超临界流体色谱法快速定量分析吴茱萸中的吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱

采用超临界流体色谱（SFC）对吴茱萸中的吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱进行快速定量分析。通过优化后的超临界流体萃取（SFE）条件得到目标生物碱,利用优化后的SFC方法在6 min内完成目标生物碱的分析,并实现了吴茱萸碱与吴茱萸次碱的基线分离。验证结果表明,SFC方法的线性较好,相关系数（r2）均为0.999 8,精密度良好,相对标准偏差（RSD）均低于0.50%,回收率为102%~109%。吴茱萸碱的检出限和定量下限分别为1.00、3.33 μg/mL,吴茱萸次碱的检出限和定量下限分别为0.95、3.17 μg/mL。应用该方法检测4个产地的10个吴茱萸样品,目标生物碱的总含量依次为2.95% （广东,1）、0.51% （广东,2）、1.27% （贵州,3）、1.00% （湖南,4）、0.93% （湖南,5）、1.81% （江西,6）、0.73% （江西,7）、0.58% （江西,8）、0.41% （江西,9）和0.36% （江西,10）。尽管含量均符合药典要求,但产地差异显著,且同一产地的药材质量也明显不同。此外,将该方法与2020版中国药典方法进行了比较。两种方法的定量结果相似,但SFC的分析时间明显少于药典方法。研究结果表明SFC在中药活性成分定量方面具有潜力。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定吴茱萸及制剂中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱

用反相高效液相色谱法测定了吴茱萸及制剂中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱，建立了中药及制剂中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱分离、测定的色谱方法。色谱条件：ＯＤＳ柱，乙腈＋水＋四氢呋喃＋乙酸（５２＋４８＋１＋０．１）为流动相，紫外检测波长２８０ｎｍ。方法简便、灵敏、准确、快速。     

高效液相色谱法研究黄连生物碱与吴茱萸黄酮配伍时成分含量的变化

为了研究中药配伍过程中是否发生化学反应,先从单味药材中提取不同的组分或大类化合物,然后对其进行配伍，用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定其在配伍前后的成分变化。实验采用HPLC对黄连生物碱与吴茱萸黄酮配伍后的各色谱峰进行检测和分析，结果表明黄连生物碱与吴茱萸黄酮配伍后色谱峰具有加和性,各成分的相对峰面积未见明显变化,且未见新的色谱峰产生，说明黄连生物碱与吴茱萸黄酮配伍后没有发生化学反应。     

吴茱萸中吴茱萸次碱与吴茱萸碱含量的超临界流体色谱法测定

建立了超临界流体色谱法分离测定吴茱萸中吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸碱含量的方法,并研究了其影响因素。使用Kromasil Slica填充柱,流动相为含13%甲醇的CO2,流速2.0 mL.min-1,柱温60℃,背压2.0×107Pa,检测波长225 nm,测得吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸碱的线性范围分别为0.33~8.25μg(r=0.999 3)、0.68~17μg(r=0.999 8),平均加标回收率均为100%。与传统方法相比,超临界流体色谱可在简单的流动相条件下对吴茱萸中的吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸碱进行良好分离。     

超临界流体色谱对吴茱萸中吲哚类生物碱的快速分析

建立了超临界流体色谱快速分析吴茱萸中吲哚类生物碱的方法。以标准品混合物和复杂样品为对象比较4种色谱柱的分离效果,进行色谱柱的筛选;考察了进样体积、改性剂、添加剂、温度和背压对保留行为的影响。结果表明,进样体积对峰形影响显著;添加剂对保留时间和色谱峰形影响有限;改变改性剂能使保留时间显著改变;降低温度,升高背压,保留时间减小。经过优化,确定采用Waters ACQUITY UPC² BEH色谱柱,以甲醇为改性剂,在35 ℃柱温和2.07×10⁷ Pa背压条件下,15 min内完成复杂样品的分析。同时采用超高效液相色谱完成复杂样品的快速分析。结果表明,超临界流体色谱可用于天然产物的高效快速分析,同时该方法与超高效液相色谱在分离选择上的差异有助于天然产物分析方法的拓展。     

