杂多阴离子柱撑锰铝水滑石的合成、表征及催化性能

杂多阴离子柱撑锰铝水滑石的合成、表征及催化性能刘继广，孙铁，蒋大振（吉林大学化学系，长春１３００２３）关键词杂多阴离子，柱撑，锰铝水滑石，异丁烷，烷基化类水滑石化合物属于阴离子型粘土‘’‘，其中心金属离子Ｍ２＋或Ｍ３＋及平衡阴离子可根据需要进行改变．...     

几种杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石的合成与吸附行为

柱撑水滑石类层柱状阴离子粘土是一类新型层柱材料，由于其二维孔道结构的可调变性及潜在的择形催化性能，已引起人们的重视[1-3]．迄今，人们已合成了包括无机和有机阴离子，同多和杂多阴离子（Polyoxometalates，简称POMs）以及配合物阴离子在内的多种柱撑水滑石，其中同多和     

己二酸柱撑水滑石的制备及表征

水滑石（Layered Double Hydroxidex,简称LDHs）是一类具有层状结构的阴离子型粘土^[1]。水滑石的一个重要性质是层间阴离子具有可交换性,引入不同的阴离子,能够得到不同结构和功能和柱撑水石滑,因而阴离子插层是水滑石研究的一个重要方向。各类阴离子如有机和无机阴离子、同多和杂多阴离子以及金属配合物阴离子的柱撑水滑石在文献中都有报道^[2-5]。其中有机阴离子由于在结构上的多样性,使有机阴离子柱撑水滑石具有巨大的应用开发潜力,已经引起了人们的广泛关注^[6-12]。     

类水滑石及其杂多阴离子柱撑物的合成与表面酸性研究

合成了一些类水滑石和过渡金属取代型杂多酸盐，并由此制备了相应杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石层柱材料。用ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ和元素分析等手段对合成产物进行组成和结构表征，用ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ，Ｐｙ－ＩＲ研究了合成产物的表面酸性和酸类型，并在异丙醇反应中考察了合成物的酸碱催化行为，结果表明，水滑石和柱撑水滑石均同时存在酸碱中心，且酸碱相对强度与柱阴离子类型密切相关。杂多阴离子进入水滑石层，同时改变了水滑石和杂多酸盐的酸强度     

MgZnAl-EDTA柱撑水滑石的制备及其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附

以共沉淀法合成的Mg2ZnAl-CO3水滑石为前体,采用离子交换插层组装方法制备了Mg2ZnAl-EDTA柱撑水滑石,并用XRD和IR进行表征。以水滑石前体和柱撑水滑石为吸附剂,用于废水中Pb2+的吸附。柱撑水滑石的吸附容量明显大于水滑石前体,柱撑水滑石的最佳吸附条件为:温度45℃,pH 5.5,吸附时间150min,Pb2+初始浓度100 mg·L-1。在最佳吸附条件下,柱撑水滑石对废水中Pb2+的饱和吸附量为183.51 mg/g。     

杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石类层柱材料中层柱相互作用研究

合成了具有不同组成的类水滑石层状化合物和杂多酸，据此制备了一系列杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石，用ＩＲ光谱、ＤＴＡ等方法研究了此类层柱材料中层与柱的相互作用，发现类水滑石层状化合物中的Ｍ＾３＋离子的种类和具有Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构的杂多阴离子的组成元素，无论处于四面体中、还是位于八面体中，对层柱的相互作用皆有明显影响，此外，这种相互作用还导致杂多阴离子中四面体和八面体对称性及相关性质的改变。     

P-Cu-Mo杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石的制备

杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石作为一类新型的催化材料,近年来日益受到人们的关注。但由于杂多化合物对碱不稳定及水滑石在酸性条件下层结构易被破环,故文献中仅有制得钨硅系杂多阴离子柱水滑石的报道。作者将过渡金属引入钼磷酸的Keggin结构骨架中,提高了其溶液稳定性,并在微波场中快速地制得了P-Cu-Mo杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石。     

