不同方法提取菟丝子微量元素Fe，Mn和Mg的比较研究

为比较不同提取方法对菟丝子中微量元素含量的影响,采用酸式提取法、碱式提取法、沸水提取法及超声提取法对中药菟丝子中的微量元素进行提取,用原子吸收分光光度法测定了提取液中微量元素铁、锰和镁的含量并进行了比较。结果表明,4种提取方法对微量元素的溶出率由高到低顺序为：铁-酸提,超提,碱提,沸提;锰-酸提,超提,沸提,碱提。镁酸提,沸提,超提,碱提。     

Comparation of Different Extraction Methods for Trace Elements Fe, Mn and Mg

为比较不同提取方法对菟丝子中微量元素含量的影响,采用酸式提取法、碱式提取法、沸水提取法及超声提取法对中药菟丝子中的微量元素进行提取,用原子吸收分光光度法测定了提取液中微量元素铁、锰和镁的含量并进行了比较.结果表明,4种提取方法对微量元素的溶出率由高到低顺序为:铁—酸提,超提,碱提,沸提;锰—酸提,超提,沸提,碱提.镁—酸提,沸提,超提,碱提.     

桔梗等中药微量元素初探

对中药桔梗、怀牛膝,华山参、鹿角胶,龟甲胶及阿胶进行了微量元素研究。结果发现：同一种中药因产地不同,其微量元素的含量不同。同一种植物药,其部位不同,所含微量元素多少不等。同一类型的中药,其品种、来源不同,微量元素的含量高低也不相同。本研究为今后对这些中药进行真伪鉴别,合理开发或综合利用都提供了科学的依据。     

植物类中药中微量元素的因子分析和聚类分析

尝试利用化学计量学方法探讨微量元素含量与中药药性的相关性。对１０５味植物类中药４２种微量元素测定数据用因子分析和聚类分析进行了多因素分析。因子分析证实了一个１０因子模型合理解释这些微量元素间的相关关系；样本聚类分析证明了１０５株中药合理地聚类成不同组；     

中药化州橘红乙酸乙酯提取物中微量元素的分布及含量

以乙酸乙酯为溶剂萃取分离了中药化州橘红水煎液的有机成分；测定了提取物中元素的分布及含量，分析了不同微量元素在提取物中富集程度的差别。并由此说明了中药微量元素与中药所含的有机成分是有密切关系的。     

降脂中药微量元素的主成分分析和聚类分析

探讨降脂中药中微量元素的种类和含量与其药用价值的相关性。以常用的10种降脂中药作为研究对象,采用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)对其所含微量元素进行测定,运用化学计量学方法中的主成分分析和聚类分析方法进行信息解析。主成分分析结果表明,前4个主因子含有降脂类中药微量元素含量88.96%的信息。根据主成分得分图和聚类分析谱图,可将10种中药分为两类。找出了与每类中药相关性密切的微量元素,解释了10种中药之间的相似性与差异。通过主成分分析和聚类分析初步揭示出10种降脂中药的微量元素与其功效存在相关性,为该类中药的开发提供了科学依据和理论基础。     

不同产地道地中药中元素含量的比较研究

研究了中药中微量元素Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｒ含量与产地的关系，结果表明，产地是影响中药中元素含量差异，也是影响中药质量的重要因素。     

中药微量元素含量区间尺最佳分级问题的探讨

在深入研究中药微量元素含量区间尺的基础上，从统计学角度对区间尺的最佳分级问题作了详细探讨，提出用5级区间尺来衡量中药中不同元素含量间相对高低水平，理论上更合理。     

通草类中药微量元素的主成分分析和聚类分析

探讨通草类中药材中微量元素含量与其功效间的相关性。以微量元素含量为指标,运用主成分分析和聚类分析对11种通草类中药的微量元素进行分析。主成分分析结果表明前3个主因子含有通草类中药材微量元素含量84.50%的信息。利用3个主因子模型和聚类分析谱图,解释了11种通草类中药中药的相似性与差异。利用主成分分析和聚类分析法初步得出11种通草类中药的微量元素与其功效存在相关性,为该类中草药的开发利用提供了科学依据和理论基础。     