基于UFLC-MS/分子模拟计算的吴茱萸醇提取物中胆碱酯酶抑制剂筛选

采用超高速液相色谱-质谱(UFLC-MS)研究了吴茱萸醇提取物中入血小分子化合物的体内药代动力学过程. 同时对UFLC-MS 生物样品分析方法进行包括特异性、 线性、 精密度、 准确度、 稳定性、 基质效应和回收率等考察, 结果表明, 该方法稳定可靠, 且醇提取物中10个生物碱类化合物均被胃肠道快速吸收, 并且多数化合物血药浓度在1~2 h左右达到峰值. 将吸收入血的10个生物碱类化合物与乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱脂酶进行柔性分子对接及构效关系分析, 发现其中活性最高的为去氢吴茱萸碱、 吴茱萸碱、 吴茱萸次碱和吴茱萸酰胺Ⅰ 4个吲哚型生物碱, 它们与乙酰胆碱酯酶的对接打分均在-46.02 kJ/mol以下; 与丁酰胆碱脂酶对接打分均在-41.84 kJ/mol以下. 吴茱萸碱、 吴茱萸次碱、 去氢吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸酰胺可能是以乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱脂酶为靶点的胆碱酯酶抑制剂前体化合物.     

漆酚酯键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的制备与应用

以甲基丙烯酸漆酚酯为色谱配体,制备了一种新型色谱固定相。首先以漆酚和甲基丙烯酰氯为原料制备得到甲基丙烯酸漆酚酯,并通过物理吸附涂覆到由3-（甲基丙烯酰氧）丙基三甲氧基硅烷化学修饰的硅胶上,再通过自由基引发与硅烷化硅胶的双键聚合制得漆酚酯键合硅胶固定相（USP）。对固定相进行傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、热重分析（TGA）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和元素分析（EA）表征,结果表明通过共聚反应成功地将漆酚酯固定在硅烷化硅胶上,且制备出的固定相具有良好的单分散性。采用匀浆法装柱,以乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液（3：97,v/v）为流动相,流速为0.4 mL/min,检测波长为220 nm,考察固定相对天麻浸膏的分离性能。以乙腈-水（50：50,v/v）为流动相,流速为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为290 nm,考察固定相对吴茱萸浸膏的分离性能。结果表明该固定相对天麻浸膏和吴茱萸浸膏均具有良好的分离性能,从天麻浸膏中分离出5个色谱峰,从吴茱萸浸膏中分离出2个色谱峰。与商品化C₁₈ 柱相比,USP柱可以从天麻浸膏中分离出更多的有效组分并实现基线分离,分离吴茱萸浸膏的色谱条件更为环保和安全。采用低流速对天麻浸膏和吴茱萸浸膏进行分离,减少了流动相的使用量,分离结果令人满意。以天然产物漆酚制备色谱固定相,既为分离纯化天麻素和吴茱萸碱提供了一种新的方法,又为液相色谱固定相制备提供了新的思路,还拓展了生漆在色谱分离材料方面的应用。     

栀子药材的指纹图谱整体性分析

建立了药材栀子水提部分的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,脂溶性成分和挥发油的气相色谱．质谱联用指纹图谱,并分别计算了此3部分指纹图谱的相似系数和总体相似系数,同产地结果RSD≤5％。通过比较不同产地栀子相似系数的关系,以及对9个主要药效成分定量结果的分析,对不同产地栀子的指纹图谱做了整体性评价,结果表明,只有全面测定成分及整体性评价后,药材的质量才能得到有效评价。     

高效液相色谱法鉴别及测定中药吴茱萸中的生物胺

建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定中药吴茱萸中生物胺的方法。以丹磺酰氯为柱前衍生试剂,采用岛津高效液相色谱仪(LC-10A),色谱柱SHIMADZU-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm×5μm)进行测定,确定了最佳色谱条件:乙腈和水为流动相,梯度洗脱,DAD检测器,检测波长为334 nm,流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。10种常见生物胺在45 min内得到良好的分离,在给定的浓度范围内,各生物胺呈现良好的线性相关(R2>0.999),精密度RSD<2%,回收率在91.87%~101.35%之间,重现性RSD<8%。结果表明,吴茱萸叶中含有7种生物胺,枝中含有4种,果中含有5种。这是首次发现在中药吴茱萸中存在生物胺类成分。     