杂多酸阴离子[Co_2Bi_2W_(20)O_(70)]~(10-)柱撑水滑石光催化降解甲基橙

采用离子交换法合成了一种新型的杂多酸阴离子[Co2Bi2W20O70]10-柱撑水滑石类层状化合物,利用X射线衍射仪和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪分析了其晶相结构;研究了[Co2Bi2W20O70]10-柱撑水滑石光催化降解甲基橙的活性.结果表明,合成的[Co2Bi2W20O70]10-杂多酸阴离子柱撑水滑石较好地保持了水滑石原有的晶体形貌,具有较高的离子交换度.与此同时,杂多酸阴离子替换NO3-后,可以在一定程度上提高催化剂的催化活性.这主要归因于水滑石材料中杂多酸阴离子和水滑石层板之间的协同效应.     

杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石层柱相互作用(Ⅰ)

杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石层柱相互作用（Ⅰ）李兴林＊佘益民郭军蒋大振（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）（吉林大学化学系长春）关键词杂多阴离子，柱撑水滑石，ＸＰＳ，ＩＲ，ＸＲＤ１９９６－０６－１８收稿，１９９６－１０－１２修回国家自然科学基金资...     

乙二胺四乙酸柱撑镁锌铝三元水滑石的制备与表征

采用共沉淀法合成了Mg2ZnAl-CO3水滑石;以其为前驱体,利用离子交换法进行插层组装得到Mg2ZnAl-EDTA三元柱撑水滑石;采用X射线衍射仪和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对产物进行了表征.结果表明,合成的Mg2ZnAl-CO3水滑石纯度高、晶型良好,其层间CO32-可被乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)阴离子取代形成Mg2ZnAl-EDTA三元柱撑水滑石;柱撑水滑石的层间距离明显增加,EDTA阴离子在层间倾斜排列.     

基于层层组装钴铝水滑石/聚电解质包裹碳纳米管的无酶葡萄糖传感器

采用共沉淀法合成了钴铝水滑石(CoAl-LDH),将CoAl-LDH与PSS包裹的CNTs(CNTs@PSS)通过层层自组装法构筑CNTs@PSS/CoAl-LDH多层膜电极,并将其应用于葡萄糖的分析测定。X射线衍射光谱、红外光谱和SEM表明:共沉淀法合成的CoAl-LDH具有典型的水滑石特征峰及形貌。电化学阻抗谱表明:CoAl-LDH可与CNTs@PSS均匀有效地组装构筑多层膜。电化学研究表明:CNTs的引入很好地提高了CoAl-LDH修饰电极的灵敏度。研究结果表明该传感器对葡萄糖在3.0×10-6～4.98×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性响应,灵敏度为1.03×10-3A.L/mol。     

Thermal degradation behaviors of a novel nanocomposite based on polypropylene and Co-Al layered double hydroxide

The thermal degradation behaviors of a novel nanocomposite based on polypropylene and organic Co/Al layered double hydroxide (PP/CoAl-LDH) were studied via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in the present work. The thermal degradation activation energies of the PP/CoAl-LDH nanocomposite were determined via Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, and were compared with those of neat PP. The relationship between the organic CoAl-LDH concentration and the activation energies in PP/CoAl-LDH nanocomposite also has been investigated. An internal reason and an outer reason leading to high fire retardancy of PP/CoAl-LDH nanocomposite were proposed. The presence of CoAl-LDH tended to increase significantly the decomposition activation energy of nanocomposite at full-scale temperature and had an important influence on both of internal and outer reasons.     