中国的中药微量元素研究I．微量元素：一切中药的基本成分

上世纪80年代开始,在中国开展了大规模的中药微量元素研究活动。30多年来的实践证明,微量元素是一切中药的基本成分;微量元素是中药有效药成分的核心组分;微量元素是中药性效量化的物质基础;微量元素是沟通中药传统理论与现代化学物理理论的桥梁。从中药微量元素含量的测定及中药微量元素与中药药效关系初探两个方面论述微量元素是一切中药的基本成分。     

树舌及提取物中锗含量分析

采用分光光度法测定了辽宁产树舌及不同方法提取中锗元素的含量。结果表明,树舌中含有较丰富的锗,且不同提物中锗含量亦不相同,这为中药炮制选择合理工艺提供了参考依据。     

Determination of diffusible and total hydrogen concentration in coated and uncoated steel using melt and solid extraction techniques: Part I

It is essentially to know the bulk hydrogen concentration in various types of steel because it indicates the amount of hydrogen that can be trapped by the different alloys of steel. This information leads to more knowledge about the interactions of steel alloys with hydrogen containing environment and stability of the steel material during usage. To get this information precise analytical methods are necessary.Although the analytical methods for the determination of hydrogen in steel samples are often discussed, there are no sufficient systematic studies as far as the influence of the sample preparation on the analytical value is concerned.The influence of different sample preparation methods on the hydrogen determination in steel at parts per million levels by melting extracting methods has been investigated in this work. The hydrogen was measured by thermal conductivity and infrared detection. The flat sheet samples were zinc coated and uncoated ferritic types of steel. The zinc coating was removed by chemical (acid etching) and physical (paper scraping) methods. Dichloromethane acetone/ethanol, tetrachloromethane and alkaline steel cleaner (Ridoline C72) have been used for cleaning the surface of uncoated samples. The results of the total hydrogen content obtained by applying the different methods were evaluated.     

An efficient microwave assisted extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential of Ginkgo biloba

Flavonoid glycosides are a significant group of compounds found in Ginkgo biloba leaves, but the long extraction procedures in existing methods are a challenging problem. In this work, a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed for extracting bioactive compounds from G. biloba. Several variables were optimized, such as extracting solvent, microwave power, and extraction time that can potentially affect the extraction yield. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays) and flavonoid glycosides of different extracts using RP-HPLC were assessed. The antioxidant capacity was found to be highest with MAE using 60% aq. ethanol as extracting solvent and microwave power of 120W for 20 min.     

河豚鱼脂肪酸的气相色谱—质谱分析

采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ技术对２种河豚鱼（黄鳍、红鳍）脂肪提取物中的脂肪酸进行定性定量分析，共鉴别出２４种脂肪酸。多不饱和脂肪酸尤其是二十二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ）的含量很高，在黄猪中相对含量达３２．３２％，在红鳍中达２４．１１％。检出了在其它海产品中较少发现的１５－二十四烯酸（神经酸），是人体生长发育不可缺少的一种脂肪酸。对鱼肉脂肪提取方法及不同极性毛细管柱分离情况进行了讨论。     

Swelling Behavior of pH-Sensitive Copolymers Containing 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl Propane Sulfonic Acid and Acrylic Acid Crosslinked with Vinyl Trimethoxy Silane Crosslinker

Copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid and acrylic acid were crosslinked in the presence of different mol% of either vinyl trimethoxy silane (VTMS) as the crosslinking agent under acidic conditions or N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker using solution radical polymerization. The resultant xerogels were characterized by extracting the soluble fractions and measuring the equilibrium water content. Soluble fractions of the crosslinked networks were reduced by varying the MBA and VTMS concentrations. The surface morphology of the crosslinked polymers was observed by scanning electron microscope. The influence of pH on the swelling behavior of gels was investigated. The swelling behaviors of the resulting gels show pH sensitivity.     