反相离子对液相色谱法测定左金丸中盐酸小檗碱和吴茱萸次碱含量

1引言 左金丸是由黄连与吴茱萸组成的中药复方制剂。该药物具有泻火、舒肝、和胃、止痛之功效。方中主药黄连具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒等作用，其主要活性成分为盐酸小檗碱；吴茱萸具有散寒止痛，降逆止呕，助阳止泻等作用，其主要活性成分之一为吴茱萸次碱。2000年版药典标准采用回沉提取结合柱色谱洗脱，并用分光光度法测定盐酸小檗碱，没有监测吴茱萸活性成分的含量。国内已有几篇检测左金丸中盐酸小檗碱含量的文献报道，但是同时检测左金丸中盐酸小檗碱和吴茱萸次碱尚无报道。为了使左金丸的质量控制体系更完善，本实验采用反相液相色谱法建立了同时测定左金丸中上述2种药物主要活性成分的方法。     

Development and validation of HPLC methods for the analysis of phenethylamine and indoloquinazoline alkaloids in Evodia species

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chromatographic performance of a PEG stationary phase, in comparison with those of C18 columns, for the HPLC analysis of phenethylamine ((+/-)-synephrine) and indoloquinazoline (rutaecarpine and evodiamine) alkaloids in methanolic extracts of fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. and E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang (i.e., E. officinalis Dode) (Rutaceae family). The method was validated and showed good linearity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The highest content of both phenethylamine and indoloquinazoline alkaloids was found in methanolic fruit extracts of E. rutaecarpa, and it was closely related to the degree of maturity. E. officinalis fruits displayed low amounts of both types of alkaloids. Furthermore, an enantioselective HPLC method for the enantioseparation of (+/-)-synephrine from Evodia fruits was applied, by using a protein-based chiral stationary phase with cellobiohydrolase (CBH) as the chiral selector (Chiral-CBH). Isolation of synephrine from Evodia aqueous fruit extracts was carried out by strong cation-exchange SPE. The results of the application of the method to the analysis of Evodia samples showed that (-)-synephrine was the main component while (+)-synephrine was present in low concentration.     

Two New Indole Alkaloids from Evodia rutaecarpa

The tyuit of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth is a Chinese traditional drug (Wu-Chu-Yu).The components of Wu-Chu-Yu have been studied by several groups, including indolealkaloids,quinolone alkaloids. limonoids and other kinds]. Further chemical investigationofthis drug led us to isolate two new indole alkaloids 1 and 2. This is the first time toisolate indolinone alkaloids from this plant.Wuchuyuamide I (l ), was isolated as colorless needles, m,p. 261 -262<> C (CHCI,MeOH), [Q].=# 0(c 0…     

Evodiagenine and dievodiamine, two new indole alkaloids from Evodia rutaecarpa

<正>Two new indole alkaloids,evodiagenine 1 and dievodiamine 2 were isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa(Juss.) Benth. The structure of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and compound 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.     

Preparative isolation and purification of alkaloids from the Chinese medicinal herb Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth by high-speed counter-current chromatography

High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water system (5:5:7:5, v/v) was applied to the isolation and purification of alkaloids from the Chinese medicinal plant Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. Five kinds of alkaloids were obtained and yielded 28 mg of evodiamine (I), 19 mg of rutaecarpine (II), 21 mg of evocarpine (III), 16mg of 1-methy-2-[(6Z,9Z)]-6,9-pentadecadienyl-4-(1H)-quinolone (IV), 12 mg of 1-methyl-2-dodecyl-4-(1H)-quinolone (V) from 180 mg of crude extract in a one-step separation, with the purity of 98.7%, 98.4%, 96.9%, 98.0%, 97.2%, respectively, as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of these compounds were identified by 1H NMR and 13CNMR.     