Dispersion and size control of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions

We report a simple but efficient method to prepare stable homogeneous suspensions containing monodispersed MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles that have wide promising applications in cellular drug (gene) delivery, polymer/LDH nanocomposites, and LDH thin films for catalysis, gas separation, sensing, and electrochemical materials. This new method involves a fast coprecipitation followed by controlled hydrothermal treatment under different conditions and produces stable homogeneous LDH suspensions under variable hydrothermal treatment conditions. Moreover, the relationship between the LDH particle size and the hydrothermal treatment conditions (time, temperature, and concentration) has been systematically investigated, which indicates that the LDH particle size can be precisely controlled between 40 and 300 nm by adjusting these conditions. The reproducibility of making the identical suspensions under identical conditions has been confirmed with a number of experiments. The dispersion of agglomerated LDH aggregates into individual LDH crystallites during the hydrothermal treatment has been further discussed. This method has also been successfully applied to preparing stable homogeneous LDH suspensions containing various other metal ions such as Ni(2+), Fe(2+), Fe(3+), Co(2+), Cd(2+), and Gd(3+) in the hydroxide layers and many inorganic anions such as Cl(-), CO(3)(2-), NO(3)(-), and SO(4)(2-).     

Thermal Studies on Ammonium Uranates

Ammonium uranates are important intermediates in the preparation of nuclear fuel UO₂. These can generally be prepared through two different routes: heterogeneous (conventional) and homogeneous methods of precipitation. In the conventional method, ammonium hydroxide, gaseous ammonia and ammonium carbonate are the precipitating agents. In the homogeneous method, urea hydrolysis is used to generate in situ ammonia needed for precipitation. For the present studies, ammonium hydroxide is used for the conventional and urea for the homogeneous methods of precipitation. The uranates, thusprepared, are characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG)and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Thermally the numbers of decomposition steps are identical for both uranates but the temperatures of the decomposition and mass losses vary. The intermediate and final oxides are identified by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

纳米氧化锌的合成及表面改性

以硫酸锌、尿素为原料,采用均相沉淀法合成了纳米氧化锌.研究了硬脂酸对所制的纳米氧化锌粉体表面改性的机理及其对粉体亲油性的影响.实验结果表明,硬脂酸中的羧基与纳米氧化锌粉体颗粒表面的羟基发生了酯化反应,并在表面形成单分子膜.经过表面改性的纳米氧化锌由亲水性转化为亲油性.同时,就纳米氧化锌粉体硬脂酸表面改性反应,探讨了反应摩尔分数、反应温度和反应时间对产物的影响,从而筛选出粉体亲油性最大的反应条件为:硬脂酸质量分数为7%;反应温度为50℃;反应时间为1h.     

Improving Thermal and Flame Retardant Properties of Epoxy Resin with Organic NiFe‐Layered Double Hydroxide‐Carbon Nanotubes Hybrids

To improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and flame retardancy of layered double hydroxide (LDH) in epoxy resin (EP), organic nickel‐iron layered double hydroxide (ONiFe‐LDH‐CNTs) hybrids were assembled through co‐precipitation. These hybrids were further used as reinforcing filler in EP. EP/ONiFe‐LDH‐CNTs nanocomposites containing 4 wt% of ONiFe‐LDH‐CNTs with different ratios of ONiFe‐LDH and CNTs were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion and program temperature curing. The structure and morphology of the obtained hybrids were characterized by different techniques. The dispersion of nanofillers in the EP matrix was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed a coexistence of exfoliated and intercalated ONiFe‐LDH‐ CNTs in polymer matrix. Strong combination of the above nanofillers with the EP matrix provided an efficient thermal and flame retardant improvement for the nanocomposites. It showed that EP/ONiFe‐LDH‐CNTs nanocomposites exhibited superior flame retardant and thermal properties compared with EP. Such improved thermal properties could be attributed to the better homogeneous dispersion, stronger interfacial interaction, excellent charring performance of ONiFe‐LDH and synergistic effect between ONiFe‐LDH and CNTs.     

