数字化手持技术实验在高中化学课堂教学中的应用研究

主要将数字化手持技术实验和高中化学课堂教学相整合, 重点研究数字化手持技术实验在高中化学课堂教学中的1个应用实例: 运用数字化手持技术实验系统改进"探究影响Fe3+水解的因素"实验, 并提出行之有效的课堂教学设计方案, 探索数字化手持技术实验在高中化学课堂教学中的应用方法.     

“中学化学手持技术数字化实验案例”的多维分析*——以钱扬义工作室20年研究的期刊论文为例

以华南师范大学钱扬义工作室20年研究的“中学化学手持技术数字化实验案例”的36篇期刊论文为例,从实验主题、实验设计和实验价值等3个维度,使用内容分析法探讨手持技术实验案例的情况。研究发现:(1)实验案例共有28个实验主题,包括各年级、各知识模块的重要内容,聚焦22个重要的学科核心概念,对学生认识发展具有启发性。(2)29个实验案例设计为相互对照实验,27个实验案例使用1种传感器,总结形成7环节实验案例开发方式。(3)实验案例的实验价值包括“曲线表征”“概念形成”“概念转变”认识价值,主要以“概念形成”为认识价值取向,促进学生破解概念认知难点。对未来的手持技术实验案例研究作出展望。     

利用手持技术数字化实验测定中和反应化学计量比*

化学计量比在中学教学及实际生产中有着重要应用,本研究针对化学计量比概念教学存在的不足,以手持技术TQVC概念认知模型为理论依据,设计实验测定中和反应的化学计量比。基于等摩尔连续变化法,本实验借助温度传感器测定不同物质的量之比反应物反应后的温度变化数据,找出最大温度变化差值对应的反应物物质的量之比,即化学计量比,帮助学生从定量的角度理解化学计量比概念。     

化学“四重表征”教学模式的理论建构与实践研究——从15年数字化手持技术实验研究的回顾谈起

回顾15年数字化手持技术实验研究中对“曲线表征”定量分析方法的论述,剖析化学“四重表征”教学模式理论的建构背景,采用文本分析法,从“四重表征”的理论创新、研究内容和应用案例3部分进行分析.以此为落脚点提出3点建议:提高教师的“四重表征”意识和转换水平;从心理机制层面研究学生迷思概念的成因;积极开发基于定量探究实验的教学案例,进而培养学生定量分析的思维,提高学生“四重表征”间转换水平和科学概念转变能力.     

利用手持技术数字化实验探究自热包的电化学腐蚀发热原理

针对电化学腐蚀概念教学存在的不足,以手持技术数字化实验的TQVC概念认知模型为研究思路,定性与定量相结合,设计手持技术数字化实验以促进学生对电化学腐蚀概念的认知。利用温度传感器、氧化还原传感器、pH传感器,测定镁水型自热包在溶液中工作的温度曲线、氧化还原电势曲线、pH曲线,通过多重表征的手段解析镁水型自热包的腐蚀原电池工作原理、腐蚀发热原理、缓释均布剂与包埋剂的作用、各类型饭盒的加热效果,旨在帮助学生从装置-原理二维视角认识电化学腐蚀的本质,以期为日常教学提供参考。     

化学数字化实验影响学生概念改变的实证研究

选取"离子反应"知识作为研究内容,开展了相关化学数字化实验的教学实践,通过二段式测验工具、SOLO分类法的量化分析,来检测化学数字化实验对学生概念改变的影响。结果显示,化学数字化实验能够在一定程度上促进学生的概念改变。     

手持技术数字化实验支持下的抽象化学概念学习*——以探究比较丁醇同分异构体的分子间作用力大小为例

根据TQVC概念认知模型设计手持技术数字化实验,比较丁醇同分异构体的分子间作用力大小,并应用“四重表征”理论对实验结果进行解释与分析。研究发现:蒸发时温度下降速度越快,同分异构体的空间位阻越大,其分子间作用力越小;同分异构体混合液的分子间作用力比任一组分的分子间作用力小。     

基于模型认知与手持技术的化学能与电能项目式教学*——以“设计不同类型的化学电源”为例

以“设计不同类型的化学电源”为项目主题,详细介绍了项目的确立、规划、实施。系列学习活动包括:原电池基础知识教学,建构与应用原电池认知模型,分组设计不同类型的化学电源,进行电流影响因素的探究实验,运用手持技术数字化实验测量电池电流大小,开展成果交流汇报等。课题源于生活,有助于学生深入理解化学能与电能之间的相互转化,提升化学兴趣,发展化学核心素养。     

定性与定量研究相结合促进学生深度学习的实践与反思*——以“肥皂水鉴别软硬水再探究”为例

利用肥皂水鉴别软、硬水,一直在化学教学中使用。在教学中,创设真实情境,结合教材中实验要求开展定性研究,激发学生认知冲突,推动教学中利用手持技术数字化实验开展定量研究,得到不同体积肥皂水在软、硬水中浊度值,从而通过证据推理出更为精准的结论。整节课在问题驱动下通过定性、定量研究相结合,培养学生在真实情境中运用所具备的知识、能力及品质解决真实问题的本领。     

中学化学手持技术数字化实验研究的演进及展望*

正手持技术数字化实验是信息技术在中学化学实验教学中的有效使用,有利于开展验证性实验和探究性实验教学及推进信息技术与教育教学的深度融合,也利于培养学生的实验技能和提升学生的科学研究素养。1 中学化学手持技术数字化实验研究的演进经文献统计分析,得出中学化学手持技术数字化实验的演进及特点:(1)大致可分为3个阶段;2004-2007年为酝酿期,2008-2012年为徘徊期,2013-至今为快速发展期;(2)在被引较高的前10篇文     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.