之间。     

有序介孔碳-壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定痕量钯(Ⅱ)

将有序介孔碳(OMC)分散于壳聚糖(CTS)溶液中,修饰在玻碳电极表面,制成有序介孔碳-壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极(OMC-CTS-GCE),研究了钯(Ⅱ)在该电极上的电化学行为,探讨了电极反应机理,对测定条件进行了一系列优化,提出了一种测定痕量钯(Ⅱ)的方法。在0.1mol·L-1乙酸钠-0.1mol·L-1的盐酸缓冲溶液中(p H=4.5),钯(Ⅱ)在OMC-CTS-GCE电极上,于0.49 V处产生一灵敏的溶出峰,峰电流与钯(Ⅱ)的浓度在2.0×10-6~1.8×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为1.5×10-6mol·L-1,方法应用于矿样中痕量钯(Ⅱ)的测定,结果同火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)的测定结果基本一致。     

壳聚糖-纳米金-葡萄糖氧化酶生物传感器的制备及其应用于葡萄糖的测定

采用了一种简便快捷的电沉积方法制备了壳聚糖-纳米金复合膜并应用于葡萄糖生物传感器的构建.氯金酸和壳聚糖的混合液在玻碳电极表面电化学还原为金纳米粒子,再将葡萄糖氧化酶通过戊二醛交联的方式固定在纳米金复合膜修饰的玻碳电极表面,制成一种新型的葡萄糖氧化酶生物传感器.该传感器对葡萄糖的响应十分快速,在5 S内即达到平衡.测定葡萄糖的线性范围为20μmol·L-1～5 mmol·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为12μmol·L-1.     

血红蛋白修饰粉末微电极的电化学行为及其在NO检测中的应用

制备并研究了使用表面活性剂DDAB和血红蛋白(Hb)修饰的粉末微电极(DDAB Hb PME)的电化学行为.结果表明,Hb于该修饰电极表面的表观载量较之文献报道提高了近3个数量级.在DDAB Hb PME电极上,Hb的氧化/还原过程转移的质子数为1.NO能在DDAB Hb PME电极表面富集,利用DDAB Hb PME电极检测溶液中的NO,可以明显提高电极的输出性能,测量灵敏度为3.1mA/μmol·L-1cm2,明显大于文献报道值(0.001～0.02mA/μmol·L-1·cm2).相应的线性检测范围为9～100nmol·L-1,检测下限达到9nmol·L-1,并可完全消除溶液中共存的抗坏血酸和尿酸对检测的干扰.     

Glucose

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Glucose Biosensor Using Glucose Oxidase Immobilized in Polyaniline

A biosensor for glucose utilizing kinetics of glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4.) was developed. The enzyme was immobilized on polyaniline by covalent bonding, using glutaraldehyde as a bifunctional agent. The system showed a linear response up to 2.2 mM of glucose with a response time of 2.5–4.0 min. In addition, the immobilized enzyme had a higher activity between pH 6.5 and 7.5. The system retained 50% of its activity after 30 d of daily use. The optical absorption spectra of the polyaniline/glucose oxidase electrode after glucose had been added to the buffer solution showed that the absorption band around 800 nm had changed considerably when glucose was allowed to react with the electrode. This optical variation makes polyaniline a very promising polymer for use as a support in optical sensor for clinical application.     

Immobilized Glucose Oxidase in the Potentiometric Detection of Glucose

Previous work has shown that glucose oxidase can be immobilized on platinum to give an electrode that responds potentiometrically to glucose over the clinically useful range of about 10-250 mg glucose/100 mL. The present studies were carried out with electrochemically pretreated platinum and with gold or porous graphite substituted for the platinum support. The presence of the enzyme gave a significantly enhanced potentiometric response over that obtained with the bare support for both the pretreated platinum and the porous graphite, but not with gold. However, with platinum the potentiometric response became more negative with increasing glucose concentration. With porous graphite, the potential changed in the positive direction as the glucose concentration was increased. Hysteresis was demonstrated for the platinum-enzyme electrode. Mass transfer measurements with a rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE) showed measurable diffusional resistances to the transport of a model electroactive compound (potassium ferrocyanide) through a matrix of immobilized enzyme attached to the disc of the RRDE. These results are part of a larger study to define the source of the potentiometric response by examining the roles of the support and the mass transfer resistances through the immobilized enzyme matrix.     

Nad Determination By Using A Glucose Dehydrogenase Based Glucose Probe

Abstract

This study describes the determination of NAD by using a glucose based enzyme carbon probe. Linear sweep voltammetric and constant potential studies were carried out in order to choose the best parameters for NAD analysis. The enzyme GDH has been used in solution first and then immobilized on the probe surface. Results indicate NAD can be detected in concentrations of 10^?6 Mol/1 with a good precision.     

葡萄糖氧化酶共价交联于蛋膜上的葡萄糖传感器

以牛血清白蛋白－戊二醛为交联剂，将葡萄糖氧化酶固定地鸡蛋膜上，氧电极作电化学敏感元件，制成葡萄糖氧化酶电极。传感器的响应范围为４．０×１０＾－６－２．４×１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ；检测限为１．２１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。该传感器具有线性范围宽，灵敏度高，使用寿命长等优点。     

电化学葡萄糖传感器

作为电化学生物传感器中最重要的研究内容之一,葡萄糖生物传感器在数十年的发展中取得了巨大进展。本文综述了近年来利用纳米技术设计的新型电化学葡萄糖传感器的主要研究进展,并从纳米材料维度分类进行了讨论。其中,零维纳米材料主要讨论了包括金纳米颗粒、银纳米颗粒以及铜、铂等金属纳米颗粒材料; 一维纳米材料主要讨论了通过模板法制备的金属或金属氧化物纳米线以及单臂或者多壁纳米管材料; 二维纳米材料主要总结了以碳为基础的石墨烯材料和一些片状的金属材料。纳米材料对电化学葡萄糖传感器的影响主要集中在生物相容性、增强检测灵敏度、酶的固定等方面。此外,本文也对电化学葡萄糖传感器的今后发展做了展望。     

Glucose im Blut

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Permanganometrie von Glucose

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Mediated Bioelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Glucose on a Glucose Oxidase-Containing Composite

A composite material, which includes glucose oxidase (GOD), finely divided colloidal graphite, ferrocene, and Nafion, is developed and investigated. Kinetic parameters of redox conversions of GOD and flavin adenine dinucleotide, which is present in the active center of GOD, indicate that GOD in the composite retains molecular integrity and enzymic activity. Ferrocene in the composite undergoes reversible oxidation and is reduced on the electrode. Bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of glucose on the composite occurs via a mediator path, and the half-wave potential of a polarization curve recorded on the electrode in the presence of glucose coincides with the redox potential of ferrocene, which is equal to 0.32 V (Ag/AgCl). Effect of the ferrocene amount in the composite and the glucose concentration in the bulk solution on the glucose oxidation is studied. The results are used to optimize the composite's composition to ensure a stable operation of the enzyme electrode and effective glucose oxidation.