Preparation of Mg–Al layered double hydroxides intercalated with alkyl sulfates and investigation of their capacity to take up N,N-dimethylaniline from aqueous solutions

This study examined the effect of the interlayer spacing of a Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (Mg–Al LDH) on the ability of the Mg–Al LDH to take up a nonionic organic material. Mg–Al LDHs, intercalated with 1-propanesulfonate (PS^?), 1-hexanesulfonate (HS^?), and 1-dodecanesulfonate (DS^?), were prepared by coprecipitation, yielding PS·Mg–Al LDH, HS·Mg–Al LDH, and DS·Mg–Al LDH, respectively. The increase in the alkyl chain lengths of the Mg–Al LDHs (PS^? < HS^? < DS^?) resulted in the perpendicular orientation of the organic acid anions in the interlayer of Mg–Al LDH, which in turn resulted in more organic acid anions being accommodated in the interlayer space. An organic acid anion with a large molecular length was more easily intercalated in the interlayer of Mg–Al LDH than one with a small molecular length. This was attributed to the hydrophobic interaction between the alkyl chains, affecting the intercalation of the organic acid anions. The uptake of N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) by Mg–Al LDHs increased in the order PS·Mg–Al LDH < HS·Mg–Al LDH < DS·Mg–Al LDH. The uptake was attributed to the hydrophobic interactions between DMA and the intercalated PS^?, HS^?, and DS^?. Thus, Mg–Al LDH, which has a lot of large interlayer spacings when intercalated with organic acid anions, can take up a large number of DMA molecules from an aqueous solution.     

Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated by Polyoxometalate Anions with Keggin (alpha-H(2)W(12)O(40)(6)(-)), Dawson (alpha-P(2)W(18)O(62)(6)(-)), and Finke (Co(4)(H(2)O)(2)(PW(9)O(34))(2)(10)(-)) Structures

The pillaring of Mg(3)Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by the title polyoxometalates (POMs) was accomplished by ion exchange reaction of the LDH-hydroxide and -adipate precursors with the POM anion at ambient or refluxing temperatures. The structural, thermal and textural properties of the LDH-POM intercalates were elucidated based on XRD, FTIR, TEM, EDS, and N(2) adsorption-desorption studies. A gallery height of approximately 10 ? was observed for the LDH intercalated by the symmetrical Keggin POM, whereas two different gallery heights were found for the cylindrical Dawson (14.5 and 12.8 ?) and Finke (13.3 and 12.6 ?) anions, depending on the preparation temperature. The differences in POM orientations were rationalized in terms of different electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions between the POM pillars and the LDH layers. Upon thermal treatment at >/=100 degrees C, the intercalated Dawson and Finke POM ions exhibited only one gallery orientation, regardless of synthesis conditions. The crystalline microporous structures were retained upon heating each LDH-POM intercalate in N(2) to 200 degrees C. Pillaring in all cases was accompanied by the formation of a poorly ordered Mg(2+)/Al(3+) salt impurity that formed on the external surfaces of the LDH crystals.     

层状水滑石对吡啶二甲酸异构阴离子的选择性插层行为

本文采用焙烧复原法研究了镁铝水滑石与吡啶二甲酸异构阴离子单体及其混合体的插层反应，实验发现镁铝水滑石对吡啶二甲酸异构阴离子存在着明显的选择性，有机酸异构体优先进入层间的顺序是：2,3-吡啶二甲酸>2,5-吡啶二甲酸>2,4-吡啶二甲酸>3,5-吡啶二甲酸>3,4-吡啶二甲酸>2,6-吡啶二甲酸。利用XRD、IR和TG测试技术对样品进行了表征，同时采用Gaussian-98软件包中ab initio 分子轨道法（HF/6-31G）计算了吡啶二甲酸异构阴离子的分子结构，理论结合实验探讨了阴离子在水滑石层间可能的空间构型，分析了其结构与插层行为的关系。研究表明镁铝水滑石层状材料插层过程中具有分子识别能力，可用于分离有机异构阴离子。     

均匀沉淀法制备一维结构的氧化锌

以硝酸锌和尿素为反应原料,利用均匀沉淀法在水溶液中直接制备了多种形貌的氧化锌．考察了反应物浓度,加热方式等对产物形貌和结构的影响,利用透射电子显微镜,X射线衍射仪等分析手段对所得产物的形貌和结构进行了表征．