Quantitative analyses of indoloquinazoline alkaloids in Fructus Evodiae by high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Fructus Evodiae (Wuzhuyu), the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa and related varieties, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The bioactive constituents include the indoloquinazoline alkaloids rutaecarpine, evodiamine and dehydroevodiamine. A new assay based on high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/UV/APCI-MS/MS) was developed for the measurement of the indoloquinazoline alkaloids in commercial Fructus Evodiae products. Initially, the MS/MS fragmentation pathways of indoloquinazoline alkaloids were investigated to identify fragment ions that might be useful for the sensitive and selective detection of trace indoloquinazoline alkaloids during LC/MS/MS. Then, quantitative MS analysis of five indoloquinazoline alkaloids in 12 commercial Fructus Evodiae products from different geographical sources was performed. Analyte recovery was in the range of 97.5-105.3% for all with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 6%, the intra-assay and inter-assay RSDs were less than 7%, and good linear relationships were shown with correlation coefficients for the analytes exceeding 0.999. Therefore, this LC/MS/MS assay facilitated the rapid quantitative analysis of rutaecarpine, evodiamine, evodiamide, 14-formyldihydrorutaecarpine and dehydroevodiamine in 12 commercial Fructus Evodiae products with excellent recovery, repeatability, accuracy and sensitivity. This method is simple and specific and can be used for identification and quality control of this traditional Chinese remedy.     

Comparative analysis of essential oil components of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth

Essential oils from the fruit of two species of Evodia rutaecarpa from China (Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.) have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to discern the differences and similarities between the volatile chemical compositions of these species. More than 21 components were identified in essential oils of the studied plants. In the oil of E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang, the main essential oil ingredients were β-myrcene (44.43%) and β-pinene (39.88%). β-pinene (72.82%), 1R-α-pinene (8.90%) and β-myrcene (1.99%) were the major compounds in the oil of E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. The chemical compounds of the essential oils showed that there are only six common compounds between the two species.     

吴茱萸次碱的合成进展

系统地总结了吴茱萸次碱的合成方法. 根据构建环的种类不同, 把合成方法分为七类, 大部分方法都是以色胺和邻氨基苯甲酸或其衍生物为起始原料, 步骤较长, 适合工业生产的简便、经济适用的方法还有待于进一步研究探索.     

Progress in the studies on rutaecarpine

Rutaecarpine is an indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa and related herbs, which has shown a variety of intriguing biological properties such as anti-thrombotic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-obesity and thermoregulatory, vasorelaxing activity, as well as effects on the cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Recent progress in the studies on the isolation, synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, biological activities and metabolism of rutaecarpine are reviewed.     

Relative determination of dehydroevodiamine in rat plasma by LC-MS and study on its pharmacokinetics

The lack of purified standards is a bottleneck on assaying herbs in vitro and in vivo. This present work proposed a strategy of relative quantification that used a herb extract as a relative standard. A rapid and selective liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was similarly developed and validated for the relative determination of dehydroevodiamine in rat plasma according to the absolute quantification. Protein precipitation was used for the pretreatment of plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Diamonsil C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase of a 70:30 (v/v) acetonitrile-0.3% formic acid mixture at a flow rate of 0.45 mL/min. The assay was validated in the range 100.0 ≈ 50,000.0 ngH/mL (r(2) = 0.9804), the lowest level of this range being the lower limit of quantification based on 50 μL of plasma. The precision and accuracy were within recommended limits of nominal values. The method was applied to evaluate the comparative pharmacokinetics of dehydroevodiamine in rats following oral administration of Evodia rutaecarpa and Rhizoma coptidis-Evodia rutaecarpa couple. This approach was found to be capable of providing complete pharmacokinetic parameters as well as the typical pharmacokinetic assay calibrated by authentic standards, except for the absolute plasma concentrations.     

在线SFE—GC技术在中药吴茱萸化学成分研究中的应用

建立了分析型超临界流体萃取(SFE)技术通过界面与气相色谱直接偶合分析中药吴茱萸化学成分的方法,样品不经预处理。讨论了界面设计及其应用中的一些问题。列出了吴茱萸某些化学成分的GC-MS鉴定结果。