Optimization of parameters for the analysis of aromatic amines in finger-paints

A study for the optimisation of the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of some aromatic amines (4-chloro-o-toluidine, 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl and benzidine) in finger-paints was conducted. The influence of different variables related to the technique on recoveries was investigated. The analytes were subsequently analysed by gas chromatography after SFE. The study allowed the estimation of four main factors (temperature, pressure, static time and volume of modifier) on recoveries by the use of a two-level factor design, where most significant parameters as well as second- and third-order interactions were identified. Other factors, such as type and volume of modifier and time of contact between the spiker solution and the sample prior to extraction, were also studied. The influence of matrix on extraction recovery was also evaluated by applying the method to different finger-paints, and recoveries were similar or even higher in some cases. The drying process of samples was also studied, while classical drying in an oven and microwaves were compared, with similar efficiencies in both methods. The method was validated by extracting the aromatic amines from some commercial finger-paints.     

Comparison of five extraction methods for measuring PCBs,PBDEs, organochlorine pesticides,and lipid content in serum

An increasing number of studies use blood obtained noninvasively to monitor organohalogen contaminants; however, blood can be difficult to analyze because of its aqueous nature and high protein content. We compared five methods for extracting polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides, and lipids from serum using National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1589a PCBs, Pesticides, PBDEs, and Dioxins/Furans in Human Serum. Liquid:liquid (LLE), cavity-dispersed microwave-assisted (MAE), focused microwave-assisted (FME), solid-phase (SPE), and pressurized fluid (PFE) extraction techniques were compared. FME extraction yielded the optimal recovery of internal standards (IS). All methods resulted in similar contaminant concentrations that also agreed with the certified values for SRM 1589a, except for only a few compounds measured by methods other than FME. Based on these findings, the FME method was determined to be the best overall extraction method. One procedural factor was found to affect contaminant concentrations; use of IS carrier solvents that were immiscible with serum (or when the serum was not directly physically mixed with IS) resulted in a 30% underestimation of organohalogen concentrations. This study offers valid, novel extraction alternatives beyond traditional methods (e.g., LLE) for blood contaminant measurements. Figure       

直读光谱法测定合金工具钢中铬、锰和钼

建立了ARL-4460直读光谱仪对Cr12、Cr12MoV中铬、锰、钼元素的快速检测方法。使用基体铁作为内标元素,测定标准样品中铬、锰、钼元素的相对强度,减少了外界电压不稳对绝对强度稳定性的影响;由于标准样品中基体铁含量不同,为减少内标元素含量的变化对工作曲线相关系数和估计标准差的影响,使用相对含量校正工作曲线。在优化的实验条件下,试样中三种元素的相对标准偏差分别为0.68%、0.79%和1.7%(n=11)。测定结果与化学分析方法测定结果一致,可实现合金工具钢中铬、锰和钼的快速检测。     

Importance of extracting solvent vapor pressure in headspace liquid-phase microextraction

Of the many parameters that affect the enrichment factors in headspace liquid-phase microextraction, in this study, we systematically investigated the influence of the vapor pressure of the extracting solvent. Seven extracting solvents with different vapor pressures were selected and tested. It was found that the vapor pressure of the extracting solvent dramatically affects the enrichment factor and the factor was increasing by decreasing the extracting solvent vapor pressure under given experimental conditions. The result was validated for volatile organic compounds such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls.     

Influence of drying method and precipitated salts on pyrolysis for nanocelluloses

The influence of bulk density and drying method on pyrolysis behavior was studied by focusing on the salt content within the nanocellulose (NC) materials. The thermogravimetric curves for NC materials were found to be almost identical between the different bulk densities via the various drying methods. It was therefore concluded that the bulk density and drying method of NC materials had little influence on pyrolysis behavior. By quantitating the remaining salt content within the sulfate-introduced cellulose nanocrystal materials, we discriminated between the sulfate groups bonded onto cellulose and precipitated sulfate from the solvent. The precipitated sulfate was found to accelerate the pyrolysis of NCs in common with the bonded sulfate groups, but in a different rate. These two types of sulfate within the NC materials should have the different catalytic ability on the dehydration of cellulose.